Merge pull request #2714 from ehuss/bump-version

Update to 0.4.51

.eslintrc.json

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+{
+    "env": {
+        "browser": true,
+        "node": true,
+        "es6": true
+    },
+    "extends": "eslint:recommended",
+    "globals": {
+        "module": "readonly",
+        "require": "readonly"
+    },
+    "parserOptions": {
+        "ecmaVersion": 2021,
+        "requireConfigFile": false,
+        "sourceType": "module"
+    },
+    "ignorePatterns": ["**min.js", "**/highlight.js", "**/playground_editor/*"],
+    "rules": {
+        "indent": [
+            "error",
+            4
+        ],
+        "linebreak-style": [
+            "error",
+            "unix"
+        ],
+        "quotes": [
+            "error",
+            "single"
+        ],
+        "semi": [
+            "error",
+            "always"
+        ],
+        "brace-style": [
+            "error",
+            "1tbs",
+            { "allowSingleLine": false }
+        ],
+        "curly": "error",
+        "no-trailing-spaces": "error",
+        "no-multi-spaces": "error",
+        "keyword-spacing": [
+            "error",
+            { "before": true, "after": true }
+        ],
+        "comma-spacing": [
+            "error",
+            { "before": false, "after": true }
+        ],
+        "arrow-spacing": [
+            "error",
+            { "before": true, "after": true }
+        ],
+        "key-spacing": [
+            "error",
+            { "beforeColon": false, "afterColon": true, "mode": "strict" }
+        ],
+        "func-call-spacing": ["error", "never"],
+        "space-infix-ops": "error",
+        "space-before-function-paren": ["error", "never"],
+        "space-before-blocks": "error",
+        "no-console": [
+            "error",
+            { "allow": ["warn", "error"] }
+        ],
+        "comma-dangle": ["error", "always-multiline"],
+        "comma-style": ["error", "last"],
+        "max-len": ["error", { "code": 100, "tabWidth": 2 }],
+        "eol-last": ["error", "always"],
+        "no-extra-parens": "error",
+        "arrow-parens": ["error", "as-needed"],
+        "no-unused-vars": [
+            "error",
+            {
+                "argsIgnorePattern": "^_",
+                "varsIgnorePattern": "^_"
+            }
+        ],
+        "prefer-const": ["error"],
+        "no-var": "error",
+        "eqeqeq": "error"
+    },
+    "overrides": [
+        {
+            "files": [
+                "tests/**/*.js"
+            ],
+            "env": {
+                "jest": true,
+                "node": true
+            }
+        }
+    ]
+}

.gitattributes

@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@
 
 * text=auto eol=lf
 *.rs rust
-*.woff -text
-*.ttf -text
-*.otf -text
-*.png -text
+*.woff binary
+*.ttf binary
+*.otf binary
+*.png binary
+*.eot binary
+*.woff2 binary

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+name: Bug Report
+description: Create a report to help us improve
+labels: ["C-bug"]
+body:
+  - type: markdown
+    attributes:
+      value: Thanks for filing a 🐛 bug report 😄!
+  - type: textarea
+    id: problem
+    attributes:
+      label: Problem
+      description: >
+        Please provide a clear and concise description of what the bug is,
+        including what currently happens and what you expected to happen.
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: textarea
+    id: steps
+    attributes:
+      label: Steps
+      description: Please list the steps to reproduce the bug.
+      placeholder: |
+        1.
+        2.
+        3.
+  - type: textarea
+    id: possible-solutions
+    attributes:
+      label: Possible Solution(s)
+      description: >
+        Not obligatory, but suggest a fix/reason for the bug,
+        or ideas how to implement the addition or change.
+  - type: textarea
+    id: notes
+    attributes:
+      label: Notes
+      description: Provide any additional notes that might be helpful.
+  - type: textarea
+    id: version
+    attributes:
+      label: Version
+      description: >
+        Please paste the output of running `mdbook --version` or which version
+        of the library you are using.
+      render: text

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+name: Enhancement
+description: Suggest an idea for enhancing mdBook
+labels: ["C-enhancement"]
+body:
+  - type: markdown
+    attributes:
+      value: |
+        Thanks for filing a 🙋 feature request 😄!
+  - type: textarea
+    id: problem
+    attributes:
+      label: Problem
+      description: >
+        Please provide a clear description of your use case and the problem
+        this feature request is trying to solve.
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: textarea
+    id: solution
+    attributes:
+      label: Proposed Solution
+      description: >
+        Please provide a clear and concise description of what you want to happen.
+  - type: textarea
+    id: notes
+    attributes:
+      label: Notes
+      description: Provide any additional context or information that might be helpful.

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/question.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+name: Question
+description: Have a question on how to use mdBook?
+labels: ["C-question"]
+body:
+  - type: markdown
+    attributes:
+      value: |
+        Got a question on how to do something with mdBook?
+  - type: textarea
+    id: question
+    attributes:
+      label: Question
+      description: >
+        Enter your question here. Please try to provide as much detail as possible.
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: textarea
+    id: version
+    attributes:
+      label: Version
+      description: >
+        Please paste the output of running `mdbook --version` or which version
+        of the library you are using.
+      render: text

.github/workflows/deploy.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+name: Deploy
+on:
+  release:
+    types: [created]
+
+defaults:
+  run:
+    shell: bash
+
+permissions:
+  contents: write
+
+jobs:
+  release:
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - target: aarch64-unknown-linux-musl
+            os: ubuntu-22.04
+          - target: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
+            os: ubuntu-22.04
+          - target: x86_64-unknown-linux-musl
+            os: ubuntu-22.04
+          - target: x86_64-apple-darwin
+            os: macos-latest
+          - target: aarch64-apple-darwin
+            os: macos-latest
+          - target: x86_64-pc-windows-msvc
+            os: windows-latest
+    name: Deploy ${{ matrix.target }}
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - name: Install Rust
+      run: ci/install-rust.sh stable ${{ matrix.target }}
+    - name: Build asset
+      run: ci/make-release-asset.sh ${{ matrix.os }} ${{ matrix.target }}
+    - name: Update release with new asset
+      env:
+        GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      run: gh release upload $MDBOOK_TAG $MDBOOK_ASSET
+  pages:
+    name: GitHub Pages
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - name: Install Rust (rustup)
+      run: rustup update stable --no-self-update && rustup default stable
+    - name: Build book
+      run: cargo run -- build guide
+    - name: Deploy the User Guide to GitHub Pages using the gh-pages branch
+      env:
+        GITHUB_DEPLOY_KEY: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_DEPLOY_KEY }}
+      run: |
+        touch guide/book/.nojekyll
+        curl -LsSf https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rust-lang/simpleinfra/master/setup-deploy-keys/src/deploy.rs | rustc - -o /tmp/deploy
+        cd guide/book
+        /tmp/deploy
+  publish:
+    name: Publish to crates.io
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Install Rust (rustup)
+        run: rustup update stable --no-self-update && rustup default stable
+      - name: Publish
+        env:
+          CARGO_REGISTRY_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.CARGO_REGISTRY_TOKEN }}
+        run: cargo publish --no-verify

.github/workflows/main.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+name: CI
+on:
+  pull_request:
+  merge_group:
+
+jobs:
+  test:
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: stable linux
+            os: ubuntu-latest
+            rust: stable
+            target: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
+          - name: beta linux
+            os: ubuntu-latest
+            rust: beta
+            target: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
+          - name: nightly linux
+            os: ubuntu-latest
+            rust: nightly
+            target: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
+          - name: stable x86_64-unknown-linux-musl
+            os: ubuntu-22.04
+            rust: stable
+            target: x86_64-unknown-linux-musl
+          - name: stable x86_64 macos
+            os: macos-latest
+            rust: stable
+            target: x86_64-apple-darwin
+          - name: stable aarch64 macos
+            os: macos-latest
+            rust: stable
+            target: aarch64-apple-darwin
+          - name: stable windows-msvc
+            os: windows-latest
+            rust: stable
+            target: x86_64-pc-windows-msvc
+          - name: msrv
+            os: ubuntu-22.04
+            # sync MSRV with docs: guide/src/guide/installation.md and Cargo.toml
+            rust: 1.82.0
+            target: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
+    name: ${{ matrix.name }}
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - name: Install Rust
+      run: bash ci/install-rust.sh ${{ matrix.rust }} ${{ matrix.target }}
+    - name: Build and run tests
+      run: cargo test --locked --target ${{ matrix.target }}
+    - name: Test no default
+      run: cargo test --no-default-features --target ${{ matrix.target }}
+
+  aarch64-cross-builds:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - name: Install Rust
+      run: bash ci/install-rust.sh stable aarch64-unknown-linux-musl
+    - name: Build
+      run: cargo build --locked --target aarch64-unknown-linux-musl
+
+  rustfmt:
+    name: Rustfmt
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - name: Install Rust
+      run: rustup update stable && rustup default stable && rustup component add rustfmt
+    - run: cargo fmt --check
+
+  gui:
+    name: GUI tests
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Install Rust
+        run: bash ci/install-rust.sh stable x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
+      - name: Install npm
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v3
+        with:
+          node-version: 20
+      - name: Install browser-ui-test
+        run: npm install
+      - name: Run eslint
+        run: npm run lint
+      - name: Build and run tests (+ GUI)
+        run: cargo test --locked --target x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu --test gui
+
+  # Ensure there are no clippy warnings
+  clippy:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Install Rust
+        run: bash ci/install-rust.sh stable x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
+      - run: rustup component add clippy
+      - run: cargo clippy --workspace --all-targets --no-deps -- -D warnings
+
+  docs:
+    name: Check API docs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Install Rust
+        run: bash ci/install-rust.sh stable x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
+      - name: Ensure intradoc links are valid
+        run: cargo doc --workspace --document-private-items --no-deps
+        env:
+          RUSTDOCFLAGS: -D warnings
+
+  # The success job is here to consolidate the total success/failure state of
+  # all other jobs. This job is then included in the GitHub branch protection
+  # rule which prevents merges unless all other jobs are passing. This makes
+  # it easier to manage the list of jobs via this yml file and to prevent
+  # accidentally adding new jobs without also updating the branch protections.
+  success:
+    name: Success gate
+    if: always()
+    needs:
+      - test
+      - rustfmt
+      - aarch64-cross-builds
+      - gui
+      - clippy
+      - docs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - run: jq --exit-status 'all(.result == "success")' <<< '${{ toJson(needs) }}'
+      - name: Done
+        run: exit 0

.gitignore

@@ -4,8 +4,21 @@ target
 .DS_Store
 
 book-test
-book-example/book
+guide/book
 
 .vscode
 tests/dummy_book/book/
+test_book/book/
+tests/testsuite/*/*/book/
 
+# Ignore Jetbrains specific files.
+.idea/
+
+# Ignore Vim temporary and swap files.
+*.sw?
+*~
+
+# GUI tests
+node_modules
+package-lock.json
+package.json

.travis.yml

@@ -1,48 +0,0 @@
-language: rust
-
-rust:
-  - stable
-  - beta
-  - nightly
-
-os:
-  - linux
-  - osx
-
-cache: 
-  timeout: 360
-  cargo: true
-
-before_cache:
-  - chmod -R a+r $HOME/.cargo
-
-env:
-  global:
-    - CRATE_NAME=mdbook
-
-script:
-  - cargo test --all
-  - cargo test --all --no-default-features
-
-before_deploy:
-  - sh ci/before_deploy.sh
-
-deploy:
-  provider: releases
-  api_key:
-    - secure: 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
-  file_glob: true
-  file: "$CRATE_NAME-$TRAVIS_TAG-$TARGET.*"
-  on:
-    condition: "$TRAVIS_RUST_VERSION = stable"
-    tags: true
-  skip_cleanup: true
-
-branches:
-  only:
-    - master
-    - /^v\d+\.\d+\.\d+.*$/
-
-notifications:
-  email:
-    on_success: never

CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# The Rust Code of Conduct
+
+The Code of Conduct for this repository [can be found online](https://www.rust-lang.org/conduct.html).

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -5,35 +5,43 @@ Welcome stranger!
 If you have come here to learn how to contribute to mdBook, we have some tips for you!
 
 First of all, don't hesitate to ask questions!
-Use the [issue tracker](https://github.com/rust-lang-nursery/mdBook/issues), no question is too simple.
-If we don't respond in a couple of days, ping us @Michael-F-Bryan, @budziq, @steveklabnik, @frewsxcv it might just be that we forgot. :wink:
+Use the [issue tracker](https://github.com/rust-lang/mdBook/issues), no question is too simple.
 
-### Issues to work on
+## Issue assignment
 
-Any issue is up for the grabbing, but if you are starting out, you might be interested in the
-[E-Easy issues](https://github.com/rust-lang-nursery/mdBook/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3AE-Easy).
+**:warning: Important :warning:**
+
+Before working on pull request, please ping us on the corresponding issue.
+The current PR backlog is beyond what we can process at this time.
+Only issues that have an [`E-Help-wanted`](https://github.com/rust-lang/mdBook/labels/E-Help-wanted) or [`Feature accepted`](https://github.com/rust-lang/mdBook/labels/Feature%20accepted) label will likely receive reviews.
+If there isn't already an open issue for what you want to work on, please open one first to see if it is something we would be available to review.
+
+## Issues to work on
+
+If you are starting out, you might be interested in the
+[E-Easy issues](https://github.com/rust-lang/mdBook/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3AE-Easy).
 Those are issues that are considered more straightforward for beginners to Rust or the codebase itself.
-These issues can be a good launching pad for more involved issues. Easy tasks for a first time contribution
-include documentation improvements, new tests, examples, updating dependencies, etc.
+These issues can be a good launching pad for more involved issues.
+Easy tasks for a first time contribution include documentation improvements, new tests, examples, updating dependencies, etc.
 
 If you come from a web development background, you might be interested in issues related to web technologies tagged
-[A-JavaScript](https://github.com/rust-lang-nursery/mdBook/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3AA-JavaScript),
-[A-Style](https://github.com/rust-lang-nursery/mdBook/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3AA-Style),
-[A-HTML](https://github.com/rust-lang-nursery/mdBook/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3AA-HTML) or
-[A-Mobile](https://github.com/rust-lang-nursery/mdBook/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3AA-Mobile).
+[A-JavaScript](https://github.com/rust-lang/mdBook/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3AA-JavaScript),
+[A-Style](https://github.com/rust-lang/mdBook/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3AA-Style),
+[A-HTML](https://github.com/rust-lang/mdBook/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3AA-HTML) or
+[A-Mobile](https://github.com/rust-lang/mdBook/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3AA-Mobile).
 
-When you decide you want to work on a specific issue, ping us on that issue so that we can assign it to you.
+When you decide you want to work on a specific issue, and it isn't already assigned to someone else, assign the issue to yourself by leaving a comment with the text `@rustbot claim`.
 Again, do not hesitate to ask questions. We will gladly mentor anyone that want to tackle an issue.
 
 Issues on the issue tracker are categorized with the following labels:
 
 - **A**-prefixed labels state which area of the project an issue relates to.
 - **E**-prefixed labels show an estimate of the experience necessary to fix the issue.
-- **M**-prefixed labels are meta-issues used for questions, discussions, or tracking issues
+- **M**-prefixed labels are meta-issues regarding the management of the mdBook project itself
 - **S**-prefixed labels show the status of the issue
-- **T**-prefixed labels show the type of issue
+- **C**-prefixed labels show the category of issue
 
-### Building mdBook
+## Building mdBook
 
 mdBook builds on stable Rust, if you want to build mdBook from source, here are the steps to follow:
 
@@ -41,20 +49,163 @@ mdBook builds on stable Rust, if you want to build mdBook from source, here are
 0. Clone this repository with git.
 
    ```
-   git clone https://github.com/rust-lang-nursery/mdBook.git
+   git clone https://github.com/rust-lang/mdBook.git
    ```
 0. Navigate into the newly created `mdBook` directory
 0. Run `cargo build`
 
-The resulting binary can be found in `mdBook/target/debug/` under the name `mdBook` or `mdBook.exe`.
+The resulting binary can be found in `mdBook/target/debug/` under the name `mdbook` or `mdbook.exe`.
 
-### Making a pull-request
+## Code Quality
+
+We love code quality and Rust has some excellent tools to assist you with contributions.
+
+### Formatting Code with rustfmt
+
+Before you make your Pull Request to the project, please run it through the `rustfmt` utility.
+This will ensure we have good quality source code that is better for us all to maintain.
+
+[rustfmt](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustfmt) has a lot more information on the project.
+The quick guide is
+
+1. Install it (`rustfmt` is usually installed by default via [rustup](https://rustup.rs/)):
+    ```
+    rustup component add rustfmt
+    ```
+1. You can now run `rustfmt` on a single file simply by...
+    ```
+    rustfmt src/path/to/your/file.rs
+    ```
+   ... or you can format the entire project with
+   ```
+   cargo fmt
+   ```
+   When run through `cargo` it will format all bin and lib files in the current package.
+
+For more information, such as running it from your favourite editor, please see the `rustfmt` project. [rustfmt](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustfmt)
+
+### Finding Issues with Clippy
+
+[Clippy](https://doc.rust-lang.org/clippy/) is a code analyser/linter detecting mistakes, and therefore helps to improve your code.
+Like formatting your code with `rustfmt`, running clippy regularly and before your Pull Request will help us maintain awesome code.
+
+1. To install
+    ```
+    rustup component add clippy
+    ```
+2. Running clippy
+    ```
+    cargo clippy
+    ```
+
+## Change requirements
+
+Please consider the following when making a change:
+
+* Almost all changes that modify the Rust code must be accompanied with a test.
+
+* Almost all features and changes must update the documentation.
+  mdBook has the [mdBook Guide](https://rust-lang.github.io/mdBook/) whose source is at <https://github.com/rust-lang/mdBook/tree/master/guide>.
+
+* Almost all Rust items should be documented with doc comments.
+  See the [Rustdoc Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rustdoc/) for more information on writing doc comments.
+
+* Breaking the API can only be done in major SemVer releases.
+  These are done very infrequently, so it is preferred to avoid these when possible.
+  See [SemVer Compatibility](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/semver.html) for more information on what a SemVer breaking change is.
+
+  (Note: At this time, some SemVer breaking changes are inevitable due to the current code structure.
+  An example is adding new fields to the config structures.
+  These are intended to be fixed in the next major release.)
+
+* Similarly, the CLI interface is considered to be stable.
+  Care should be taken to avoid breaking existing workflows.
+
+* Check out the [Rust API Guidelines](https://rust-lang.github.io/api-guidelines/) for guidelines on designing the API.
+
+## Making a pull-request
 
 When you feel comfortable that your changes could be integrated into mdBook, you can create a pull-request on GitHub.
 One of the core maintainers will then approve the changes or request some changes before it gets merged.
 
-If you want to make your pull-request even better, you might want to run [Clippy](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy)
-and [rustfmt](https://github.com/rust-lang-nursery/rustfmt) on the code first.
-This is not a requirement though and will never block a pull-request from being merged.
-
 That's it, happy contributions! :tada: :tada: :tada:
+
+## Browser compatibility and testing
+
+Currently we don't have a strict browser compatibility matrix due to our limited resources.
+We generally strive to keep mdBook compatible with a relatively recent browser on all of the most major platforms.
+That is, supporting Chrome, Safari, Firefox, Edge on Windows, macOS, Linux, iOS, and Android.
+If possible, do your best to avoid breaking older browser releases.
+
+GUI tests are checked with the GUI testsuite. To run it, you need to install `npm` first. Then run:
+
+```
+cargo test --test gui
+```
+
+If you want to only run some tests, you can filter them by passing (part of) their name:
+
+```
+cargo test --test gui -- search
+```
+
+The first time, it'll fail and ask you to install the `browser-ui-test` package. Install it with the provided
+command then re-run the tests.
+
+If you want to disable the headless mode, use the `--disable-headless-test` option:
+
+```
+cargo test --test gui -- --disable-headless-test
+```
+
+The GUI tests are in the directory `tests/gui` in text files with the `.goml` extension. These tests are run
+using a `node.js` framework called `browser-ui-test`. You can find documentation for this language on its
+[repository](https://github.com/GuillaumeGomez/browser-UI-test/blob/master/goml-script.md).
+
+### Checking changes in `.js` files
+
+The `.js` files source code is checked using [`eslint`](https://eslint.org/). This is a linter (just like `clippy` in Rust)
+for the Javascript language. You can install it with `npm` by running the following command:
+
+```
+npm install
+```
+
+Then you can run it using:
+
+```
+npm run lint
+```
+
+## Updating highlight.js
+
+The following are instructions for updating [highlight.js](https://highlightjs.org/).
+
+1. Clone the repository at <https://github.com/highlightjs/highlight.js>
+1. Check out a tagged release (like `10.1.1`).
+1. Run `npm install`
+1. Run `node tools/build.js :common apache armasm coffeescript d handlebars haskell http julia nginx nim nix properties r scala x86asm yaml`
+1. Compare the language list that it spits out to the one in [`syntax-highlighting.md`](https://github.com/camelid/mdBook/blob/master/guide/src/format/theme/syntax-highlighting.md). If any are missing, add them to the list and rebuild (and update these docs). If any are added to the common set, add them to `syntax-highlighting.md`.
+1. Copy `build/highlight.min.js` to mdbook's directory [`highlight.js`](https://github.com/rust-lang/mdBook/blob/master/src/theme/highlight.js).
+1. Be sure to check the highlight.js [CHANGES](https://github.com/highlightjs/highlight.js/blob/main/CHANGES.md) for any breaking changes. Breaking changes that would affect users will need to wait until the next major release.
+1. Build mdbook with the new file and build some books with the new version and compare the output with a variety of languages to see if anything changes. The [test_book](https://github.com/rust-lang/mdBook/tree/master/test_book) contains a chapter with many languages to examine.
+
+## Publishing new releases
+
+Instructions for mdBook maintainers to publish a new release:
+
+1. Create a PR to update the version and update the CHANGELOG:
+    1. Update the version in `Cargo.toml`
+    2. Run `cargo test` to verify that everything is passing, and to update `Cargo.lock`.
+    3. Double-check for any SemVer breaking changes.
+       Try [`cargo-semver-checks`](https://crates.io/crates/cargo-semver-checks), though beware that the current version of mdBook isn't properly adhering to SemVer due to the lack of `#[non_exhaustive]` and other issues. See https://github.com/rust-lang/mdBook/issues/1835.
+    4. Update `CHANGELOG.md` with any changes that users may be interested in.
+    5. Update `continuous-integration.md` to update the version number for the installation instructions.
+    6. Commit the changes, and open a PR.
+2. After the PR has been merged, create a release in GitHub. This can either be done in the GitHub web UI, or on the command-line:
+   ```bash
+   MDBOOK_VERS="`cargo read-manifest | jq -r .version`" ; \
+    gh release create -R rust-lang/mdbook v$MDBOOK_VERS \
+        --title v$MDBOOK_VERS \
+        --notes "See https://github.com/rust-lang/mdBook/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md#mdbook-${MDBOOK_VERS//.} for a complete list of changes."
+   ```

Cargo.toml

@@ -1,66 +1,100 @@
+[workspace]
+members = [".", "examples/remove-emphasis/mdbook-remove-emphasis"]
+
+[workspace.lints.clippy]
+all = { level = "allow", priority = -2 }
+correctness = { level = "warn", priority = -1 }
+complexity = { level = "warn", priority = -1 }
+needless-lifetimes = "allow"  # Remove once 1.87 is stable, https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy/issues/13514
+
 [package]
 name = "mdbook"
-version = "0.2.2-alpha.0"
+version = "0.4.51"
 authors = [
-    "Mathieu David <mathieudavid@mathieudavid.org>", 
+    "Mathieu David <mathieudavid@mathieudavid.org>",
     "Michael-F-Bryan <michaelfbryan@gmail.com>",
     "Matt Ickstadt <mattico8@gmail.com>"
 ]
-description = "Create books from markdown files"
-documentation = "http://rust-lang-nursery.github.io/mdBook/index.html"
-repository = "https://github.com/rust-lang-nursery/mdBook"
+documentation = "https://rust-lang.github.io/mdBook/index.html"
+edition = "2021"
+exclude = ["/guide/*"]
 keywords = ["book", "gitbook", "rustbook", "markdown"]
 license = "MPL-2.0"
 readme = "README.md"
-exclude = ["book-example/*"]
+repository = "https://github.com/rust-lang/mdBook"
+description = "Creates a book from markdown files"
+rust-version = "1.82" # Keep in sync with installation.md and .github/workflows/main.yml
 
 [dependencies]
-clap = "2.24"
-chrono = "0.4"
-handlebars = "1.0"
-serde = "1.0"
-serde_derive = "1.0"
-error-chain = "0.12"
-serde_json = "1.0"
-pulldown-cmark = "0.1.2"
-lazy_static = "1.0"
-log = "0.4"
-env_logger = "0.5"
-toml = "0.4"
-memchr = "2.0"
-open = "1.1"
-regex = "1.0.0"
-tempfile = "3.0"
-itertools = "0.7"
-shlex = "0.1"
-toml-query = "0.7"
+anyhow = "1.0.71"
+chrono = { version = "0.4.24", default-features = false, features = ["clock"] }
+clap = { version = "4.3.12", features = ["cargo", "wrap_help"] }
+clap_complete = "4.3.2"
+env_logger = "0.11.1"
+handlebars = "6.0"
+hex = "0.4.3"
+log = "0.4.17"
+memchr = "2.5.0"
+opener = "0.8.1"
+pulldown-cmark = { version = "0.10.0", default-features = false, features = ["html"] } # Do not update, part of the public api.
+regex = "1.8.1"
+serde = { version = "1.0.163", features = ["derive"] }
+serde_json = "1.0.96"
+sha2 = "0.10.8"
+shlex = "1.3.0"
+tempfile = "3.4.0"
+toml = "0.5.11" # Do not update, see https://github.com/rust-lang/mdBook/issues/2037
+topological-sort = "0.2.2"
 
 # Watch feature
-notify = { version = "4.0", optional = true }
+notify = { version = "8.0.0", optional = true }
+notify-debouncer-mini = { version = "0.6.0", optional = true }
+ignore = { version = "0.4.20", optional = true }
+pathdiff = { version = "0.2.1", optional = true }
+walkdir = { version = "2.3.3", optional = true }
 
 # Serve feature
-iron = { version = "0.6", optional = true }
-staticfile = { version = "0.5", optional = true }
-ws = { version = "0.7", optional = true}
+futures-util = { version = "0.3.28", optional = true }
+tokio = { version = "1.43.1", features = ["macros", "rt-multi-thread"], optional = true }
+warp = { version = "0.3.6", default-features = false, features = ["websocket"], optional = true }
 
 # Search feature
-elasticlunr-rs = { version = "2.3", optional = true, default-features = false }
-ammonia = { version = "1.1", optional = true }
+elasticlunr-rs = { version = "3.0.2", optional = true }
+ammonia = { version = "4.0.0", optional = true }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
-select = "0.4"
-pretty_assertions = "0.5"
-walkdir = "2.0"
-pulldown-cmark-to-cmark = "1.1.0"
+select = "0.6.0"
+semver = "1.0.17"
+snapbox = { version = "0.6.21", features = ["diff", "dir", "term-svg", "regex", "json"] }
+pretty_assertions = "1.3.0"
+walkdir = "2.3.3"
 
 [features]
-default = ["output", "watch", "serve", "search"]
-debug = []
-output = []
-watch = ["notify"]
-serve = ["iron", "staticfile", "ws"]
-search = ["elasticlunr-rs", "ammonia"]
+default = ["watch", "serve", "search"]
+watch = ["dep:notify", "dep:notify-debouncer-mini", "dep:ignore", "dep:pathdiff", "dep:walkdir"]
+serve = ["dep:futures-util", "dep:tokio", "dep:warp"]
+search = ["dep:elasticlunr-rs", "dep:ammonia"]
 
 [[bin]]
 doc = false
 name = "mdbook"
+
+[[example]]
+name = "nop-preprocessor"
+test = true
+
+[[example]]
+name = "remove-emphasis"
+path = "examples/remove-emphasis/test.rs"
+crate-type = ["lib"]
+test = true
+
+[[test]]
+harness = false
+test = false
+name = "gui"
+path = "tests/gui/runner.rs"
+crate-type = ["bin"]
+
+[lints]
+workspace = true

README.md

@@ -1,191 +1,20 @@
 # mdBook
 
-<table>
-    <tr>
-        <td><strong>Linux / OS X</strong></td>
-        <td>
-            <a href="https://travis-ci.org/rust-lang-nursery/mdBook"><img src="https://travis-ci.org/rust-lang-nursery/mdBook.svg?branch=master"></a>
-        </td>
-    </tr>
-    <tr>
-        <td><strong>Windows</strong></td>
-        <td>
-            <a href="https://ci.appveyor.com/project/rust-lang-libs/mdbook"><img src="https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/ysyke2rvo85sni55?svg=true"></a>
-        </td>
-    </tr>
-    <tr>
-        <td colspan="2">
-            <a href="https://crates.io/crates/mdbook"><img src="https://img.shields.io/crates/v/mdbook.svg"></a>
-            <a href="LICENSE"><img src="https://img.shields.io/github/license/rust-lang-nursery/mdBook.svg"></a>
-        </td>
-    </tr>
-</table>
+[![CI Status](https://github.com/rust-lang/mdBook/actions/workflows/main.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/rust-lang/mdBook/actions/workflows/main.yml)
+[![crates.io](https://img.shields.io/crates/v/mdbook.svg)](https://crates.io/crates/mdbook)
+[![LICENSE](https://img.shields.io/github/license/rust-lang/mdBook.svg)](LICENSE)
 
 mdBook is a utility to create modern online books from Markdown files.
 
+Check out the **[User Guide]** for a list of features and installation and usage information.
+The User Guide also serves as a demonstration to showcase what a book looks like.
 
-## What does it look like?
-
-The [User Guide] for mdBook has been written in Markdown and is using mdBook to
-generate the online book-like website you can read. The documentation uses the
-latest version on GitHub and showcases the available features.
-
-## Installation
-
-There are multiple ways to install mdBook.
-
-1. **Binaries**
-
-   Binaries are available for download [here][releases]. Make sure to put the
-   path to the binary into your `PATH`.
-
-2. **From Crates.io**
-
-   This requires at least [Rust] 1.20 and Cargo to be installed. Once you have installed
-   Rust, type the following in the terminal:
-
-   ```
-   cargo install mdbook
-   ```
-
-   This will download and compile mdBook for you, the only thing left to do is
-   to add the Cargo bin directory to your `PATH`.
-
-   **Note for automatic deployment**
-
-   If you are using a script to do automatic deployments using Travis or
-   another CI server, we recommend that you specify a semver version range for
-   mdBook when you install it through your script!
-
-   This will constrain the server to install the latests **non-breaking**
-   version of mdBook and will prevent your books from failing to build because
-   we released a new version. For example:
-
-   ```
-   cargo install mdbook --vers "^0.1.0"
-   ```
-
-3. **From Git**  
-
-   The version published to crates.io will ever so slightly be behind the
-   version hosted here on GitHub. If you need the latest version you can build
-   the git version of mdBook yourself. Cargo makes this ***super easy***!
-
-   ```
-   cargo install --git https://github.com/rust-lang-nursery/mdBook.git mdbook
-   ```
-
-   Again, make sure to add the Cargo bin directory to your `PATH`.
-
-4. **For Contributions**  
-
-   If you want to contribute to mdBook you will have to clone the repository on
-   your local machine:
-
-   ```
-   git clone https://github.com/rust-lang-nursery/mdBook.git
-   ```
-
-   `cd` into `mdBook/` and run
-
-   ```
-   cargo build
-   ```
-
-   The resulting binary can be found in `mdBook/target/debug/` under the name
-   `mdBook` or `mdBook.exe`.
-
-
-## Usage
-
-mdBook will primarily be used as a command line tool, even though it exposes
-all its functionality as a Rust crate for integration in other projects.
-
-Here are the main commands you will want to run. For a more exhaustive
-explanation, check out the [User Guide].
-
-- `mdbook init`
-
-    The init command will create a directory with the minimal boilerplate to
-    start with.
-
-    ```
-    book-test/
-    ├── book
-    └── src
-        ├── chapter_1.md
-        └── SUMMARY.md
-    ```
-
-    `book` and `src` are both directories. `src` contains the markdown files
-    that will be used to render the output to the `book` directory.
-
-    Please, take a look at the [CLI docs] for more information and some neat tricks.
-
-- `mdbook build`
-
-    This is the command you will run to render your book, it reads the
-    `SUMMARY.md` file to understand the structure of your book, takes the
-    markdown files in the source directory as input and outputs static html
-    pages that you can upload to a server.
-
-- `mdbook watch`
-
-    When you run this command, mdbook will watch your markdown files to rebuild
-    the book on every change. This avoids having to come back to the terminal
-    to type `mdbook build` over and over again.
-
-- `mdbook serve`
-
-    Does the same thing as `mdbook watch` but additionally serves the book at
-    `http://localhost:3000` (port is changeable) and reloads the browser when a
-    change occurs.
-
-- `mdbook clean`
-
-    Delete directory in which generated book is located.
-
-
-### As a library
-
-Aside from the command line interface, this crate can also be used as a
-library. This means that you could integrate it in an existing project, like a
-web-app for example. Since the command line interface is just a wrapper around
-the library functionality, when you use this crate as a library you have full
-access to all the functionality of the command line interface with an easy to
-use API and more!
-
-See the [User Guide] and the [API docs] for more information.
-
-## Contributions
-
-Contributions are highly appreciated and encouraged! Don't hesitate to
-participate to discussions in the issues, propose new features and ask for
-help.
-
-If you are just starting out with Rust, there are a series of issus that are
-tagged [E-Easy] and **we will gladly mentor you** so that you can successfully
-go through the process of fixing a bug or adding a new feature! Let us know if
-you need any help.
-
-For more info about contributing, check out our [contribution guide] who helps
-you go through the build and contribution process!
-
-There is also a [rendered version][master-docs] of the latest API docs
-available, for those hacking on `master`.
-
+If you are interested in contributing to the development of mdBook, check out the [Contribution Guide].
 
 ## License
 
 All the code in this repository is released under the ***Mozilla Public License v2.0***, for more information take a look at the [LICENSE] file.
 
-
-[User Guide]: https://rust-lang-nursery.github.io/mdBook/
-[API docs]: https://docs.rs/mdbook/*/mdbook/
-[E-Easy]: https://github.com/rust-lang-nursery/mdBook/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3AE-Easy
-[contribution guide]: https://github.com/rust-lang-nursery/mdBook/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md
-[LICENSE]: https://github.com/rust-lang-nursery/mdBook/blob/master/LICENSE
-[releases]: https://github.com/rust-lang-nursery/mdBook/releases
-[Rust]: https://www.rust-lang.org/
-[CLI docs]: http://rust-lang-nursery.github.io/mdBook/cli/init.html
-[master-docs]: http://rust-lang-nursery.github.io/mdBook/mdbook/
+[User Guide]: https://rust-lang.github.io/mdBook/
+[contribution guide]: https://github.com/rust-lang/mdBook/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md
+[LICENSE]: https://github.com/rust-lang/mdBook/blob/master/LICENSE

appveyor.yml

@@ -1,64 +0,0 @@
-environment:
-  global:
-    PROJECT_NAME: mdBook
-  matrix:
-    # Stable channel
-    - TARGET: i686-pc-windows-msvc
-      RUST_CHANNEL: stable
-    - TARGET: x86_64-pc-windows-msvc
-      RUST_CHANNEL: stable
-    # Beta channel
-    - TARGET: i686-pc-windows-msvc
-      RUST_CHANNEL: beta
-    - TARGET: x86_64-pc-windows-msvc
-      RUST_CHANNEL: beta
-    # Nightly channel
-    - TARGET: i686-pc-windows-msvc
-      RUST_CHANNEL: nightly
-    - TARGET: x86_64-pc-windows-msvc
-      RUST_CHANNEL: nightly
-
-# Install Rust and Cargo
-install:
-  - ps: >-
-      If ($Env:TARGET -eq 'x86_64-pc-windows-gnu') {
-        $Env:PATH += ';C:\msys64\mingw64\bin'
-      } ElseIf ($Env:TARGET -eq 'i686-pc-windows-gnu') {
-        $Env:PATH += ';C:\msys64\mingw32\bin'
-      }
-  - curl -sSf -o rustup-init.exe https://win.rustup.rs/
-  - rustup-init.exe -y --default-host %TARGET% --default-toolchain %RUST_CHANNEL%
-  - set PATH=%PATH%;C:\Users\appveyor\.cargo\bin
-  - rustc -Vv
-  - cargo -V
-
-build: false
-
-# Equivalent to Travis' `script` phase
-test_script:
-  - cargo test --all
-  - cargo test --all --no-default-features
-
-before_deploy:
-  # Generate artifacts for release
-  - cargo rustc --bin mdbook --release -- -C lto
-  - mkdir staging
-  - copy target\release\mdbook.exe staging
-  - cd staging
-  - 7z a ../%PROJECT_NAME%-%APPVEYOR_REPO_TAG_NAME%-%TARGET%.zip *
-  - appveyor PushArtifact ../%PROJECT_NAME%-%APPVEYOR_REPO_TAG_NAME%-%TARGET%.zip
-
-deploy:
-  description: 'Windows release'
-  artifact: /.*\.zip/
-  auth_token:
-    secure: QQhjKVyz7mpjlyGhlXytbFQQfKFQWTahHkD+B0NzIUoEVqO7ZLWjnoWasvLqW4nE
-  provider: GitHub
-  on:
-    RUST_CHANNEL: stable
-    appveyor_repo_tag: true
-
-branches:
-  only:
-    - master
-    - /^v\d+\.\d+\.\d+.*$/

book-example/book.toml

@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-[book]
-title = "mdBook Documentation"
-description = "Create book from markdown files. Like Gitbook but implemented in Rust"
-authors = ["Mathieu David", "Michael-F-Bryan"]
-
-[output.html]
-mathjax-support = true
-
-[output.html.playpen]
-editable = true
-
-[output.html.search]
-limit-results = 20
-use-boolean-and = true
-boost-title = 2
-boost-hierarchy = 2
-boost-paragraph = 1
-expand = true
-heading-split-level = 2

book-example/src/README.md

@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-# mdBook
-
-**mdBook** is a command line tool and Rust crate to create books using Markdown
-files. It's very similar to Gitbook but written in
-[Rust](http://www.rust-lang.org).
-
-What you are reading serves as an example of the output of mdBook and at the
-same time as a high-level documentation.
-
-mdBook is free and open source, you can find the source code on
-[GitHub](https://github.com/rust-lang-nursery/mdBook). Issues and feature
-requests can be posted on the [GitHub issue
-tracker](https://github.com/rust-lang-nursery/mdBook/issues).
-
-## API docs
-
-Alongside this book you can also read the [API
-docs](https://docs.rs/mdbook/*/mdbook/) generated by Rustdoc if you would like
-to use mdBook as a crate or write a new renderer and need a more low-level
-overview.
-
-## License
-
-mdBook, all the source code, is released under the [Mozilla Public License
-v2.0](https://www.mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/).

book-example/src/cli/README.md

@@ -1,55 +0,0 @@
-# Command Line Tool
-
-mdBook can be used either as a command line tool or a [Rust
-crate](https://crates.io/crates/mdbook). Let's focus on the command line tool
-capabilities first.
-
-## Install From Binaries
-
-Precompiled binaries are provided for major platforms on a best-effort basis.
-Visit [the releases page](https://github.com/rust-lang-nursery/mdBook/releases)
-to download the appropriate version for your platform.
-
-## Install From Source
-
-mdBook can also be installed from source
-
-### Pre-requisite
-
-mdBook is written in **[Rust](https://www.rust-lang.org/)** and therefore needs
-to be compiled with **Cargo**. If you haven't already installed Rust, please go
-ahead and [install it](https://www.rust-lang.org/downloads.html) now.
-
-### Install Crates.io version
-
-Installing mdBook is relatively easy if you already have Rust and Cargo
-installed. You just have to type this snippet in your terminal:
-
-```bash
-cargo install mdbook
-```
-
-This will fetch the source code for the latest release from
-[Crates.io](https://crates.io/) and compile it. You will have to add Cargo's
-`bin` directory to your `PATH`.
-
-Run `mdbook help` in your terminal to verify if it works. Congratulations, you
-have installed mdBook!
-
-
-### Install Git version
-
-The **[git version](https://github.com/rust-lang-nursery/mdBook)** contains all
-the latest bug-fixes and features, that will be released in the next version on
-**Crates.io**, if you can't wait until the next release. You can build the git
-version yourself. Open your terminal and navigate to the directory of you
-choice. We need to clone the git repository and then build it with Cargo.
-
-```bash
-git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/rust-lang-nursery/mdBook.git
-cd mdBook
-cargo build --release
-```
-
-The executable `mdbook` will be in the `./target/release` folder, this should be
-added to the path.

book-example/src/cli/serve.md

@@ -1,49 +0,0 @@
-# The serve command
-
-The serve command is used to preview a book by serving it over HTTP at
-`localhost:3000` by default. Additionally it watches the book's directory for
-changes, rebuilding the book and refreshing clients for each change. A websocket
-connection is used to trigger the client-side refresh.
-
-#### Specify a directory
-
-The `serve` command can take a directory as an argument to use as the book's
-root instead of the current working directory.
-
-```bash
-mdbook serve path/to/book
-```
-
-#### Server options
-
-`serve` has four options: the HTTP port, the WebSocket port, the HTTP hostname
-to listen on, and the hostname for the browser to connect to for WebSockets.
-
-For example: suppose you have an nginx server for SSL termination which has a
-public address of 192.168.1.100 on port 80 and proxied that to 127.0.0.1 on port
-8000\. To run use the nginx proxy do:
-
-```bash
-mdbook serve path/to/book -p 8000 -n 127.0.0.1 --websocket-hostname 192.168.1.100
-```
-
-If you were to want live reloading for this you would need to proxy the
-websocket calls through nginx as well from `192.168.1.100:<WS_PORT>` to
-`127.0.0.1:<WS_PORT>`. The `-w` flag allows for the websocket port to be
-configured.
-
-#### --open
-
-When you use the `--open` (`-o`) flag, mdbook will open the book in your your
-default web browser after starting the server.
-
-#### --dest-dir
-
-The `--dest-dir` (`-d`) option allows you to change the output directory for the
-book. If not specified it will default to the value of the `build.build-dir` key
-in `book.toml`, or to `./book` relative to the book's root directory.
-
------
-
-***Note:*** *The `serve` command is for testing, and is not intended to be a
-complete HTTP server for a website.*

book-example/src/cli/watch.md

@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-# The watch command
-
-The `watch` command is useful when you want your book to be rendered on every
-file change. You could repeatedly issue `mdbook build` every time a file is
-changed. But using `mdbook watch` once will watch your files and will trigger a
-build automatically whenever you modify a file.
-
-#### Specify a directory
-
-The `watch` command can take a directory as an argument to use as the book's
-root instead of the current working directory.
-
-```bash
-mdbook watch path/to/book
-```
-
-#### --open
-
-When you use the `--open` (`-o`) option, mdbook will open the rendered book in
-your default web browser.
-
-#### --dest-dir
-
-The `--dest-dir` (`-d`) option allows you to change the output directory for the
-book. If not specified it will default to the value of the `build.build-dir` key
-in `book.toml`, or to `./book` relative to the book's root directory.

book-example/src/continuous-integration.md

@@ -1,56 +0,0 @@
-# Running `mdbook` in Continuous Integration
-
-While the following examples use Travis CI, their principles should
-straightforwardly transfer to other continuous integration providers as well.
-
-## Ensuring Your Book Builds and Tests Pass
-
-Here is a sample Travis CI `.travis.yml` configuration that ensures `mdbook
-build` and `mdbook test` run successfully. The key to fast CI turnaround times
-is caching `mdbook` installs, so that you aren't compiling `mdbook` on every CI
-run.
-
-```yaml
-language: rust
-sudo: false
-
-cache:
-  - cargo
-
-rust:
-  - stable
-
-before_script:
-  - (test -x $HOME/.cargo/bin/cargo-install-update || cargo install cargo-update)
-  - (test -x $HOME/.cargo/bin/mdbook || cargo install --vers "^0.1" mdbook)
-  - cargo install-update -a
-
-script:
-  - cd path/to/mybook && mdbook build && mdbook test
-```
-
-## Deploying Your Book to GitHub Pages
-
-Following these instructions will result in your book being published to GitHub
-pages after a successful CI run on your repository's `master` branch.
-
-First, create a new GitHub "Personal Access Token" with the "public_repo"
-permissions (or "repo" for private repositories). Go to your repository's Travis
-CI settings page and add an environment variable named `GITHUB_TOKEN` that is
-marked secure and *not* shown in the logs.
-
-Then, append this snippet to your `.travis.yml` and update the path to the
-`book` directory:
-
-```yaml
-deploy:
-  provider: pages
-  skip-cleanup: true
-  github-token: $GITHUB_TOKEN
-  local-dir: path/to/mybook/book
-  keep-history: false
-  on:
-    branch: master
-```
-
-That's it!

book-example/src/for_developers/preprocessors.md

@@ -1,109 +0,0 @@
-# Preprocessors
-
-A *preprocessor* is simply a bit of code which gets run immediately after the
-book is loaded and before it gets rendered, allowing you to update and mutate
-the book. Possible use cases are:
-
-- Creating custom helpers like `\{{#include /path/to/file.md}}`
-- Updating links so `[some chapter](some_chapter.md)` is automatically changed
-  to `[some chapter](some_chapter.html)` for the HTML renderer
-- Substituting in latex-style expressions (`$$ \frac{1}{3} $$`) with their
-  mathjax equivalents
-
-
-## Implementing a Preprocessor
-
-A preprocessor is represented by the `Preprocessor` trait.
-
-```rust
-pub trait Preprocessor {
-    fn name(&self) -> &str;
-    fn run(&self, ctx: &PreprocessorContext, book: Book) -> Result<Book>;
-    fn supports_renderer(&self, _renderer: &str) -> bool {
-        true
-    }
-}
-```
-
-Where the `PreprocessorContext` is defined as
-
-```rust
-pub struct PreprocessorContext {
-    pub root: PathBuf,
-    pub config: Config,
-    /// The `Renderer` this preprocessor is being used with.
-    pub renderer: String,
-}
-```
-
-The `renderer` value allows you react accordingly, for example, PDF or HTML.
-
-## A complete Example
-
-The magic happens within the `run(...)` method of the
-[`Preprocessor`][preprocessor-docs] trait implementation.
-
-As direct access to the chapters is not possible, you will probably end up
-iterating them using `for_each_mut(...)`:
-
-```rust
-book.for_each_mut(|item: &mut BookItem| {
-    if let BookItem::Chapter(ref mut chapter) = *item {
-      eprintln!("{}: processing chapter '{}'", self.name(), chapter.name);
-      res = Some(
-          match Deemphasize::remove_emphasis(&mut num_removed_items, chapter) {
-              Ok(md) => {
-                  chapter.content = md;
-                  Ok(())
-              }
-              Err(err) => Err(err),
-          },
-      );
-  }
-});
-```
-
-The `chapter.content` is just a markdown formatted string, and you will have to
-process it in some way. Even though it's entirely possible to implement some
-sort of manual find & replace operation, if that feels too unsafe you can use
-[`pulldown-cmark`][pc] to parse the string into events and work on them instead.
-
-Finally you can use [`pulldown-cmark-to-cmark`][pctc] to transform these events
-back to a string.
-
-The following code block shows how to remove all emphasis from markdown, and do
-so safely.
-
-```rust
-fn remove_emphasis(
-    num_removed_items: &mut usize,
-    chapter: &mut Chapter,
-) -> Result<String> {
-    let mut buf = String::with_capacity(chapter.content.len());
-
-    let events = Parser::new(&chapter.content).filter(|e| {
-        let should_keep = match *e {
-            Event::Start(Tag::Emphasis)
-            | Event::Start(Tag::Strong)
-            | Event::End(Tag::Emphasis)
-            | Event::End(Tag::Strong) => false,
-            _ => true,
-        };
-        if !should_keep {
-            *num_removed_items += 1;
-        }
-        should_keep
-    });
-
-    cmark(events, &mut buf, None).map(|_| buf).map_err(|err| {
-        Error::from(format!("Markdown serialization failed: {}", err))
-    })
-}
-```
-
-For everything else, have a look [at the complete example][example].
-
-[preprocessor-docs]: https://docs.rs/mdbook/latest/mdbook/preprocess/trait.Preprocessor.html
-[pc]: https://crates.io/crates/pulldown-cmark
-[pctc]: https://crates.io/crates/pulldown-cmark-to-cmark
-[example]: https://github.com/rust-lang-nursery/mdBook/blob/master/examples/de-emphasize.rs

book-example/src/format/config.md

@@ -1,259 +0,0 @@
-# Configuration
-
-You can configure the parameters for your book in the ***book.toml*** file.
-
-Here is an example of what a ***book.toml*** file might look like:
-
-```toml
-[book]
-title = "Example book"
-author = "John Doe"
-description = "The example book covers examples."
-
-[build]
-build-dir = "my-example-book"
-create-missing = false
-
-[preprocess.index]
-
-[preprocess.links]
-
-[output.html]
-additional-css = ["custom.css"]
-
-[output.html.search]
-limit-results = 15
-```
-
-## Supported configuration options
-
-It is important to note that **any** relative path specified in the in the
-configuration will always be taken relative from the root of the book where the
-configuration file is located.
-
-### General metadata
-
-This is general information about your book.
-
-- **title:** The title of the book
-- **authors:** The author(s) of the book
-- **description:** A description for the book, which is added as meta
-  information in the html `<head>` of each page
-- **src:** By default, the source directory is found in the directory named
-  `src` directly under the root folder. But this is configurable with the `src`
-  key in the configuration file.
-
-**book.toml**
-```toml
-[book]
-title = "Example book"
-authors = ["John Doe", "Jane Doe"]
-description = "The example book covers examples."
-src = "my-src"  # the source files will be found in `root/my-src` instead of `root/src`
-```
-
-### Build options
-
-This controls the build process of your book.
-
-- **build-dir:** The directory to put the rendered book in. By default this is
-  `book/` in the book's root directory.
-- **create-missing:** By default, any missing files specified in `SUMMARY.md`
-  will be created when the book is built (i.e. `create-missing = true`). If this
-  is `false` then the build process will instead exit with an error if any files
-  do not exist.
-- **use-default-preprocessors:** Disable the default preprocessors of (`links` &
-  `index`) by setting this option to `false`.
-
-  If you have the same, and/or other preprocessors declared via their table
-  of configuration, they will run instead.
-
-  - For clarity, with no preprocessor configuration, the default `links` and 
-    `index` will run.
-  - Setting `use-default-preprocessors = false` will disable these
-    default preprocessors from running.
-  - Adding `[preprocessor.links]`, for example, will ensure, regardless of 
-    `use-default-preprocessors` that `links` it will run.
-
-## Configuring Preprocessors
-
-The following preprocessors are available and included by default:
-
-- `links`: Expand the `{{ #playpen }}` and `{{ #include }}` handlebars helpers in
-  a chapter to include the contents of a file.
-- `index`: Convert all chapter files named `README.md` into `index.md`. That is
-  to say, all `README.md` would be rendered to an index file `index.html` in the
-  rendered book.
-
-
-**book.toml**
-```toml
-[build]
-build-dir = "build"
-create-missing = false
-
-[preprocess.links]
-
-[preprocess.index]
-```
-
-### Custom Preprocessor Configuration
-
-Like renderers, preprocessor will need to be given its own table (e.g. `[preprocessor.mathjax]`). 
-In the section, you may then pass extra configuration to the preprocessor by adding key-value pairs to the table.
-
-For example
-
-```
-[preprocess.links]
-# set the renderers this preprocessor will run for
-renderers = ["html"]
-some_extra_feature = true
-```
-
-#### Locking a Preprocessor dependency to a renderer
-
-You can explicitly specify that a preprocessor should run for a renderer by binding the two together.
-
-```
-[preprocessor.mathjax]
-renderers = ["html"]  # mathjax only makes sense with the HTML renderer
-```
-
-## Configuring Renderers
-
-### HTML renderer options
-
-The HTML renderer has a couple of options as well. All the options for the
-renderer need to be specified under the TOML table `[output.html]`.
-
-The following configuration options are available:
-
-- **theme:** mdBook comes with a default theme and all the resource files needed
-  for it. But if this option is set, mdBook will selectively overwrite the theme
-  files with the ones found in the specified folder.
-- **curly-quotes:** Convert straight quotes to curly quotes, except for those
-  that occur in code blocks and code spans. Defaults to `false`.
-- **google-analytics:** If you use Google Analytics, this option lets you enable
-  it by simply specifying your ID in the configuration file.
-- **additional-css:** If you need to slightly change the appearance of your book
-  without overwriting the whole style, you can specify a set of stylesheets that
-  will be loaded after the default ones where you can surgically change the
-  style.
-- **additional-js:** If you need to add some behaviour to your book without
-  removing the current behaviour, you can specify a set of JavaScript files that
-  will be loaded alongside the default one.
-- **no-section-label:** mdBook by defaults adds section label in table of
-  contents column. For example, "1.", "2.1". Set this option to true to disable
-  those labels. Defaults to `false`.
-- **playpen:** A subtable for configuring various playpen settings.
-- **search:** A subtable for configuring the in-browser search functionality.
-  mdBook must be compiled with the `search` feature enabled (on by default).
-
-Available configuration options for the `[output.html.playpen]` table:
-
-- **editable:** Allow editing the source code. Defaults to `false`.
-- **copy-js:** Copy JavaScript files for the editor to the output directory.
-  Defaults to `true`.
-
-[Ace]: https://ace.c9.io/
-
-Available configuration options for the `[output.html.search]` table:
-
-- **enable:** Enables the search feature. Defaults to `true`.
-- **limit-results:** The maximum number of search results. Defaults to `30`.
-- **teaser-word-count:** The number of words used for a search result teaser.
-  Defaults to `30`.
-- **use-boolean-and:** Define the logical link between multiple search words. If
-  true, all search words must appear in each result. Defaults to `true`.
-- **boost-title:** Boost factor for the search result score if a search word
-  appears in the header. Defaults to `2`.
-- **boost-hierarchy:** Boost factor for the search result score if a search word
-  appears in the hierarchy. The hierarchy contains all titles of the parent
-  documents and all parent headings. Defaults to `1`.
-- **boost-paragraph:** Boost factor for the search result score if a search word
-  appears in the text. Defaults to `1`.
-- **expand:** True if search should match longer results e.g. search `micro`
-  should match `microwave`. Defaults to `true`.
-- **heading-split-level:** Search results will link to a section of the document
-  which contains the result. Documents are split into sections by headings this
-  level or less. Defaults to `3`. (`### This is a level 3 heading`)
-- **copy-js:** Copy JavaScript files for the search implementation to the output
-  directory. Defaults to `true`.
-
-This shows all available options in the **book.toml**:
-```toml
-[book]
-title = "Example book"
-authors = ["John Doe", "Jane Doe"]
-description = "The example book covers examples."
-
-[build]
-build-dir = "book"
-create-missing = true
-preprocess = ["links", "index"]
-
-[output.html]
-theme = "my-theme"
-curly-quotes = true
-google-analytics = "123456"
-additional-css = ["custom.css", "custom2.css"]
-additional-js = ["custom.js"]
-
-[output.html.playpen]
-editor = "./path/to/editor"
-editable = false
-
-[output.html.search]
-enable = true
-searcher = "./path/to/searcher"
-limit-results = 30
-teaser-word-count = 30
-use-boolean-and = true
-boost-title = 2
-boost-hierarchy = 1
-boost-paragraph = 1
-expand = true
-heading-split-level = 3
-copy-js = true
-```
-
-
-## Environment Variables
-
-All configuration values can be overridden from the command line by setting the
-corresponding environment variable. Because many operating systems restrict
-environment variables to be alphanumeric characters or `_`, the configuration
-key needs to be formatted slightly differently to the normal `foo.bar.baz` form.
-
-Variables starting with `MDBOOK_` are used for configuration. The key is created
-by removing the `MDBOOK_` prefix and turning the resulting string into
-`kebab-case`. Double underscores (`__`) separate nested keys, while a single
-underscore (`_`) is replaced with a dash (`-`).
-
-For example:
-
-- `MDBOOK_foo` -> `foo`
-- `MDBOOK_FOO` -> `foo`
-- `MDBOOK_FOO__BAR` -> `foo.bar`
-- `MDBOOK_FOO_BAR` -> `foo-bar`
-- `MDBOOK_FOO_bar__baz` -> `foo-bar.baz`
-
-So by setting the `MDBOOK_BOOK__TITLE` environment variable you can override the
-book's title without needing to touch your `book.toml`.
-
-> **Note:** To facilitate setting more complex config items, the value of an
-> environment variable is first parsed as JSON, falling back to a string if the
-> parse fails.
->
-> This means, if you so desired, you could override all book metadata when
-> building the book with something like
->
-> ```text
-> $ export MDBOOK_BOOK="{'title': 'My Awesome Book', authors: ['Michael-F-Bryan']}"
-> $ mdbook build
-> ```
-
-The latter case may be useful in situations where `mdbook` is invoked from a
-script or CI, where it sometimes isn't possible to update the `book.toml` before
-building.

book-example/src/format/mdbook.md

@@ -1,74 +0,0 @@
-# mdBook-specific markdown
-
-## Hiding code lines
-
-There is a feature in mdBook that lets you hide code lines by prepending them
-with a `#`.
-
-```bash
-# fn main() {
-    let x = 5;
-    let y = 6;
-
-    println!("{}", x + y);
-# }
-```
-
-Will render as
-
-```rust
-# fn main() {
-    let x = 5;
-    let y = 7;
-
-    println!("{}", x + y);
-# }
-```
-
-## Including files
-
-With the following syntax, you can include files into your book:
-
-```hbs
-\{{#include file.rs}}
-```
-
-The path to the file has to be relative from the current source file.
-
-Usually, this command is used for including code snippets and examples. In this
-case, oftens one would include a specific part of the file e.g. which only
-contains the relevant lines for the example. We support four different modes of
-partial includes:
-
-```hbs
-\{{#include file.rs:2}}
-\{{#include file.rs::10}}
-\{{#include file.rs:2:}}
-\{{#include file.rs:2:10}}
-```
-
-The first command only includes the second line from file `file.rs`. The second
-command includes all lines up to line 10, i.e. the lines from 11 till the end of
-the file are omitted. The third command includes all lines from line 2, i.e. the
-first line is omitted. The last command includes the excerpt of `file.rs`
-consisting of lines 2 to 10.
-
-## Inserting runnable Rust files
-
-With the following syntax, you can insert runnable Rust files into your book:
-
-```hbs
-\{{#playpen file.rs}}
-```
-
-The path to the Rust file has to be relative from the current source file.
-
-When play is clicked, the code snippet will be sent to the [Rust Playpen] to be
-compiled and run. The result is sent back and displayed directly underneath the
-code.
-
-Here is what a rendered code snippet looks like:
-
-{{#playpen example.rs}}
-
-[Rust Playpen]: https://play.rust-lang.org/

book-example/src/format/summary.md

@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-# SUMMARY.md
-
-The summary file is used by mdBook to know what chapters to include, in what
-order they should appear, what their hierarchy is and where the source files
-are. Without this file, there is no book.
-
-Even though `SUMMARY.md` is a markdown file, the formatting is very strict to
-allow for easy parsing. Let's see how you should format your `SUMMARY.md` file.
-
-#### Allowed elements
-
-1. ***Title*** It's common practice to begin with a title, generally <code
-   class="language-markdown"># Summary</code>. But it is not mandatory, the
-   parser just ignores it. So you can too if you feel like it.
-
-2. ***Prefix Chapter*** Before the main numbered chapters you can add a couple
-   of elements that will not be numbered. This is useful for forewords,
-   introductions, etc. There are however some constraints. You can not nest
-   prefix chapters, they should all be on the root level. And you can not add
-   prefix chapters once you have added numbered chapters.
-   ```markdown
-   [Title of prefix element](relative/path/to/markdown.md)
-   ```
-
-3. ***Numbered Chapter*** Numbered chapters are the main content of the book,
-   they will be numbered and can be nested, resulting in a nice hierarchy
-   (chapters, sub-chapters, etc.)
-   ```markdown
-   - [Title of the Chapter](relative/path/to/markdown.md)
-   ```
-   You can either use `-` or `*` to indicate a numbered chapter.
-
-4. ***Suffix Chapter*** After the numbered chapters you can add a couple of
-   non-numbered chapters. They are the same as prefix chapters but come after
-   the numbered chapters instead of before.
-
-All other elements are unsupported and will be ignored at best or result in an
-error.

book-example/src/format/theme/README.md

@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-# Theme
-
-The default renderer uses a [handlebars](http://handlebarsjs.com/) template to
-render your markdown files and comes with a default theme included in the mdBook
-binary.
-
-The theme is totally customizable, you can selectively replace every file from
-the theme by your own by adding a `theme` directory next to `src` folder in your
-project root. Create a new file with the name of the file you want to override
-and now that file will be used instead of the default file.
-
-Here are the files you can override:
-
-- ***index.hbs*** is the handlebars template.
-- ***book.css*** is the style used in the output. If you want to change the
-  design of your book, this is probably the file you want to modify. Sometimes
-  in conjunction with `index.hbs` when you want to radically change the layout.
-- ***book.js*** is mostly used to add client side functionality, like hiding /
-  un-hiding the sidebar, changing the theme, ...
-- ***highlight.js*** is the JavaScript that is used to highlight code snippets,
-  you should not need to modify this.  
-- ***highlight.css*** is the theme used for the code highlighting
-- ***favicon.png*** the favicon that will be used
-
-Generally, when you want to tweak the theme, you don't need to override all the
-files. If you only need changes in the stylesheet, there is no point in
-overriding all the other files. Because custom files take precedence over
-built-in ones, they will not get updated with new fixes / features.
-
-**Note:** When you override a file, it is possible that you break some
-functionality. Therefore I recommend to use the file from the default theme as
-template and only add / modify what you need. You can copy the default theme
-into your source directory automatically by using `mdbook init --theme` just
-remove the files you don't want to override.

book-example/src/format/theme/index-hbs.md

@@ -1,97 +0,0 @@
-# index.hbs
-
-`index.hbs` is the handlebars template that is used to render the book. The
-markdown files are processed to html and then injected in that template.
-
-If you want to change the layout or style of your book, chances are that you
-will have to modify this template a little bit. Here is what you need to know.
-
-## Data
-
-A lot of data is exposed to the handlebars template with the "context". In the
-handlebars template you can access this information by using
-
-```handlebars
-{{name_of_property}}
-```
-
-Here is a list of the properties that are exposed:
-
-- ***language*** Language of the book in the form `en`. To use in <code
-  class="language-html">\<html lang="{{ language }}"></code> for example. At the
-  moment it is hardcoded.
-- ***title*** Title of the book, as specified in `book.toml`
-- ***chapter_title*** Title of the current chapter, as listed in `SUMMARY.md`
-
-- ***path*** Relative path to the original markdown file from the source
-  directory
-- ***content*** This is the rendered markdown.
-- ***path_to_root*** This is a path containing exclusively `../`'s that points
-  to the root of the book from the current file. Since the original directory
-  structure is maintained, it is useful to prepend relative links with this
-  `path_to_root`.
-
-- ***chapters*** Is an array of dictionaries of the form
-  ```json
-  {"section": "1.2.1", "name": "name of this chapter", "path": "dir/markdown.md"}
-  ```
-  containing all the chapters of the book. It is used for example to construct
-  the table of contents (sidebar).
-
-## Handlebars Helpers
-
-In addition to the properties you can access, there are some handlebars helpers
-at your disposal.
-
-### 1. toc
-
-    The toc helper is used like this
-
-    ```handlebars
-    {{#toc}}{{/toc}}
-    ```
-
-    and outputs something that looks like this, depending on the structure of your book
-
-    ```html
-    <ul class="chapter">
-        <li><a href="link/to/file.html">Some chapter</a></li>
-        <li>
-            <ul class="section">
-                <li><a href="link/to/other_file.html">Some other Chapter</a></li>
-            </ul>
-        </li>
-    </ul>
-    ```
-
-    If you would like to make a toc with another structure, you have access to the chapters property containing all the data.
-    The only limitation at the moment is that you would have to do it with JavaScript instead of with a handlebars helper.
-
-    ```html
-    <script>
-    var chapters = {{chapters}};
-    // Processing here
-    </script>
-    ```
-
-### 2. previous / next
-
-    The previous and next helpers expose a `link` and `name` property to the previous and next chapters.
-
-    They are used like this
-
-    ```handlebars
-    {{#previous}}
-        <a href="{{link}}" class="nav-chapters previous">
-            <i class="fa fa-angle-left"></i>
-        </a>
-    {{/previous}}
-    ```
-
-    The inner html will only be rendered if the previous / next chapter exists.
-    Of course the inner html can be changed to your liking.
-
-------
-
-*If you would like other properties or helpers exposed, please [create a new
-issue](https://github.com/rust-lang-nursery/mdBook/issues)*

book-example/src/format/theme/syntax-highlighting.md

@@ -1,70 +0,0 @@
-# Syntax Highlighting
-
-For syntax highlighting I use [Highlight.js](https://highlightjs.org) with a
-custom theme.
-
-Automatic language detection has been turned off, so you will probably want to
-specify the programming language you use like this
-
-<pre><code class="language-markdown">```rust
-fn main() {
-    // Some code
-}
-```</code></pre>
-
-## Custom theme
-Like the rest of the theme, the files used for syntax highlighting can be
-overridden with your own.
-
-- ***highlight.js*** normally you shouldn't have to overwrite this file, unless
-  you want to use a more recent version.
-- ***highlight.css*** theme used by highlight.js for syntax highlighting.
-
-If you want to use another theme for `highlight.js` download it from their
-website, or make it yourself, rename it to `highlight.css` and put it in
-`src/theme` (or the equivalent if you changed your source folder)
-
-Now your theme will be used instead of the default theme.
-
-## Hiding code lines
-
-There is a feature in mdBook that lets you hide code lines by prepending them
-with a `#`.
-
-
-```bash
-# fn main() {
-    let x = 5;
-    let y = 6;
-
-    println!("{}", x + y);
-# }
-```
-
-Will render as
-
-```rust
-# fn main() {
-    let x = 5;
-    let y = 7;
-
-    println!("{}", x + y);
-# }
-```
-
-**At the moment, this only works for code examples that are annotated with
-`rust`. Because it would collide with semantics of some programming languages.
-In the future, we want to make this configurable through the `book.toml` so that
-everyone can benefit from it.**
-
-
-## Improve default theme
-
-If you think the default theme doesn't look quite right for a specific language,
-or could be improved. Feel free to [submit a new
-issue](https://github.com/rust-lang-nursery/mdBook/issues) explaining what you
-have in mind and I will take a look at it.
-
-You could also create a pull-request with the proposed improvements.
-
-Overall the theme should be light and sober, without to many flashy colors.

book-example/src/misc/introduction.md

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-# Introduction
-
-A frontmatter chapter.

ci/before_deploy.sh

@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-# This script takes care of building your crate and packaging it for release
-
-set -ex
-
-main() {
-    local src=$(pwd) \
-          stage=
-
-    case $TRAVIS_OS_NAME in
-        linux)
-            stage=$(mktemp -d)
-            ;;
-        osx)
-            stage=$(mktemp -d -t tmp)
-            ;;
-    esac
-
-    # This will slow down the build, but is necessary to not run out of disk space
-    cargo clean
-
-    cargo rustc --bin mdbook --target $TARGET --release -- -C lto
-
-    cp target/$TARGET/release/mdbook $stage/
-
-    cd $stage
-    tar czf $src/$CRATE_NAME-$TRAVIS_TAG-$TARGET.tar.gz *
-    cd $src
-
-    rm -rf $stage
-}
-
-main

ci/install-rust.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# Install/update rust.
+# The first argument should be the toolchain to install.
+
+set -ex
+if [ -z "$1" ]
+then
+    echo "First parameter must be toolchain to install."
+    exit 1
+fi
+TOOLCHAIN="$1"
+
+rustup set profile minimal
+rustup component remove --toolchain=$TOOLCHAIN rust-docs || echo "already removed"
+rustup update --no-self-update $TOOLCHAIN
+if [ -n "$2" ]
+then
+    TARGET="$2"
+    HOST=$(rustc -Vv | grep ^host: | sed -e "s/host: //g")
+    if [ "$HOST" != "$TARGET" ]
+    then
+        rustup component add llvm-tools-preview --toolchain=$TOOLCHAIN
+        rustup component add rust-std-$TARGET --toolchain=$TOOLCHAIN
+    fi
+    if [[ $TARGET == *"musl" ]]
+    then
+        # This is needed by libdbus-sys.
+        sudo apt update -y && sudo apt install musl-dev musl-tools -y
+    fi
+    if [[ $TARGET == "aarch64-unknown-linux-musl" ]]
+    then
+        echo CARGO_TARGET_AARCH64_UNKNOWN_LINUX_MUSL_LINKER=rust-lld >> $GITHUB_ENV
+        # This `CC` is some nonsense needed for libdbus-sys (via opener).
+        # I don't know if this is really the right thing to do, but it seems to work.
+        sudo apt install gcc-aarch64-linux-gnu -y
+        echo CC=aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc >> $GITHUB_ENV
+    fi
+fi
+
+rustup default $TOOLCHAIN
+rustup -V
+rustc -Vv
+cargo -V

ci/make-release-asset.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# Builds the release and creates an archive and optionally deploys to GitHub.
+set -ex
+
+if [[ -z "$GITHUB_REF" ]]
+then
+  echo "GITHUB_REF must be set"
+  exit 1
+fi
+# Strip mdbook-refs/tags/ from the start of the ref.
+TAG=${GITHUB_REF#*/tags/}
+
+host=$(rustc -Vv | grep ^host: | sed -e "s/host: //g")
+target=$2
+export CARGO_PROFILE_RELEASE_LTO=true
+cargo build --locked --bin mdbook --release --target $target
+cd target/$target/release
+case $1 in
+  ubuntu*)
+    asset="mdbook-$TAG-$target.tar.gz"
+    tar czf ../../$asset mdbook
+    ;;
+  macos*)
+    asset="mdbook-$TAG-$target.tar.gz"
+    # There is a bug with BSD tar on macOS where the first 8MB of the file are
+    # sometimes all NUL bytes. See https://github.com/actions/cache/issues/403
+    # and https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/issues/8603 for some more
+    # information. An alternative solution here is to install GNU tar, but
+    # flushing the disk cache seems to work, too.
+    sudo /usr/sbin/purge
+    tar czf ../../$asset mdbook
+    ;;
+  windows*)
+    asset="mdbook-$TAG-$target.zip"
+    7z a ../../$asset mdbook.exe
+    ;;
+  *)
+    echo "OS should be first parameter, was: $1"
+    ;;
+esac
+cd ../..
+
+if [[ -z "$GITHUB_ENV" ]]
+then
+  echo "GITHUB_ENV not set, run: gh release upload $TAG target/$asset"
+else
+  echo "MDBOOK_TAG=$TAG" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+  echo "MDBOOK_ASSET=target/$asset" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+fi

examples/de-emphasize.rs

@@ -1,98 +0,0 @@
-//! This program removes all forms of emphasis from the markdown of the book.
-extern crate mdbook;
-extern crate pulldown_cmark;
-extern crate pulldown_cmark_to_cmark;
-
-use mdbook::book::{Book, BookItem, Chapter};
-use mdbook::errors::{Error, Result};
-use mdbook::preprocess::{Preprocessor, PreprocessorContext};
-use mdbook::MDBook;
-use pulldown_cmark::{Event, Parser, Tag};
-use pulldown_cmark_to_cmark::fmt::cmark;
-
-use std::env::{args, args_os};
-use std::ffi::OsString;
-use std::process;
-
-const NAME: &str = "md-links-to-html-links";
-
-fn do_it(book: OsString) -> Result<()> {
-    let mut book = MDBook::load(book)?;
-    book.with_preprecessor(Deemphasize);
-    book.build()
-}
-
-fn main() {
-    if args_os().count() != 2 {
-        eprintln!("USAGE: {} <book>", args().next().expect("executable"));
-        return;
-    }
-    if let Err(e) = do_it(args_os().skip(1).next().expect("one argument")) {
-        eprintln!("{}", e);
-        process::exit(1);
-    }
-}
-
-struct Deemphasize;
-
-impl Preprocessor for Deemphasize {
-    fn name(&self) -> &str {
-        NAME
-    }
-
-    fn run(&self, _ctx: &PreprocessorContext, mut book: Book) -> Result<Book> {
-        eprintln!("Running '{}' preprocessor", self.name());
-        let mut num_removed_items = 0;
-
-        process(&mut book.sections, &mut num_removed_items)?;
-
-        eprintln!(
-            "{}: removed {} events from markdown stream.",
-            self.name(),
-            num_removed_items
-        );
-
-        Ok(book)
-    }
-}
-
-fn process<'a, I>(items: I, num_removed_items: &mut usize) -> Result<()>
-where
-    I: IntoIterator<Item = &'a mut BookItem> + 'a,
-{
-    for item in items {
-        if let BookItem::Chapter(ref mut chapter) = *item {
-            eprintln!("{}: processing chapter '{}'", NAME, chapter.name);
-
-            let md = remove_emphasis(num_removed_items, chapter)?;
-            chapter.content = md;
-        }
-    }
-
-    Ok(())
-}
-
-fn remove_emphasis(
-    num_removed_items: &mut usize,
-    chapter: &mut Chapter,
-) -> Result<String> {
-    let mut buf = String::with_capacity(chapter.content.len());
-
-    let events = Parser::new(&chapter.content).filter(|e| {
-        let should_keep = match *e {
-            Event::Start(Tag::Emphasis)
-            | Event::Start(Tag::Strong)
-            | Event::End(Tag::Emphasis)
-            | Event::End(Tag::Strong) => false,
-            _ => true,
-        };
-        if !should_keep {
-            *num_removed_items += 1;
-        }
-        should_keep
-    });
-
-    cmark(events, &mut buf, None).map(|_| buf).map_err(|err| {
-        Error::from(format!("Markdown serialization failed: {}", err))
-    })
-}

examples/nop-preprocessor.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+use crate::nop_lib::Nop;
+use clap::{Arg, ArgMatches, Command};
+use mdbook::book::Book;
+use mdbook::errors::Error;
+use mdbook::preprocess::{CmdPreprocessor, Preprocessor, PreprocessorContext};
+use semver::{Version, VersionReq};
+use std::io;
+use std::process;
+
+pub fn make_app() -> Command {
+    Command::new("nop-preprocessor")
+        .about("A mdbook preprocessor which does precisely nothing")
+        .subcommand(
+            Command::new("supports")
+                .arg(Arg::new("renderer").required(true))
+                .about("Check whether a renderer is supported by this preprocessor"),
+        )
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    let matches = make_app().get_matches();
+
+    // Users will want to construct their own preprocessor here
+    let preprocessor = Nop::new();
+
+    if let Some(sub_args) = matches.subcommand_matches("supports") {
+        handle_supports(&preprocessor, sub_args);
+    } else if let Err(e) = handle_preprocessing(&preprocessor) {
+        eprintln!("{e:?}");
+        process::exit(1);
+    }
+}
+
+fn handle_preprocessing(pre: &dyn Preprocessor) -> Result<(), Error> {
+    let (ctx, book) = CmdPreprocessor::parse_input(io::stdin())?;
+
+    let book_version = Version::parse(&ctx.mdbook_version)?;
+    let version_req = VersionReq::parse(mdbook::MDBOOK_VERSION)?;
+
+    if !version_req.matches(&book_version) {
+        eprintln!(
+            "Warning: The {} plugin was built against version {} of mdbook, \
+             but we're being called from version {}",
+            pre.name(),
+            mdbook::MDBOOK_VERSION,
+            ctx.mdbook_version
+        );
+    }
+
+    let processed_book = pre.run(&ctx, book)?;
+    serde_json::to_writer(io::stdout(), &processed_book)?;
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn handle_supports(pre: &dyn Preprocessor, sub_args: &ArgMatches) -> ! {
+    let renderer = sub_args
+        .get_one::<String>("renderer")
+        .expect("Required argument");
+    let supported = pre.supports_renderer(renderer);
+
+    // Signal whether the renderer is supported by exiting with 1 or 0.
+    if supported {
+        process::exit(0);
+    } else {
+        process::exit(1);
+    }
+}
+
+/// The actual implementation of the `Nop` preprocessor. This would usually go
+/// in your main `lib.rs` file.
+mod nop_lib {
+    use super::*;
+
+    /// A no-op preprocessor.
+    pub struct Nop;
+
+    impl Nop {
+        pub fn new() -> Nop {
+            Nop
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl Preprocessor for Nop {
+        fn name(&self) -> &str {
+            "nop-preprocessor"
+        }
+
+        fn run(&self, ctx: &PreprocessorContext, book: Book) -> Result<Book, Error> {
+            // In testing we want to tell the preprocessor to blow up by setting a
+            // particular config value
+            if let Some(nop_cfg) = ctx.config.get_preprocessor(self.name()) {
+                if nop_cfg.contains_key("blow-up") {
+                    anyhow::bail!("Boom!!1!");
+                }
+            }
+
+            // we *are* a no-op preprocessor after all
+            Ok(book)
+        }
+
+        fn supports_renderer(&self, renderer: &str) -> bool {
+            renderer != "not-supported"
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(test)]
+    mod test {
+        use super::*;
+
+        #[test]
+        fn nop_preprocessor_run() {
+            let input_json = r##"[
+                {
+                    "root": "/path/to/book",
+                    "config": {
+                        "book": {
+                            "authors": ["AUTHOR"],
+                            "language": "en",
+                            "multilingual": false,
+                            "src": "src",
+                            "title": "TITLE"
+                        },
+                        "preprocessor": {
+                            "nop": {}
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "renderer": "html",
+                    "mdbook_version": "0.4.21"
+                },
+                {
+                    "sections": [
+                        {
+                            "Chapter": {
+                                "name": "Chapter 1",
+                                "content": "# Chapter 1\n",
+                                "number": [1],
+                                "sub_items": [],
+                                "path": "chapter_1.md",
+                                "source_path": "chapter_1.md",
+                                "parent_names": []
+                            }
+                        }
+                    ],
+                    "__non_exhaustive": null
+                }
+            ]"##;
+            let input_json = input_json.as_bytes();
+
+            let (ctx, book) = mdbook::preprocess::CmdPreprocessor::parse_input(input_json).unwrap();
+            let expected_book = book.clone();
+            let result = Nop::new().run(&ctx, book);
+            assert!(result.is_ok());
+
+            // The nop-preprocessor should not have made any changes to the book content.
+            let actual_book = result.unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(actual_book, expected_book);
+        }
+    }
+}

examples/remove-emphasis/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+book

examples/remove-emphasis/book.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+[book]
+title = "remove-emphasis"
+
+[preprocessor.remove-emphasis]
+command = "cargo run --manifest-path=mdbook-remove-emphasis/Cargo.toml --locked"

examples/remove-emphasis/mdbook-remove-emphasis/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+[package]
+name = "mdbook-remove-emphasis"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2021"
+
+[dependencies]
+mdbook = { version = "0.4.40", path = "../../.." }
+pulldown-cmark = { version = "0.12.2", default-features = false }
+pulldown-cmark-to-cmark = "18.0.0"
+serde_json = "1.0.132"

examples/remove-emphasis/mdbook-remove-emphasis/src/main.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+//! This is a demonstration of an mdBook preprocessor which parses markdown
+//! and removes any instances of emphasis.
+
+use mdbook::book::{Book, Chapter};
+use mdbook::errors::Error;
+use mdbook::preprocess::{CmdPreprocessor, Preprocessor, PreprocessorContext};
+use mdbook::BookItem;
+use pulldown_cmark::{Event, Parser, Tag, TagEnd};
+use std::io;
+
+fn main() {
+    let mut args = std::env::args().skip(1);
+    match args.next().as_deref() {
+        Some("supports") => {
+            // Supports all renderers.
+            return;
+        }
+        Some(arg) => {
+            eprintln!("unknown argument: {arg}");
+            std::process::exit(1);
+        }
+        None => {}
+    }
+
+    if let Err(e) = handle_preprocessing() {
+        eprintln!("{e}");
+        std::process::exit(1);
+    }
+}
+
+struct RemoveEmphasis;
+
+impl Preprocessor for RemoveEmphasis {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "remove-emphasis"
+    }
+
+    fn run(&self, _ctx: &PreprocessorContext, mut book: Book) -> Result<Book, Error> {
+        let mut total = 0;
+        book.for_each_mut(|item| {
+            let BookItem::Chapter(ch) = item else {
+                return;
+            };
+            if ch.is_draft_chapter() {
+                return;
+            }
+            match remove_emphasis(&mut total, ch) {
+                Ok(s) => ch.content = s,
+                Err(e) => eprintln!("failed to process chapter: {e:?}"),
+            }
+        });
+        eprintln!("removed {total} emphasis");
+        Ok(book)
+    }
+}
+
+// ANCHOR: remove_emphasis
+fn remove_emphasis(num_removed_items: &mut usize, chapter: &mut Chapter) -> Result<String, Error> {
+    let mut buf = String::with_capacity(chapter.content.len());
+
+    let events = Parser::new(&chapter.content).filter(|e| match e {
+        Event::Start(Tag::Emphasis) | Event::Start(Tag::Strong) => {
+            *num_removed_items += 1;
+            false
+        }
+        Event::End(TagEnd::Emphasis) | Event::End(TagEnd::Strong) => false,
+        _ => true,
+    });
+
+    Ok(pulldown_cmark_to_cmark::cmark(events, &mut buf).map(|_| buf)?)
+}
+// ANCHOR_END: remove_emphasis
+
+pub fn handle_preprocessing() -> Result<(), Error> {
+    let pre = RemoveEmphasis;
+    let (ctx, book) = CmdPreprocessor::parse_input(io::stdin())?;
+
+    let processed_book = pre.run(&ctx, book)?;
+    serde_json::to_writer(io::stdout(), &processed_book)?;
+
+    Ok(())
+}

examples/remove-emphasis/src/SUMMARY.md

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# Summary
+
+- [Chapter 1](./chapter_1.md)

examples/remove-emphasis/src/chapter_1.md

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# Chapter 1
+
+This has *light emphasis* and **bold emphasis**.

examples/remove-emphasis/test.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#[test]
+fn remove_emphasis_works() {
+    // Tests that the remove-emphasis example works as expected.
+
+    // Workaround for https://github.com/rust-lang/mdBook/issues/1424
+    std::env::set_current_dir("examples/remove-emphasis").unwrap();
+    let book = mdbook::MDBook::load(".").unwrap();
+    book.build().unwrap();
+    let ch1 = std::fs::read_to_string("book/chapter_1.html").unwrap();
+    assert!(ch1.contains("This has light emphasis and bold emphasis."));
+}

guide/book.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+[book]
+title = "mdBook Documentation"
+description = "Create book from markdown files. Like Gitbook but implemented in Rust"
+authors = ["Mathieu David", "Michael-F-Bryan"]
+language = "en"
+
+[rust]
+edition = "2018"
+
+[output.html]
+smart-punctuation = true
+mathjax-support = true
+site-url = "/mdBook/"
+git-repository-url = "https://github.com/rust-lang/mdBook/tree/master/guide"
+edit-url-template = "https://github.com/rust-lang/mdBook/edit/master/guide/{path}"
+hash-files = true
+
+[output.html.playground]
+editable = true
+line-numbers = true
+
+[output.html.code.hidelines]
+python = "~"
+
+[output.html.search]
+limit-results = 20
+use-boolean-and = true
+boost-title = 2
+boost-hierarchy = 2
+boost-paragraph = 1
+expand = true
+heading-split-level = 2
+
+[output.html.redirect]
+"/format/config.html" = "configuration/index.html"

guide/src/404.md

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# Document not found (404)
+
+This URL is invalid, sorry. Try the search instead!

guide/src/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+# Introduction
+
+**mdBook** is a command line tool to create books with Markdown.
+It is ideal for creating product or API documentation, tutorials, course materials or anything that requires a clean,
+easily navigable and customizable presentation.
+
+* Lightweight [Markdown] syntax helps you focus more on your content
+* Integrated [search] support
+* Color [syntax highlighting] for code blocks for many different languages
+* [Theme] files allow customizing the formatting of the output
+* [Preprocessors] can provide extensions for custom syntax and modifying content
+* [Backends] can render the output to multiple formats
+* Written in [Rust] for speed, safety, and simplicity
+* Automated testing of [Rust code samples]
+
+This guide is an example of what mdBook produces.
+mdBook is used by the Rust programming language project, and [The Rust Programming Language][trpl] book is another fine example of mdBook in action.
+
+[Markdown]: format/markdown.md
+[search]: guide/reading.md#search
+[syntax highlighting]: format/theme/syntax-highlighting.md
+[theme]: format/theme/index.html
+[preprocessors]: format/configuration/preprocessors.md
+[backends]: format/configuration/renderers.md
+[Rust]: https://www.rust-lang.org/
+[trpl]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/
+[Rust code samples]: cli/test.md
+
+## Contributing
+
+mdBook is free and open source. You can find the source code on
+[GitHub](https://github.com/rust-lang/mdBook) and issues and feature requests can be posted on
+the [GitHub issue tracker](https://github.com/rust-lang/mdBook/issues). mdBook relies on the community to fix bugs and
+add features: if you'd like to contribute, please read
+the [CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/rust-lang/mdBook/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md) guide and consider opening
+a [pull request](https://github.com/rust-lang/mdBook/pulls).
+
+## License
+
+The mdBook source and documentation are released under
+the [Mozilla Public License v2.0](https://www.mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/).

guide/src/SUMMARY.md

@@ -1,6 +1,15 @@
 # Summary
 
-- [mdBook](README.md)
+[Introduction](README.md)
+
+# User Guide
+
+- [Installation](guide/installation.md)
+- [Reading Books](guide/reading.md)
+- [Creating a Book](guide/creating.md)
+
+# Reference Guide
+
 - [Command Line Tool](cli/README.md)
     - [init](cli/init.md)
     - [build](cli/build.md)
@@ -8,19 +17,26 @@
     - [serve](cli/serve.md)
     - [test](cli/test.md)
     - [clean](cli/clean.md)
+    - [completions](cli/completions.md)
 - [Format](format/README.md)
     - [SUMMARY.md](format/summary.md)
-    - [Configuration](format/config.md)
+        - [Draft chapter]()
+    - [Configuration](format/configuration/README.md)
+        - [General](format/configuration/general.md)
+        - [Preprocessors](format/configuration/preprocessors.md)
+        - [Renderers](format/configuration/renderers.md)
+        - [Environment Variables](format/configuration/environment-variables.md)
     - [Theme](format/theme/README.md)
         - [index.hbs](format/theme/index-hbs.md)
         - [Syntax highlighting](format/theme/syntax-highlighting.md)
         - [Editor](format/theme/editor.md)
     - [MathJax Support](format/mathjax.md)
-    - [mdBook specific features](format/mdbook.md)
+    - [mdBook-specific features](format/mdbook.md)
+    - [Markdown](format/markdown.md)
 - [Continuous Integration](continuous-integration.md)
 - [For Developers](for_developers/README.md)
     - [Preprocessors](for_developers/preprocessors.md)
-    - [Alternate Backends](for_developers/backends.md)
+    - [Alternative Backends](for_developers/backends.md)
 
 -----------
 

guide/src/cli/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# Command Line Tool
+
+The `mdbook` command-line tool is used to create and build books.
+After you have [installed](../guide/installation.md) `mdbook`, you can run the `mdbook help` command in your terminal to view the available commands.
+
+This following sections provide in-depth information on the different commands available.
+
+* [`mdbook init <directory>`](init.md) --- Creates a new book with minimal boilerplate to start with.
+* [`mdbook build`](build.md) --- Renders the book.
+* [`mdbook watch`](watch.md) --- Rebuilds the book any time a source file changes.
+* [`mdbook serve`](serve.md) --- Runs a web server to view the book, and rebuilds on changes.
+* [`mdbook test`](test.md) --- Tests Rust code samples.
+* [`mdbook clean`](clean.md) --- Deletes the rendered output.
+* [`mdbook completions`](completions.md) --- Support for shell auto-completion.

guide/src/cli/arg-watcher.md

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#### `--watcher`
+
+There are different backends used to determine when a file has changed.
+
+* `poll` (default) --- Checks for file modifications by scanning the filesystem every second.
+* `native` --- Uses the native operating system facilities to receive notifications when files change.
+  This can have less constant overhead, but may not be as reliable as the `poll` based watcher. See these issues for more information: [#383](https://github.com/rust-lang/mdBook/issues/383) [#1441](https://github.com/rust-lang/mdBook/issues/1441) [#1707](https://github.com/rust-lang/mdBook/issues/1707) [#2035](https://github.com/rust-lang/mdBook/issues/2035) [#2102](https://github.com/rust-lang/mdBook/issues/2102)

guide/src/cli/build.md

@@ -7,7 +7,8 @@ mdbook build
 ```
 
 It will try to parse your `SUMMARY.md` file to understand the structure of your
-book and fetch the corresponding files.
+book and fetch the corresponding files. Note that this will also create files
+mentioned in `SUMMARY.md` which are not yet present.
 
 The rendered output will maintain the same directory structure as the source for
 convenience. Large books will therefore remain structured when rendered.
@@ -21,18 +22,19 @@ root instead of the current working directory.
 mdbook build path/to/book
 ```
 
-#### --open
+#### `--open`
 
 When you use the `--open` (`-o`) flag, mdbook will open the rendered book in
 your default web browser after building it.
 
-#### --dest-dir
+#### `--dest-dir`
 
 The `--dest-dir` (`-d`) option allows you to change the output directory for the
-book. If not specified it will default to the value of the `build.build-dir` key
-in `book.toml`, or to `./book` relative to the book's root directory.
+book. Relative paths are interpreted relative to the book's root directory. If
+not specified it will default to the value of the `build.build-dir` key in
+`book.toml`, or to `./book`.
 
 -------------------
 
-***Note:*** *Make sure to run the build command in the root directory and not in
-the source directory*
+***Note:*** *The build command copies all files (excluding files with `.md` extension) from the source directory
+into the build directory.*

guide/src/cli/clean.md

@@ -16,15 +16,15 @@ root instead of the current working directory.
 mdbook clean path/to/book
 ```
 
-#### --dest-dir
+#### `--dest-dir`
 
 The `--dest-dir` (`-d`) option allows you to override the book's output
-directory, which will be deleted by this command. If not specified it will
-default to the value of the `build.build-dir` key in `book.toml`, or to `./book`
-relative to the book's root directory.
+directory, which will be deleted by this command. Relative paths are interpreted
+relative to the book's root directory. If not specified it will default to the
+value of the `build.build-dir` key in `book.toml`, or to `./book`.
 
 ```bash
 mdbook clean --dest-dir=path/to/book
 ```
 
-`path/to/book` could be absolute or relative.
+`path/to/book` could be absolute or relative.

guide/src/cli/completions.md

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# The completions command
+
+The completions command is used to generate auto-completions for some common shells.
+This means when you type `mdbook` in your shell, you can then press your shell's auto-complete key (usually the Tab key) and it may display what the valid options are, or finish partial input.
+
+The completions first need to be installed for your shell:
+
+```bash
+# bash
+mdbook completions bash > ~/.local/share/bash-completion/completions/mdbook
+# oh-my-zsh
+mdbook completions zsh > ~/.oh-my-zsh/completions/_mdbook
+autoload -U compinit && compinit
+```
+
+The command prints a completion script for the given shell.
+Run `mdbook completions --help` for a list of supported shells.
+
+Where to place the completions depend on which shell you are using and your operating system.
+Consult your shell's documentation for more information one where to place the script.

guide/src/cli/init.md

@@ -19,15 +19,15 @@ book-test/
     └── SUMMARY.md
 ```
 
-- The `src` directory is were you write your book in markdown. It contains all
+- The `src` directory is where you write your book in markdown. It contains all
   the source files, configuration files, etc.
 
 - The `book` directory is where your book is rendered. All the output is ready
   to be uploaded to a server to be seen by your audience.
 
-- The `SUMMARY.md` file is the most important file, it's the skeleton of your
-  book and is discussed in more detail [in another
-  chapter](../format/summary.md)
+- The `SUMMARY.md` is the skeleton of your
+  book, and is discussed in more detail [in another
+  chapter](../format/summary.md).
 
 #### Tip: Generate chapters from SUMMARY.md
 
@@ -45,10 +45,38 @@ instead of the current working directory.
 mdbook init path/to/book
 ```
 
-#### --theme
+#### `--theme`
 
 When you use the `--theme` flag, the default theme will be copied into a
 directory called `theme` in your source directory so that you can modify it.
 
 The theme is selectively overwritten, this means that if you don't want to
 overwrite a specific file, just delete it and the default file will be used.
+
+#### `--title`
+
+Specify a title for the book. If not supplied, an interactive prompt will ask for 
+a title. 
+
+```bash
+mdbook init --title="my amazing book"
+```
+
+#### `--ignore`
+
+Create a `.gitignore` file configured to ignore the `book` directory created when [building] a book. 
+If not supplied, an interactive prompt will ask whether it should be created.
+
+```bash
+mdbook init --ignore=none
+```
+
+```bash
+mdbook init --ignore=git
+```
+
+[building]: build.md
+
+#### `--force`
+
+Skip the prompts to create a `.gitignore` and for the title for the book.

guide/src/cli/serve.md

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+# The serve command
+
+The serve command is used to preview a book by serving it via HTTP at
+`localhost:3000` by default: 
+
+```bash
+mdbook serve
+```
+
+The `serve` command  watches the book's `src` directory for
+changes, rebuilding the book and refreshing clients for each change; this includes
+re-creating deleted files still mentioned in `SUMMARY.md`! A websocket
+connection is used to trigger the client-side refresh.
+
+***Note:*** *The `serve` command is for testing a book's HTML output, and is not
+intended to be a complete HTTP server for a website.*
+
+#### Specify a directory
+
+The `serve` command can take a directory as an argument to use as the book's
+root instead of the current working directory.
+
+```bash
+mdbook serve path/to/book
+```
+
+### Server options
+
+The `serve` hostname defaults to `localhost`, and the port defaults to `3000`. Either option can be specified on the command line:
+
+```bash
+mdbook serve path/to/book -p 8000 -n 127.0.0.1 
+```
+
+#### `--open`
+
+When you use the `--open` (`-o`) flag, mdbook will open the book in your
+default web browser after starting the server.
+
+#### `--dest-dir`
+
+The `--dest-dir` (`-d`) option allows you to change the output directory for the
+book. Relative paths are interpreted relative to the book's root directory. If
+not specified it will default to the value of the `build.build-dir` key in
+`book.toml`, or to `./book`.
+
+{{#include arg-watcher.md}}
+
+#### Specify exclude patterns
+
+The `serve` command will not automatically trigger a build for files listed in
+the `.gitignore` file in the book root directory. The `.gitignore` file may
+contain file patterns described in the [gitignore
+documentation](https://git-scm.com/docs/gitignore). This can be useful for
+ignoring temporary files created by some editors.
+
+***Note:*** *Only the `.gitignore` from the book root directory is used. Global
+`$HOME/.gitignore` or `.gitignore` files in parent directories are not used.*

guide/src/cli/test.md

@@ -6,8 +6,7 @@ of code examples that could get outdated. Therefore it is very important for
 them to be able to automatically test these code examples.
 
 mdBook supports a `test` command that will run all available tests in a book. At
-the moment, only rustdoc tests are supported, but this may be expanded upon in
-the future.
+the moment, only Rust tests are supported.
 
 #### Disable tests on a code block
 
@@ -38,15 +37,31 @@ instead of the current working directory.
 mdbook test path/to/book
 ```
 
-#### --library-path
+#### `--library-path`
 
 The `--library-path` (`-L`) option allows you to add directories to the library
 search path used by `rustdoc` when it builds and tests the examples. Multiple
 directories can be specified with multiple options (`-L foo -L bar`) or with a
-comma-delimited list (`-L foo,bar`).
+comma-delimited list (`-L foo,bar`). The path should point to the Cargo
+[build cache](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/guide/build-cache.html) `deps` directory that
+contains the build output of your project. For example, if your Rust project's book is in a directory
+named `my-book`, the following command would include the crate's dependencies when running `test`:
 
-#### --dest-dir
+```shell
+mdbook test my-book -L target/debug/deps/
+```
+
+See the `rustdoc` command-line [documentation](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rustdoc/command-line-arguments.html#-l--library-path-where-to-look-for-dependencies)
+for more information.
+
+#### `--dest-dir`
 
 The `--dest-dir` (`-d`) option allows you to change the output directory for the
-book. If not specified it will default to the value of the `build.build-dir` key
-in `book.toml`, or to `./book` relative to the book's root directory.
+book. Relative paths are interpreted relative to the book's root directory. If
+not specified it will default to the value of the `build.build-dir` key in
+`book.toml`, or to `./book`.
+
+#### `--chapter`
+
+The `--chapter` (`-c`) option allows you to test a specific chapter of the
+book using the chapter name or the relative path to the chapter.

guide/src/cli/watch.md

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+# The watch command
+
+The `watch` command is useful when you want your book to be rendered on every
+file change. You could repeatedly issue `mdbook build` every time a file is
+changed. But using `mdbook watch` once will watch your files and will trigger a
+build automatically whenever you modify a file; this includes re-creating
+deleted files still mentioned in `SUMMARY.md`!
+
+#### Specify a directory
+
+The `watch` command can take a directory as an argument to use as the book's
+root instead of the current working directory.
+
+```bash
+mdbook watch path/to/book
+```
+
+#### `--open`
+
+When you use the `--open` (`-o`) option, mdbook will open the rendered book in
+your default web browser.
+
+#### `--dest-dir`
+
+The `--dest-dir` (`-d`) option allows you to change the output directory for the
+book. Relative paths are interpreted relative to the book's root directory. If
+not specified it will default to the value of the `build.build-dir` key in
+`book.toml`, or to `./book`.
+
+{{#include arg-watcher.md}}
+
+#### Specify exclude patterns
+
+The `watch` command will not automatically trigger a build for files listed in
+the `.gitignore` file in the book root directory. The `.gitignore` file may
+contain file patterns described in the [gitignore
+documentation](https://git-scm.com/docs/gitignore). This can be useful for
+ignoring temporary files created by some editors.
+
+_Note: Only `.gitignore` from book root directory is used. Global
+`$HOME/.gitignore` or `.gitignore` files in parent directories are not used._

guide/src/continuous-integration.md

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+# Running `mdbook` in Continuous Integration
+
+There are a variety of services such as [GitHub Actions] or [GitLab CI/CD] which can be used to test and deploy your book automatically.
+
+The following provides some general guidelines on how to configure your service to run mdBook.
+Specific recipes can be found at the [Automated Deployment] wiki page.
+
+[GitHub Actions]: https://docs.github.com/en/actions
+[GitLab CI/CD]: https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/
+[Automated Deployment]: https://github.com/rust-lang/mdBook/wiki/Automated-Deployment
+
+## Installing mdBook
+
+There are several different strategies for installing mdBook.
+The particular method depends on your needs and preferences.
+
+### Pre-compiled binaries
+
+Perhaps the easiest method is to use the pre-compiled binaries found on the [GitHub Releases page][releases].
+A simple approach would be to use the popular `curl` CLI tool to download the executable:
+
+```sh
+mkdir bin
+curl -sSL https://github.com/rust-lang/mdBook/releases/download/v0.4.51/mdbook-v0.4.51-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu.tar.gz | tar -xz --directory=bin
+bin/mdbook build
+```
+
+Some considerations for this approach:
+
+* This is relatively fast, and does not necessarily require dealing with caching.
+* This does not require installing Rust.
+* Specifying a specific URL means you have to manually update your script to get a new version.
+  This may be a benefit if you want to lock to a specific version.
+  However, some users prefer to automatically get a newer version when they are published.
+* You are reliant on the GitHub CDN being available.
+
+[releases]: https://github.com/rust-lang/mdBook/releases
+
+### Building from source
+
+Building from source will require having Rust installed.
+Some services have Rust pre-installed, but if your service does not, you will need to add a step to install it.
+
+After Rust is installed, `cargo install` can be used to build and install mdBook.
+We recommend using a SemVer version specifier so that you get the latest **non-breaking** version of mdBook.
+For example:
+
+```sh
+cargo install mdbook --no-default-features --features search --vers "^0.4" --locked
+```
+
+This includes several recommended options:
+
+* `--no-default-features` --- Disables features like the HTTP server used by `mdbook serve` that is likely not needed on CI.
+  This will speed up the build time significantly.
+* `--features search` --- Disabling default features means you should then manually enable features that you want, such as the built-in [search] capability.
+* `--vers "^0.4"` --- This will install the most recent version of the `0.4` series.
+  However, versions after like `0.5.0` won't be installed, as they may break your build.
+  Cargo will automatically upgrade mdBook if you have an older version already installed.
+* `--locked` --- This will use the dependencies that were used when mdBook was released.
+  Without `--locked`, it will use the latest version of all dependencies, which may include some fixes since the last release, but may also (rarely) cause build problems.
+
+You will likely want to investigate caching options, as building mdBook can be somewhat slow.
+
+[search]: guide/reading.md#search
+
+## Running tests
+
+You may want to run tests using [`mdbook test`] every time you push a change or create a pull request.
+This can be used to validate Rust code examples in the book.
+
+This will require having Rust installed.
+Some services have Rust pre-installed, but if your service does not, you will need to add a step to install it.
+
+Other than making sure the appropriate version of Rust is installed, there's not much more than just running `mdbook test` from the book directory.
+
+You may also want to consider running other kinds of tests, like [mdbook-linkcheck] which will check for broken links.
+Or if you have your own style checks, spell checker, or any other tests it might be good to run them in CI.
+
+[`mdbook test`]: cli/test.md
+[mdbook-linkcheck]: https://github.com/Michael-F-Bryan/mdbook-linkcheck#continuous-integration
+
+## Deploying
+
+You may want to automatically deploy your book.
+Some may want to do this every time a change is pushed, and others may want to only deploy when a specific release is tagged.
+
+You'll also need to understand the specifics on how to push a change to your web service.
+For example, [GitHub Pages] just requires committing the output onto a specific git branch.
+Other services may require using something like SSH to connect to a remote server.
+
+The basic outline is that you need to run `mdbook build` to generate the output, and then transfer the files (which are in the `book` directory) to the correct location.
+
+You may then want to consider if you need to invalidate any caches on your web service.
+
+See the [Automated Deployment] wiki page for examples of various different services.
+
+[GitHub Pages]: https://docs.github.com/en/pages
+
+### 404 handling
+
+mdBook automatically generates a 404 page to be used for broken links.
+The default output is a file named `404.html` at the root of the book.
+Some services like [GitHub Pages] will automatically use this page for broken links.
+For other services, you may want to consider configuring the web server to use this page as it will provide the reader navigation to get back to the book.
+
+If your book is not deployed at the root of the domain, then you should set the [`output.html.site-url`] setting so that the 404 page works correctly.
+It needs to know where the book is deployed in order to load the static files (like CSS) correctly.
+For example, this guide is deployed at <https://rust-lang.github.io/mdBook/>, and the `site-url` setting is configured like this:
+
+```toml
+# book.toml
+[output.html]
+site-url = "/mdBook/"
+```
+
+You can customize the look of the 404 page by creating a file named `src/404.md` in your book.
+If you want to use a different filename, you can set [`output.html.input-404`] to a different filename.
+
+[`output.html.site-url`]: format/configuration/renderers.md#html-renderer-options
+[`output.html.input-404`]: format/configuration/renderers.md#html-renderer-options

guide/src/for_developers/README.md

@@ -12,20 +12,21 @@ The *For Developers* chapters are here to show you the more advanced usage of
 The two main ways a developer can hook into the book's build process is via,
 
 - [Preprocessors](preprocessors.md)
-- [Alternate Backends](backends.md)
+- [Alternative Backends](backends.md)
 
 
 ## The Build Process
 
 The process of rendering a book project goes through several steps.
 
-1. Load the book 
+1. Load the book
     - Parse the `book.toml`, falling back to the default `Config` if it doesn't
        exist
     - Load the book chapters into memory
     - Discover which preprocessors/backends should be used
-2. Run the preprocessors
-3. Call each backend in turn
+2. For each backend:
+   1. Run all the preprocessors.
+   2. Call the backend to render the processed result.
 
 
 ## Using `mdbook` as a Library
@@ -41,6 +42,6 @@ The easiest way to find out how to use the `mdbook` crate is by looking at the
 explanation on the configuration system.
 
 
-[`MDBook`]: http://rust-lang-nursery.github.io/mdBook/mdbook/book/struct.MDBook.html
-[API Docs]: http://rust-lang-nursery.github.io/mdBook/mdbook/
-[config]: file:///home/michael/Documents/forks/mdBook/target/doc/mdbook/config/index.html
+[`MDBook`]: https://docs.rs/mdbook/*/mdbook/book/struct.MDBook.html
+[API Docs]: https://docs.rs/mdbook/*/mdbook/
+[config]: https://docs.rs/mdbook/*/mdbook/config/index.html

guide/src/for_developers/backends.md

@@ -1,32 +1,27 @@
-# Alternate Backends
+# Alternative Backends
 
 A "backend" is simply a program which `mdbook` will invoke during the book
 rendering process. This program is passed a JSON representation of the book and
 configuration information via `stdin`. Once the backend receives this
 information it is free to do whatever it wants.
 
-There are already several alternate backends on GitHub which can be used as a
-rough example of how this is accomplished in practice.
-
-- [mdbook-linkcheck] - a simple program for verifying the book doesn't contain
-  any broken links
-- [mdbook-epub] - an EPUB renderer
-- [mdbook-test] - a program to run the book's contents through [rust-skeptic] to
-  verify everything compiles and runs correctly (similar to `rustdoc --test`)
-
-This page will step you through creating your own alternate backend in the form
-of a simple word counting program. Although it will be written in Rust, there's
-no reason why it couldn't be accomplished using something like Python or Ruby.
+See [Configuring Renderers](../format/configuration/renderers.md) for more information about using backends.
 
+The community has developed several backends.
+See the [Third Party Plugins] wiki page for a list of available backends.
 
 ## Setting Up
 
+This page will step you through creating your own alternative backend in the form
+of a simple word counting program. Although it will be written in Rust, there's
+no reason why it couldn't be accomplished using something like Python or Ruby.
+
 First you'll want to create a new binary program and add `mdbook` as a
 dependency.
 
-```
+```shell
 $ cargo new --bin mdbook-wordcount
-$ cd mdbook-wordcount 
+$ cd mdbook-wordcount
 $ cargo add mdbook
 ```
 
@@ -52,8 +47,8 @@ fn main() {
 > **Note:** The `RenderContext` contains a `version` field. This lets backends
   figure out whether they are compatible with the version of `mdbook` it's being
   called by. This `version` comes directly from the corresponding field in
-  `mdbook`'s `Cargo.toml`. 
-  
+  `mdbook`'s `Cargo.toml`.
+
   It is recommended that backends use the [`semver`] crate to inspect this field
   and emit a warning if there may be a compatibility issue.
 
@@ -92,12 +87,12 @@ fn count_words(ch: &Chapter) -> usize {
 Now we've got the basics running, we want to actually use it. First, install the
 program.
 
-```
-$ cargo install
+```shell
+$ cargo install --path .
 ```
 
 Then `cd` to the particular book you'd like to count the words of and update its
-`book.toml` file. 
+`book.toml` file.
 
 ```diff
   [book]
@@ -112,7 +107,7 @@ Then `cd` to the particular book you'd like to count the words of and update its
 
 When it loads a book into memory, `mdbook` will inspect your `book.toml` file to
 try and figure out which backends to use by looking for all `output.*` tables.
-If none are provided it'll fall back to using the default HTML renderer. 
+If none are provided it'll fall back to using the default HTML renderer.
 
 Notably, this means if you want to add your own custom backend you'll also need
 to make sure to add the HTML backend, even if its table just stays empty.
@@ -120,7 +115,7 @@ to make sure to add the HTML backend, even if its table just stays empty.
 Now you just need to build your book like normal, and everything should *Just
 Work*.
 
-```
+```shell
 $ mdbook build
 ...
 2018-01-16 07:31:15 [INFO] (mdbook::renderer): Invoking the "mdbook-wordcount" renderer
@@ -140,7 +135,7 @@ Syntax highlighting: 314
 MathJax Support: 153
 Rust code specific features: 148
 For Developers: 788
-Alternate Backends: 710
+Alternative Backends: 710
 Contributors: 85
 ```
 
@@ -169,7 +164,7 @@ arguments or be an interpreted script), you can use the `command` field.
 Now imagine you don't want to count the number of words on a particular chapter
 (it might be generated text/code, etc). The canonical way to do this is via the
 usual `book.toml` configuration file by adding items to your `[output.foo]`
-table. 
+table.
 
 The `Config` can be treated roughly as a nested hashmap which lets you call
 methods like `get()` to access the config's contents, with a
@@ -211,13 +206,13 @@ and then add a check to make sure we skip ignored chapters.
 +     let cfg: WordcountConfig = ctx.config
 +         .get_deserialized("output.wordcount")
 +         .unwrap_or_default();
-  
+
       for item in ctx.book.iter() {
           if let BookItem::Chapter(ref ch) = *item {
 +             if cfg.ignores.contains(&ch.name) {
 +                 continue;
 +             }
-+ 
++
               let num_words = count_words(ch);
               println!("{}: {}", ch.name, num_words);
           }
@@ -239,17 +234,17 @@ in [`RenderContext`].
 - use std::io;
   use mdbook::renderer::RenderContext;
   use mdbook::book::{BookItem, Chapter};
-  
+
   fn main() {
     ...
-  
+
 +     let _ = fs::create_dir_all(&ctx.destination);
 +     let mut f = File::create(ctx.destination.join("wordcounts.txt")).unwrap();
-+ 
++
       for item in ctx.book.iter() {
           if let BookItem::Chapter(ref ch) = *item {
               ...
-  
+
               let num_words = count_words(ch);
               println!("{}: {}", ch.name, num_words);
 +             writeln!(f, "{}: {}", ch.name, num_words).unwrap();
@@ -261,6 +256,10 @@ in [`RenderContext`].
 > **Note:** There is no guarantee that the destination directory exists or is
 > empty (`mdbook` may leave the previous contents to let backends do caching),
 > so it's always a good idea to create it with `fs::create_dir_all()`.
+>
+> If the destination directory already exists, don't assume it will be empty.
+> To allow backends to cache the results from previous runs, `mdbook` may leave
+> old content in the directory.
 
 There's always the possibility that an error will occur while processing a book
 (just look at all the `unwrap()`'s we've written already), so `mdbook` will
@@ -276,11 +275,11 @@ like this:
 
   fn main() {
       ...
-  
+
       for item in ctx.book.iter() {
           if let BookItem::Chapter(ref ch) = *item {
               ...
-  
+
               let num_words = count_words(ch);
               println!("{}: {}", ch.name, num_words);
               writeln!(f, "{}: {}", ch.name, num_words).unwrap();
@@ -288,7 +287,7 @@ like this:
 +             if cfg.deny_odds && num_words % 2 == 1 {
 +               eprintln!("{} has an odd number of words!", ch.name);
 +               process::exit(1);
-              }
++             }
           }
       }
   }
@@ -303,8 +302,8 @@ like this:
 
 Now, if we reinstall the backend and build a book,
 
-```
-$ cargo install --force
+```shell
+$ cargo install --path . --force
 $ mdbook build /path/to/book
 ...
 2018-01-16 21:21:39 [INFO] (mdbook::renderer): Invoking the "wordcount" renderer
@@ -325,11 +324,10 @@ generation or a warning).
 All environment variables are passed through to the backend, allowing you to use
 the usual `RUST_LOG` to control logging verbosity.
 
-
 ## Wrapping Up
 
 Although contrived, hopefully this example was enough to show how you'd create
-an alternate backend for `mdbook`. If you feel it's missing something, don't
+an alternative backend for `mdbook`. If you feel it's missing something, don't
 hesitate to create an issue in the [issue tracker] so we can improve the user
 guide.
 
@@ -338,14 +336,11 @@ as a good example of how it's done in real life, so feel free to skim through
 the source code or ask questions.
 
 
-[mdbook-linkcheck]: https://github.com/Michael-F-Bryan/mdbook-linkcheck
-[mdbook-epub]: https://github.com/Michael-F-Bryan/mdbook-epub
-[mdbook-test]: https://github.com/Michael-F-Bryan/mdbook-test
-[rust-skeptic]: https://github.com/budziq/rust-skeptic
-[`RenderContext`]: http://rust-lang-nursery.github.io/mdBook/mdbook/renderer/struct.RenderContext.html
-[`RenderContext::from_json()`]: http://rust-lang-nursery.github.io/mdBook/mdbook/renderer/struct.RenderContext.html#method.from_json
+[Third Party Plugins]: https://github.com/rust-lang/mdBook/wiki/Third-party-plugins
+[`RenderContext`]: https://docs.rs/mdbook/*/mdbook/renderer/struct.RenderContext.html
+[`RenderContext::from_json()`]: https://docs.rs/mdbook/*/mdbook/renderer/struct.RenderContext.html#method.from_json
 [`semver`]: https://crates.io/crates/semver
-[`Book`]: http://rust-lang-nursery.github.io/mdBook/mdbook/book/struct.Book.html
-[`Book::iter()`]: http://rust-lang-nursery.github.io/mdBook/mdbook/book/struct.Book.html#method.iter
-[`Config`]: http://rust-lang-nursery.github.io/mdBook/mdbook/config/struct.Config.html
-[issue tracker]: https://github.com/rust-lang-nursery/mdBook/issues
+[`Book`]: https://docs.rs/mdbook/*/mdbook/book/struct.Book.html
+[`Book::iter()`]: https://docs.rs/mdbook/*/mdbook/book/struct.Book.html#method.iter
+[`Config`]: https://docs.rs/mdbook/*/mdbook/config/struct.Config.html
+[issue tracker]: https://github.com/rust-lang/mdBook/issues

guide/src/for_developers/preprocessors.md

@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+# Preprocessors
+
+A *preprocessor* is simply a bit of code which gets run immediately after the
+book is loaded and before it gets rendered, allowing you to update and mutate
+the book. Possible use cases are:
+
+- Creating custom helpers like `\{{#include /path/to/file.md}}`
+- Substituting in latex-style expressions (`$$ \frac{1}{3} $$`) with their
+  mathjax equivalents
+
+See [Configuring Preprocessors](../format/configuration/preprocessors.md) for more information about using preprocessors.
+
+## Hooking Into MDBook
+
+MDBook uses a fairly simple mechanism for discovering third party plugins.
+A new table is added to `book.toml` (e.g. `[preprocessor.foo]` for the `foo`
+preprocessor) and then `mdbook` will try to invoke the `mdbook-foo` program as
+part of the build process.
+
+Once the preprocessor has been defined and the build process starts, mdBook executes the command defined in the `preprocessor.foo.command` key twice.
+The first time it runs the preprocessor to determine if it supports the given renderer.
+mdBook passes two arguments to the process: the first argument is the string `supports` and the second argument is the renderer name.
+The preprocessor should exit with a status code 0 if it supports the given renderer, or return a non-zero exit code if it does not.
+
+If the preprocessor supports the renderer, then mdbook runs it a second time, passing JSON data into stdin.
+The JSON consists of an array of `[context, book]` where `context` is the serialized object [`PreprocessorContext`] and `book` is a [`Book`] object containing the content of the book.
+
+The preprocessor should return the JSON format of the [`Book`] object to stdout, with any modifications it wishes to perform.
+
+The easiest way to get started is by creating your own implementation of the
+`Preprocessor` trait (e.g. in `lib.rs`) and then creating a shell binary which
+translates inputs to the correct `Preprocessor` method. For convenience, there
+is [an example no-op preprocessor] in the `examples/` directory which can easily
+be adapted for other preprocessors.
+
+<details>
+<summary>Example no-op preprocessor</summary>
+
+```rust
+// nop-preprocessors.rs
+
+{{#include ../../../examples/nop-preprocessor.rs}}
+```
+</details>
+
+## Hints For Implementing A Preprocessor
+
+By pulling in `mdbook` as a library, preprocessors can have access to the
+existing infrastructure for dealing with books.
+
+For example, a custom preprocessor could use the
+[`CmdPreprocessor::parse_input()`] function to deserialize the JSON written to
+`stdin`. Then each chapter of the `Book` can be mutated in-place via
+[`Book::for_each_mut()`], and then written to `stdout` with the `serde_json`
+crate.
+
+Chapters can be accessed either directly (by recursively iterating over
+chapters) or via the `Book::for_each_mut()` convenience method.
+
+The `chapter.content` is just a string which happens to be markdown. While it's
+entirely possible to use regular expressions or do a manual find & replace,
+you'll probably want to process the input into something more computer-friendly.
+The [`pulldown-cmark`][pc] crate implements a production-quality event-based
+Markdown parser, with the [`pulldown-cmark-to-cmark`][pctc] crate allowing you to
+translate events back into markdown text.
+
+The following code block shows how to remove all emphasis from markdown,
+without accidentally breaking the document.
+
+```rust
+{{#rustdoc_include ../../../examples/remove-emphasis/mdbook-remove-emphasis/src/main.rs:remove_emphasis}}
+```
+
+Take a look at the [full example source][emphasis-example] for more details.
+
+## Implementing a preprocessor with a different language
+
+The fact that mdBook utilizes stdin and stdout to communicate with the preprocessors makes it easy to implement them in a language other than Rust.
+The following code shows how to implement a simple preprocessor in Python, which will modify the content of the first chapter.
+The example below follows the configuration shown above with `preprocessor.foo.command` actually pointing to a Python script.
+
+```python
+import json
+import sys
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    if len(sys.argv) > 1: # we check if we received any argument
+        if sys.argv[1] == "supports": 
+            # then we are good to return an exit status code of 0, since the other argument will just be the renderer's name
+            sys.exit(0)
+
+    # load both the context and the book representations from stdin
+    context, book = json.load(sys.stdin)
+    # and now, we can just modify the content of the first chapter
+    book['sections'][0]['Chapter']['content'] = '# Hello'
+    # we are done with the book's modification, we can just print it to stdout, 
+    print(json.dumps(book))
+```
+
+
+[emphasis-example]: https://github.com/rust-lang/mdBook/tree/master/examples/remove-emphasis/
+[preprocessor-docs]: https://docs.rs/mdbook/latest/mdbook/preprocess/trait.Preprocessor.html
+[pc]: https://crates.io/crates/pulldown-cmark
+[pctc]: https://crates.io/crates/pulldown-cmark-to-cmark
+[an example no-op preprocessor]: https://github.com/rust-lang/mdBook/blob/master/examples/nop-preprocessor.rs
+[`CmdPreprocessor::parse_input()`]: https://docs.rs/mdbook/latest/mdbook/preprocess/trait.Preprocessor.html#method.parse_input
+[`Book::for_each_mut()`]: https://docs.rs/mdbook/latest/mdbook/book/struct.Book.html#method.for_each_mut
+[`PreprocessorContext`]: https://docs.rs/mdbook/latest/mdbook/preprocess/struct.PreprocessorContext.html
+[`Book`]: https://docs.rs/mdbook/latest/mdbook/book/struct.Book.html

guide/src/format/configuration/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# Configuration
+
+This section details the configuration options available in the ***book.toml***:
+- **[General]** configuration including the `book`, `rust`, `build` sections
+- **[Preprocessor]** configuration for default and custom book preprocessors
+- **[Renderer]** configuration for the HTML, Markdown and custom renderers
+- **[Environment Variable]** configuration for overriding configuration options in your environment
+
+[General]: general.md
+[Preprocessor]: preprocessors.md
+[Renderer]: renderers.md
+[Environment Variable]: environment-variables.md

guide/src/format/configuration/environment-variables.md

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+# Environment Variables
+
+All configuration values can be overridden from the command line by setting the
+corresponding environment variable. Because many operating systems restrict
+environment variables to be alphanumeric characters or `_`, the configuration
+key needs to be formatted slightly differently to the normal `foo.bar.baz` form.
+
+Variables starting with `MDBOOK_` are used for configuration. The key is created
+by removing the `MDBOOK_` prefix and turning the resulting string into
+`kebab-case`. Double underscores (`__`) separate nested keys, while a single
+underscore (`_`) is replaced with a dash (`-`).
+
+For example:
+
+- `MDBOOK_foo` -> `foo`
+- `MDBOOK_FOO` -> `foo`
+- `MDBOOK_FOO__BAR` -> `foo.bar`
+- `MDBOOK_FOO_BAR` -> `foo-bar`
+- `MDBOOK_FOO_bar__baz` -> `foo-bar.baz`
+
+So by setting the `MDBOOK_BOOK__TITLE` environment variable you can override the
+book's title without needing to touch your `book.toml`.
+
+> **Note:** To facilitate setting more complex config items, the value of an
+> environment variable is first parsed as JSON, falling back to a string if the
+> parse fails.
+>
+> This means, if you so desired, you could override all book metadata when
+> building the book with something like
+>
+> ```shell
+> $ export MDBOOK_BOOK='{"title": "My Awesome Book", "authors": ["Michael-F-Bryan"]}'
+> $ mdbook build
+> ```
+
+The latter case may be useful in situations where `mdbook` is invoked from a
+script or CI, where it sometimes isn't possible to update the `book.toml` before
+building.

guide/src/format/configuration/general.md

@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+# General Configuration
+
+You can configure the parameters for your book in the ***book.toml*** file.
+
+Here is an example of what a ***book.toml*** file might look like:
+
+```toml
+[book]
+title = "Example book"
+authors = ["John Doe"]
+description = "The example book covers examples."
+
+[rust]
+edition = "2018"
+
+[build]
+build-dir = "my-example-book"
+create-missing = false
+
+[preprocessor.index]
+
+[preprocessor.links]
+
+[output.html]
+additional-css = ["custom.css"]
+
+[output.html.search]
+limit-results = 15
+```
+
+## Supported configuration options
+
+It is important to note that **any** relative path specified in the
+configuration will always be taken relative from the root of the book where the
+configuration file is located.
+
+### General metadata
+
+This is general information about your book.
+
+- **title:** The title of the book
+- **authors:** The author(s) of the book
+- **description:** A description for the book, which is added as meta
+  information in the html `<head>` of each page
+- **src:** By default, the source directory is found in the directory named
+  `src` directly under the root folder. But this is configurable with the `src`
+  key in the configuration file.
+- **language:** The main language of the book, which is used as a language attribute `<html lang="en">` for example.
+  This is also used to derive the direction of text (RTL, LTR) within the book.
+- **text-direction**: The direction of text in the book: Left-to-right (LTR) or Right-to-left (RTL). Possible values: `ltr`, `rtl`.
+  When not specified, the text direction is derived from the book's `language` attribute.
+
+**book.toml**
+```toml
+[book]
+title = "Example book"
+authors = ["John Doe", "Jane Doe"]
+description = "The example book covers examples."
+src = "my-src"  # the source files will be found in `root/my-src` instead of `root/src`
+language = "en"
+text-direction = "ltr"
+```
+
+### Rust options
+
+Options for the Rust language, relevant to running tests and playground
+integration.
+
+```toml
+[rust]
+edition = "2015"   # the default edition for code blocks
+```
+
+- **edition**: Rust edition to use by default for the code snippets. Default
+  is `"2015"`. Individual code blocks can be controlled with the `edition2015`,
+  `edition2018`, `edition2021` or `edition2024` annotations, such as:
+
+  ~~~text
+  ```rust,edition2015
+  // This only works in 2015.
+  let try = true;
+  ```
+  ~~~
+
+### Build options
+
+This controls the build process of your book.
+
+```toml
+[build]
+build-dir = "book"                # the directory where the output is placed
+create-missing = true             # whether or not to create missing pages
+use-default-preprocessors = true  # use the default preprocessors
+extra-watch-dirs = []             # directories to watch for triggering builds
+```
+
+- **build-dir:** The directory to put the rendered book in. By default this is
+  `book/` in the book's root directory.
+  This can overridden with the `--dest-dir` CLI option.
+- **create-missing:** By default, any missing files specified in `SUMMARY.md`
+  will be created when the book is built (i.e. `create-missing = true`). If this
+  is `false` then the build process will instead exit with an error if any files
+  do not exist.
+- **use-default-preprocessors:** Disable the default preprocessors (of `links` &
+  `index`) by setting this option to `false`.
+
+  If you have the same, and/or other preprocessors declared via their table
+  of configuration, they will run instead.
+
+  - For clarity, with no preprocessor configuration, the default `links` and
+    `index` will run.
+  - Setting `use-default-preprocessors = false` will disable these
+    default preprocessors from running.
+  - Adding `[preprocessor.links]`, for example, will ensure, regardless of
+    `use-default-preprocessors` that `links` it will run.
+- **extra-watch-dirs**: A list of paths to directories that will be watched in
+  the `watch` and `serve` commands. Changes to files under these directories will
+  trigger rebuilds. Useful if your book depends on files outside its `src` directory.

guide/src/format/configuration/preprocessors.md

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+# Configuring Preprocessors
+
+Preprocessors are extensions that can modify the raw Markdown source before it gets sent to the renderer.
+
+The following preprocessors are built-in and included by default:
+
+- `links`: Expands the `{{ #playground }}`, `{{ #include }}`, and `{{ #rustdoc_include }}` handlebars
+  helpers in a chapter to include the contents of a file.
+  See [Including files] for more.
+- `index`: Convert all chapter files named `README.md` into `index.md`. That is
+  to say, all `README.md` would be rendered to an index file `index.html` in the
+  rendered book.
+
+The built-in preprocessors can be disabled with the [`build.use-default-preprocessors`] config option.
+
+The community has developed several preprocessors.
+See the [Third Party Plugins] wiki page for a list of available preprocessors.
+
+For information on how to create a new preprocessor, see the [Preprocessors for Developers] chapter.
+
+[Including files]: ../mdbook.md#including-files
+[`build.use-default-preprocessors`]: general.md#build-options
+[Third Party Plugins]: https://github.com/rust-lang/mdBook/wiki/Third-party-plugins
+[Preprocessors for Developers]: ../../for_developers/preprocessors.md
+
+## Custom Preprocessor Configuration
+
+Preprocessors can be added by including a `preprocessor` table in `book.toml` with the name of the preprocessor.
+For example, if you have a preprocessor called `mdbook-example`, then you can include it with:
+
+```toml
+[preprocessor.example]
+```
+
+With this table, mdBook will execute the `mdbook-example` preprocessor.
+
+This table can include additional key-value pairs that are specific to the preprocessor.
+For example, if our example preprocessor needed some extra configuration options:
+
+```toml
+[preprocessor.example]
+some-extra-feature = true
+```
+
+## Locking a Preprocessor dependency to a renderer
+
+You can explicitly specify that a preprocessor should run for a renderer by
+binding the two together.
+
+```toml
+[preprocessor.example]
+renderers = ["html"]  # example preprocessor only runs with the HTML renderer
+```
+
+## Provide Your Own Command
+
+By default when you add a `[preprocessor.foo]` table to your `book.toml` file,
+`mdbook` will try to invoke the `mdbook-foo` executable. If you want to use a
+different program name or pass in command-line arguments, this behaviour can
+be overridden by adding a `command` field.
+
+```toml
+[preprocessor.random]
+command = "python random.py"
+```
+
+## Require A Certain Order
+
+The order in which preprocessors are run can be controlled with the `before` and `after` fields.
+For example, suppose you want your `linenos` preprocessor to process lines that may have been `{{#include}}`d; then you want it to run after the built-in `links` preprocessor, which you can require using either the `before` or `after` field:
+
+```toml
+[preprocessor.linenos]
+after = [ "links" ]
+```
+
+or
+
+```toml
+[preprocessor.links]
+before = [ "linenos" ]
+```
+
+It would also be possible, though redundant, to specify both of the above in the same config file.
+
+Preprocessors having the same priority specified through `before` and `after` are sorted by name.
+Any infinite loops will be detected and produce an error.

guide/src/format/configuration/renderers.md

@@ -0,0 +1,339 @@
+# Configuring Renderers
+
+Renderers (also called "backends") are responsible for creating the output of the book.
+
+The following backends are built-in:
+
+* [`html`](#html-renderer-options) --- This renders the book to HTML.
+  This is enabled by default if no other `[output]` tables are defined in `book.toml`.
+* [`markdown`](#markdown-renderer) --- This outputs the book as markdown after running the preprocessors.
+  This is useful for debugging preprocessors.
+
+The community has developed several backends.
+See the [Third Party Plugins] wiki page for a list of available backends.
+
+For information on how to create a new backend, see the [Backends for Developers] chapter.
+
+[Third Party Plugins]: https://github.com/rust-lang/mdBook/wiki/Third-party-plugins
+[Backends for Developers]: ../../for_developers/backends.md
+
+## Output tables
+
+Backends can be added by including a `output` table in `book.toml` with the name of the backend.
+For example, if you have a backend called `mdbook-wordcount`, then you can include it with:
+
+```toml
+[output.wordcount]
+```
+
+With this table, mdBook will execute the `mdbook-wordcount` backend.
+
+This table can include additional key-value pairs that are specific to the backend.
+For example, if our example backend needed some extra configuration options:
+
+```toml
+[output.wordcount]
+ignores = ["Example Chapter"]
+```
+
+If you define any `[output]` tables, then the `html` backend is not enabled by default.
+If you want to keep the `html` backend running, then just include it in the `book.toml` file.
+For example:
+
+```toml
+[book]
+title = "My Awesome Book"
+
+[output.wordcount]
+
+[output.html]
+```
+
+If more than one `output` table is included, this changes the behavior for the layout of the output directory.
+If there is only one backend, then it places its output directly in the `book` directory (see [`build.build-dir`] to override this location).
+If there is more than one backend, then each backend is placed in a separate directory underneath `book`.
+For example, the above would have directories `book/html` and `book/wordcount`.
+
+[`build.build-dir`]: general.md#build-options
+
+### Custom backend commands
+
+By default when you add an `[output.foo]` table to your `book.toml` file,
+`mdbook` will try to invoke the `mdbook-foo` executable.
+If you want to use a different program name or pass in command-line arguments,
+this behaviour can be overridden by adding a `command` field.
+
+```toml
+[output.random]
+command = "python random.py"
+```
+
+### Optional backends
+
+If you enable a backend that isn't installed, the default behavior is to throw an error.
+This behavior can be changed by marking the backend as optional:
+
+```toml
+[output.wordcount]
+optional = true
+```
+
+This demotes the error to a warning.
+
+
+## HTML renderer options
+
+The HTML renderer has a variety of options detailed below.
+They should be specified in the `[output.html]` table of the `book.toml` file.
+
+```toml
+# Example book.toml file with all output options.
+[book]
+title = "Example book"
+authors = ["John Doe", "Jane Doe"]
+description = "The example book covers examples."
+
+[output.html]
+theme = "my-theme"
+default-theme = "light"
+preferred-dark-theme = "navy"
+smart-punctuation = true
+mathjax-support = false
+copy-fonts = true
+additional-css = ["custom.css", "custom2.css"]
+additional-js = ["custom.js"]
+no-section-label = false
+git-repository-url = "https://github.com/rust-lang/mdBook"
+git-repository-icon = "fa-github"
+edit-url-template = "https://github.com/rust-lang/mdBook/edit/master/guide/{path}"
+site-url = "/example-book/"
+cname = "myproject.rs"
+input-404 = "not-found.md"
+```
+
+The following configuration options are available:
+
+- **theme:** mdBook comes with a default theme and all the resource files needed
+  for it. But if this option is set, mdBook will selectively overwrite the theme
+  files with the ones found in the specified folder.
+- **default-theme:** The theme color scheme to select by default in the
+  'Change Theme' dropdown. Defaults to `light`.
+- **preferred-dark-theme:** The default dark theme. This theme will be used if
+  the browser requests the dark version of the site via the
+  [`prefers-color-scheme`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-color-scheme)
+  CSS media query. Defaults to `navy`.
+- **smart-punctuation:** Converts quotes to curly quotes, `...` to `…`, `--` to en-dash, and `---` to em-dash.
+  See [Smart Punctuation](../markdown.md#smart-punctuation).
+  Defaults to `false`.
+- **curly-quotes:** Deprecated alias for `smart-punctuation`.
+- **mathjax-support:** Adds support for [MathJax](../mathjax.md). Defaults to
+  `false`.
+- **copy-fonts:** (**Deprecated**) If `true` (the default), mdBook uses its built-in fonts which are copied to the output directory.
+  If `false`, the built-in fonts will not be used.
+  This option is deprecated. If you want to define your own custom fonts,
+  create a `theme/fonts/fonts.css` file and store the fonts in the `theme/fonts/` directory.
+- **google-analytics:** This field has been deprecated and will be removed in a future release.
+  Use the `theme/head.hbs` file to add the appropriate Google Analytics code instead.
+- **additional-css:** If you need to slightly change the appearance of your book
+  without overwriting the whole style, you can specify a set of stylesheets that
+  will be loaded after the default ones where you can surgically change the
+  style.
+- **additional-js:** If you need to add some behaviour to your book without
+  removing the current behaviour, you can specify a set of JavaScript files that
+  will be loaded alongside the default one.
+- **no-section-label:** mdBook by defaults adds numeric section labels in the table of
+  contents column. For example, "1.", "2.1". Set this option to true to disable
+  those labels. Defaults to `false`.
+- **git-repository-url:**  A url to the git repository for the book. If provided
+  an icon link will be output in the menu bar of the book.
+- **git-repository-icon:** The FontAwesome icon class to use for the git
+  repository link. Defaults to `fa-github` which looks like <i class="fa fa-github"></i>.
+  If you are not using GitHub, another option to consider is `fa-code-fork` which looks like <i class="fa fa-code-fork"></i>.
+- **edit-url-template:** Edit url template, when provided shows a
+  "Suggest an edit" button (which looks like <i class="fa fa-edit"></i>) for directly jumping to editing the currently
+  viewed page. For e.g. GitHub projects set this to
+  `https://github.com/<owner>/<repo>/edit/<branch>/{path}` or for
+  Bitbucket projects set it to
+  `https://bitbucket.org/<owner>/<repo>/src/<branch>/{path}?mode=edit`
+  where {path} will be replaced with the full path of the file in the
+  repository.
+- **input-404:** The name of the markdown file used for missing files.
+  The corresponding output file will be the same, with the extension replaced with `html`.
+  Defaults to `404.md`.
+- **site-url:** The url where the book will be hosted. This is required to ensure
+  navigation links and script/css imports in the 404 file work correctly, even when accessing
+  urls in subdirectories. Defaults to `/`. If `site-url` is set,
+  make sure to use document relative links for your assets, meaning they should not start with `/`.
+- **cname:** The DNS subdomain or apex domain at which your book will be hosted.
+  This string will be written to a file named CNAME in the root of your site, as
+  required by GitHub Pages (see [*Managing a custom domain for your GitHub Pages
+  site*][custom domain]).
+- **hash-files:** Include a cryptographic "fingerprint" of the files' contents in static asset filenames,
+  so that if the contents of the file are changed, the name of the file will also change.
+  For example, `css/chrome.css` may become `css/chrome-9b8f428e.css`.
+  Chapter HTML files are not renamed.
+  Static CSS and JS files can reference each other using `{{ resource "filename" }}` directives.
+  Defaults to `false` (in a future release, this may change to `true`).
+
+[custom domain]: https://docs.github.com/en/github/working-with-github-pages/managing-a-custom-domain-for-your-github-pages-site
+
+### `[output.html.print]`
+
+The `[output.html.print]` table provides options for controlling the printable output.
+By default, mdBook will include an icon on the top right of the book (which looks like <i class="fa fa-print"></i>) that will print the book as a single page.
+
+```toml
+[output.html.print]
+enable = true    # include support for printable output
+page-break = true # insert page-break after each chapter
+```
+
+- **enable:** Enable print support. When `false`, all print support will not be
+  rendered. Defaults to `true`.
+- **page-break:** Insert page breaks between chapters. Defaults to `true`.
+
+### `[output.html.fold]`
+
+The `[output.html.fold]` table provides options for controlling folding of the chapter listing in the navigation sidebar.
+
+```toml
+[output.html.fold]
+enable = false    # whether or not to enable section folding
+level = 0         # the depth to start folding
+```
+
+- **enable:** Enable section-folding. When off, all folds are open.
+  Defaults to `false`.
+- **level:** The higher the more folded regions are open. When level is 0, all
+  folds are closed. Defaults to `0`.
+
+### `[output.html.playground]`
+
+The `[output.html.playground]` table provides options for controlling Rust sample code blocks, and their integration with the [Rust Playground].
+
+[Rust Playground]: https://play.rust-lang.org/
+
+```toml
+[output.html.playground]
+editable = false         # allows editing the source code
+copyable = true          # include the copy button for copying code snippets
+copy-js = true           # includes the JavaScript for the code editor
+line-numbers = false     # displays line numbers for editable code
+runnable = true          # displays a run button for rust code
+```
+
+- **editable:** Allow editing the source code. Defaults to `false`.
+- **copyable:** Display the copy button on code snippets. Defaults to `true`.
+- **copy-js:** Copy JavaScript files for the editor to the output directory.
+  Defaults to `true`.
+- **line-numbers:** Display line numbers on editable sections of code. Requires both `editable` and `copy-js` to be `true`. Defaults to `false`.
+- **runnable:** Displays a run button for rust code snippets. Changing this to `false` will disable the run in playground feature globally. Defaults to `true`.
+
+[Ace]: https://ace.c9.io/
+
+### `[output.html.code]`
+
+The `[output.html.code]` table provides options for controlling code blocks.
+
+```toml
+[output.html.code]
+# A prefix string per language (one or more chars).
+# Any line starting with whitespace+prefix is hidden.
+hidelines = { python = "~" }
+```
+
+- **hidelines:** A table that defines how [hidden code lines](../mdbook.md#hiding-code-lines) work for each language.
+  The key is the language and the value is a string that will cause code lines starting with that prefix to be hidden.
+
+### `[output.html.search]`
+
+The `[output.html.search]` table provides options for controlling the built-in text [search].
+mdBook must be compiled with the `search` feature enabled (on by default).
+
+[search]: ../../guide/reading.md#search
+
+```toml
+[output.html.search]
+enable = true            # enables the search feature
+limit-results = 30       # maximum number of search results
+teaser-word-count = 30   # number of words used for a search result teaser
+use-boolean-and = true   # multiple search terms must all match
+boost-title = 2          # ranking boost factor for matches in headers
+boost-hierarchy = 1      # ranking boost factor for matches in page names
+boost-paragraph = 1      # ranking boost factor for matches in text
+expand = true            # partial words will match longer terms
+heading-split-level = 3  # link results to heading levels
+copy-js = true           # include Javascript code for search
+```
+
+- **enable:** Enables the search feature. Defaults to `true`.
+- **limit-results:** The maximum number of search results. Defaults to `30`.
+- **teaser-word-count:** The number of words used for a search result teaser.
+  Defaults to `30`.
+- **use-boolean-and:** Define the logical link between multiple search words. If
+  true, all search words must appear in each result. Defaults to `false`.
+- **boost-title:** Boost factor for the search result score if a search word
+  appears in the header. Defaults to `2`.
+- **boost-hierarchy:** Boost factor for the search result score if a search word
+  appears in the hierarchy. The hierarchy contains all titles of the parent
+  documents and all parent headings. Defaults to `1`.
+- **boost-paragraph:** Boost factor for the search result score if a search word
+  appears in the text. Defaults to `1`.
+- **expand:** True if search should match longer results e.g. search `micro`
+  should match `microwave`. Defaults to `true`.
+- **heading-split-level:** Search results will link to a section of the document
+  which contains the result. Documents are split into sections by headings this
+  level or less. Defaults to `3`. (`### This is a level 3 heading`)
+- **copy-js:** Copy JavaScript files for the search implementation to the output
+  directory. Defaults to `true`.
+
+#### `[output.html.search.chapter]`
+
+The [`output.html.search.chapter`] table provides the ability to modify search settings per chapter or directory. Each key is the path to the chapter source file or directory, and the value is a table of settings to apply to that path. This will merge recursively, with more specific paths taking precedence.
+
+```toml
+[output.html.search.chapter]
+# Disables search indexing for all chapters in the `appendix` directory.
+"appendix" = { enable = false }
+# Enables search indexing for just this one appendix chapter.
+"appendix/glossary.md" = { enable = true }
+```
+
+- **enable:** Enables or disables search indexing for the given chapters. Defaults to `true`. This does not override the overall `output.html.search.enable` setting; that must be `true` for any search functionality to be enabled. Be cautious when disabling indexing for chapters because that can potentially lead to user confusion when they search for terms and expect them to be found. This should only be used in exceptional circumstances where keeping the chapter in the index will cause issues with the quality of the search results.
+
+### `[output.html.redirect]`
+
+The `[output.html.redirect]` table provides a way to add redirects.
+This is useful when you move, rename, or remove a page to ensure that links to the old URL will go to the new location.
+
+```toml
+[output.html.redirect]
+"/appendices/bibliography.html" = "https://rustc-dev-guide.rust-lang.org/appendix/bibliography.html"
+"/other-installation-methods.html" = "../infra/other-installation-methods.html"
+```
+
+The table contains key-value pairs where the key is where the redirect file needs to be created, as an absolute path from the build directory, (e.g. `/appendices/bibliography.html`).
+The value can be any valid URI the browser should navigate to (e.g. `https://rust-lang.org/`, `/overview.html`, or `../bibliography.html`).
+
+This will generate an HTML page which will automatically redirect to the given location.
+Note that the source location does not support `#` anchor redirects.
+
+## Markdown Renderer
+
+The Markdown renderer will run preprocessors and then output the resulting
+Markdown. This is mostly useful for debugging preprocessors, especially in
+conjunction with `mdbook test` to see the Markdown that `mdbook` is passing
+to `rustdoc`.
+
+The Markdown renderer is included with `mdbook` but disabled by default.
+Enable it by adding an empty table to your `book.toml` as follows:
+
+```toml
+[output.markdown]
+```
+
+There are no configuration options for the Markdown renderer at this time;
+only whether it is enabled or disabled.
+
+See [the preprocessors documentation](preprocessors.md) for how to
+specify which preprocessors should run before the Markdown renderer.

guide/src/format/example.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+fn main() {
+    println!("Hello World!");
+#
+#     // You can even hide lines! :D
+#     println!("I am hidden! Expand the code snippet to see me");
+}

guide/src/format/images/rust-logo-blk.svg

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guide/src/format/markdown.md

@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+# Markdown
+
+mdBook's [parser](https://github.com/raphlinus/pulldown-cmark) adheres to the [CommonMark](https://commonmark.org/) specification with some extensions described below.
+You can take a quick [tutorial](https://commonmark.org/help/tutorial/),
+or [try out](https://spec.commonmark.org/dingus/) CommonMark in real time. A complete Markdown overview is out of scope for 
+this documentation, but below is a high level overview of some of the basics. For a more in-depth experience, check out the
+[Markdown Guide](https://www.markdownguide.org).
+
+## Text and Paragraphs
+
+Text is rendered relatively predictably: 
+
+```markdown
+Here is a line of text.
+
+This is a new line.
+```
+
+Will look like you might expect:
+
+Here is a line of text.
+
+This is a new line.
+
+## Headings
+
+Headings use the `#` marker and should be on a line by themselves. More `#` mean smaller headings:
+
+```markdown
+### A heading 
+
+Some text.
+
+#### A smaller heading 
+
+More text.
+```
+
+### A heading 
+
+Some text.
+
+#### A smaller heading 
+
+More text.
+
+## Lists
+
+Lists can be unordered or ordered. Ordered lists will order automatically:
+
+```markdown
+* milk
+* eggs
+* butter
+
+1. carrots
+1. celery
+1. radishes
+```
+
+* milk
+* eggs
+* butter
+
+1. carrots
+1. celery
+1. radishes
+
+## Links
+
+Linking to a URL or local file is easy:
+
+```markdown
+Use [mdBook](https://github.com/rust-lang/mdBook). 
+
+Read about [mdBook](mdbook.md).
+
+A bare url: <https://www.rust-lang.org>.
+```
+
+Use [mdBook](https://github.com/rust-lang/mdBook). 
+
+Read about [mdBook](mdbook.md).
+
+A bare url: <https://www.rust-lang.org>.
+
+----
+
+Relative links that end with `.md` will be converted to the `.html` extension.
+It is recommended to use `.md` links when possible.
+This is useful when viewing the Markdown file outside of mdBook, for example on GitHub or GitLab which render Markdown automatically.
+
+Links to `README.md` will be converted to `index.html`.
+This is done since some services like GitHub render README files automatically, but web servers typically expect the root file to be called `index.html`.
+
+You can link to individual headings with `#` fragments.
+For example, `mdbook.md#text-and-paragraphs` would link to the [Text and Paragraphs](#text-and-paragraphs) section above.
+The ID is created by transforming the heading such as converting to lowercase and replacing spaces with dashes.
+You can click on any heading and look at the URL in your browser to see what the fragment looks like.
+
+## Images
+
+Including images is simply a matter of including a link to them, much like in the _Links_ section above. The following markdown
+includes the Rust logo SVG image found in the `images` directory at the same level as this file:
+
+```markdown
+![The Rust Logo](images/rust-logo-blk.svg)
+```
+
+Produces the following HTML when built with mdBook:
+
+```html
+<p><img src="images/rust-logo-blk.svg" alt="The Rust Logo" /></p>
+```
+
+Which, of course displays the image like so:
+
+![The Rust Logo](images/rust-logo-blk.svg)
+
+## Extensions
+
+mdBook has several extensions beyond the standard CommonMark specification.
+
+### Strikethrough
+
+Text may be rendered with a horizontal line through the center by wrapping the
+text with one or two tilde characters on each side:
+
+```text
+An example of ~~strikethrough text~~.
+```
+
+This example will render as:
+
+> An example of ~~strikethrough text~~.
+
+This follows the [GitHub Strikethrough extension][strikethrough].
+
+### Footnotes
+
+A footnote generates a small numbered link in the text which when clicked
+takes the reader to the footnote text at the bottom of the item. The footnote
+label is written similarly to a link reference with a caret at the front. The
+footnote text is written like a link reference definition, with the text
+following the label. Example:
+
+```text
+This is an example of a footnote[^note].
+
+[^note]: This text is the contents of the footnote, which will be rendered
+    towards the bottom.
+```
+
+This example will render as:
+
+> This is an example of a footnote[^note].
+>
+> [^note]: This text is the contents of the footnote, which will be rendered
+>     towards the bottom.
+
+The footnotes are automatically numbered based on the order the footnotes are
+written.
+
+### Tables
+
+Tables can be written using pipes and dashes to draw the rows and columns of
+the table. These will be translated to HTML table matching the shape. Example:
+
+```text
+| Header1 | Header2 |
+|---------|---------|
+| abc     | def     |
+```
+
+This example will render similarly to this:
+
+| Header1 | Header2 |
+|---------|---------|
+| abc     | def     |
+
+See the specification for the [GitHub Tables extension][tables] for more
+details on the exact syntax supported.
+
+### Task lists
+
+Task lists can be used as a checklist of items that have been completed.
+Example:
+
+```md
+- [x] Complete task
+- [ ] Incomplete task
+```
+
+This will render as:
+
+> - [x] Complete task
+> - [ ] Incomplete task
+
+See the specification for the [task list extension] for more details.
+
+### Smart punctuation
+
+Some ASCII punctuation sequences will be automatically turned into fancy Unicode
+characters:
+
+| ASCII sequence | Unicode |
+|----------------|---------|
+| `--`           | –       |
+| `---`          | —       |
+| `...`          | …       |
+| `"`            | “ or ”, depending on context |
+| `'`            | ‘ or ’, depending on context |
+
+So, no need to manually enter those Unicode characters!
+
+This feature is disabled by default.
+To enable it, see the [`output.html.smart-punctuation`] config option.
+
+[strikethrough]: https://github.github.com/gfm/#strikethrough-extension-
+[tables]: https://github.github.com/gfm/#tables-extension-
+[task list extension]: https://github.github.com/gfm/#task-list-items-extension-
+[`output.html.smart-punctuation`]: configuration/renderers.md#html-renderer-options
+
+### Heading attributes
+
+Headings can have a custom HTML ID and classes. This lets you maintain the same ID even if you change the heading's text, it also lets you add multiple classes in the heading.
+
+Example:
+```md
+# Example heading { #first .class1 .class2 }
+```
+
+This makes the level 1 heading with the content `Example heading`, ID `first`, and classes `class1` and `class2`. Note that the attributes should be space-separated.
+
+More information can be found in the [heading attrs spec page](https://github.com/raphlinus/pulldown-cmark/blob/master/pulldown-cmark/specs/heading_attrs.txt).

guide/src/format/mdbook.md

@@ -0,0 +1,365 @@
+# mdBook-specific features
+
+## Hiding code lines
+
+There is a feature in mdBook that lets you hide code lines by prepending them with a specific prefix.
+
+For the Rust language, you can prefix lines with `# ` (`#` followed by a space) to hide them [like you would with Rustdoc][rustdoc-hide].
+This prefix can be escaped with `##` to prevent the hiding of a line that should begin with the literal string `# ` (see [Rustdoc's docs][rustdoc-hide] for more details)
+
+[rustdoc-hide]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/rustdoc/write-documentation/documentation-tests.html#hiding-portions-of-the-example
+
+```bash
+# fn main() {
+    let x = 5;
+    let y = 6;
+
+    println!("{}", x + y);
+# }
+```
+
+Will render as
+
+```rust
+# fn main() {
+    let x = 5;
+    let y = 6;
+
+    println!("{}", x + y);
+# }
+```
+
+When you tap or hover the mouse over the code block, there will be an eyeball icon (<i class="fa fa-eye"></i>) which will toggle the visibility of the hidden lines.
+
+By default, this only works for code examples that are annotated with `rust`.
+However, you can define custom prefixes for other languages by adding a new line-hiding prefix in your `book.toml` with the language name and prefix character(s):
+
+```toml
+[output.html.code.hidelines]
+python = "~"
+```
+
+The prefix will hide any lines that begin with the given prefix. With the python prefix shown above, this:
+
+```bash
+~hidden()
+nothidden():
+~    hidden()
+    ~hidden()
+    nothidden()
+```
+
+will render as
+
+```python
+~hidden()
+nothidden():
+~    hidden()
+    ~hidden()
+    nothidden()
+```
+
+This behavior can be overridden locally with a different prefix. This has the same effect as above:
+
+~~~markdown
+```python,hidelines=!!!
+!!!hidden()
+nothidden():
+!!!    hidden()
+    !!!hidden()
+    nothidden()
+```
+~~~
+
+## Rust Playground
+
+Rust language code blocks will automatically get a play button (<i class="fa fa-play"></i>) which will execute the code and display the output just below the code block.
+This works by sending the code to the [Rust Playground].
+
+```rust
+println!("Hello, World!");
+```
+
+If there is no `main` function, then the code is automatically wrapped inside one.
+
+If you wish to disable the play button for a code block, you can include the `noplayground` option on the code block like this:
+
+~~~markdown
+```rust,noplayground
+let mut name = String::new();
+std::io::stdin().read_line(&mut name).expect("failed to read line");
+println!("Hello {}!", name);
+```
+~~~
+
+Or, if you wish to disable the play button for all code blocks in your book, you can write the config to the `book.toml` like this.
+
+```toml
+[output.html.playground]
+runnable = false
+```
+
+## Rust code block attributes
+
+Additional attributes can be included in Rust code blocks with comma, space, or tab-separated terms just after the language term. For example:
+
+~~~markdown
+```rust,ignore
+# This example won't be tested.
+panic!("oops!");
+```
+~~~
+
+These are particularly important when using [`mdbook test`] to test Rust examples.
+These use the same attributes as [rustdoc attributes], with a few additions:
+
+* `editable` --- Enables the [editor].
+* `noplayground` --- Removes the play button, but will still be tested.
+* `mdbook-runnable` --- Forces the play button to be displayed.
+  This is intended to be combined with the `ignore` attribute for examples that should not be tested, but you want to allow the reader to run.
+* `ignore` --- Will not be tested and no play button is shown, but it is still highlighted as Rust syntax.
+* `should_panic` --- When executed, it should produce a panic.
+* `no_run` --- The code is compiled when tested, but it is not run.
+  The play button is also not shown.
+* `compile_fail` --- The code should fail to compile.
+* `edition2015`, `edition2018`, `edition2021`, `edition2024` --- Forces the use of a specific Rust edition.
+  See [`rust.edition`] to set this globally.
+
+[`mdbook test`]: ../cli/test.md
+[rustdoc attributes]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/rustdoc/documentation-tests.html#attributes
+[editor]: theme/editor.md
+[`rust.edition`]: configuration/general.md#rust-options
+
+## Including files
+
+With the following syntax, you can include files into your book:
+
+```hbs
+\{{#include file.rs}}
+```
+
+The path to the file has to be relative from the current source file.
+
+mdBook will interpret included files as Markdown. Since the include command
+is usually used for inserting code snippets and examples, you will often
+wrap the command with ```` ``` ```` to display the file contents without
+interpreting them.
+
+````hbs
+```
+\{{#include file.rs}}
+```
+````
+
+## Including portions of a file
+Often you only need a specific part of the file, e.g. relevant lines for an
+example. We support four different modes of partial includes:
+
+```hbs
+\{{#include file.rs:2}}
+\{{#include file.rs::10}}
+\{{#include file.rs:2:}}
+\{{#include file.rs:2:10}}
+```
+
+The first command only includes the second line from file `file.rs`. The second
+command includes all lines up to line 10, i.e. the lines from 11 till the end of
+the file are omitted. The third command includes all lines from line 2, i.e. the
+first line is omitted. The last command includes the excerpt of `file.rs`
+consisting of lines 2 to 10.
+
+To avoid breaking your book when modifying included files, you can also
+include a specific section using anchors instead of line numbers.
+An anchor is a pair of matching lines. The line beginning an anchor must
+match the regex `ANCHOR:\s*[\w_-]+` and similarly the ending line must match
+the regex `ANCHOR_END:\s*[\w_-]+`. This allows you to put anchors in
+any kind of commented line.
+
+Consider the following file to include:
+```rs
+/* ANCHOR: all */
+
+// ANCHOR: component
+struct Paddle {
+    hello: f32,
+}
+// ANCHOR_END: component
+
+////////// ANCHOR: system
+impl System for MySystem { ... }
+////////// ANCHOR_END: system
+
+/* ANCHOR_END: all */
+```
+
+Then in the book, all you have to do is:
+````hbs
+Here is a component:
+```rust,no_run,noplayground
+\{{#include file.rs:component}}
+```
+
+Here is a system:
+```rust,no_run,noplayground
+\{{#include file.rs:system}}
+```
+
+This is the full file.
+```rust,no_run,noplayground
+\{{#include file.rs:all}}
+```
+````
+
+Lines containing anchor patterns inside the included anchor are ignored.
+
+## Including a file but initially hiding all except specified lines
+
+The `rustdoc_include` helper is for including code from external Rust files that contain complete
+examples, but only initially showing particular lines specified with line numbers or anchors in the
+same way as with `include`.
+
+The lines not in the line number range or between the anchors will still be included, but they will
+be prefaced with `#`. This way, a reader can expand the snippet to see the complete example, and
+Rustdoc will use the complete example when you run `mdbook test`.
+
+For example, consider a file named `file.rs` that contains this Rust program:
+
+```rust
+fn main() {
+    let x = add_one(2);
+    assert_eq!(x, 3);
+}
+
+fn add_one(num: i32) -> i32 {
+    num + 1
+}
+```
+
+We can include a snippet that initially shows only line 2 by using this syntax:
+
+````hbs
+To call the `add_one` function, we pass it an `i32` and bind the returned value to `x`:
+
+```rust
+\{{#rustdoc_include file.rs:2}}
+```
+````
+
+This would have the same effect as if we had manually inserted the code and hidden all but line 2
+using `#`:
+
+````hbs
+To call the `add_one` function, we pass it an `i32` and bind the returned value to `x`:
+
+```rust
+# fn main() {
+    let x = add_one(2);
+#     assert_eq!(x, 3);
+# }
+#
+# fn add_one(num: i32) -> i32 {
+#     num + 1
+# }
+```
+````
+
+That is, it looks like this (click the "expand" icon to see the rest of the file):
+
+```rust
+# fn main() {
+    let x = add_one(2);
+#     assert_eq!(x, 3);
+# }
+#
+# fn add_one(num: i32) -> i32 {
+#     num + 1
+# }
+```
+
+## Inserting runnable Rust files
+
+With the following syntax, you can insert runnable Rust files into your book:
+
+```hbs
+\{{#playground file.rs}}
+```
+
+The path to the Rust file has to be relative from the current source file.
+
+When play is clicked, the code snippet will be sent to the [Rust Playground] to be
+compiled and run. The result is sent back and displayed directly underneath the
+code.
+
+Here is what a rendered code snippet looks like:
+
+{{#playground example.rs}}
+
+Any additional values passed after the filename will be included as attributes of the code block.
+For example `\{{#playground example.rs editable}}` will create the code block like the following:
+
+~~~markdown
+```rust,editable
+# Contents of example.rs here.
+```
+~~~
+
+And the `editable` attribute will enable the [editor] as described at [Rust code block attributes](#rust-code-block-attributes).
+
+[Rust Playground]: https://play.rust-lang.org/
+
+## Controlling page \<title\>
+
+A chapter can set a \<title\> that is different from its entry in the table of
+contents (sidebar) by including a `\{{#title ...}}` near the top of the page.
+
+```hbs
+\{{#title My Title}}
+```
+
+## HTML classes provided by mdBook
+
+<img class="right" src="images/rust-logo-blk.svg" alt="The Rust logo">
+
+### `class="left"` and `"right"`
+
+These classes are provided by default, for inline HTML to float images.
+
+```html
+<img class="right" src="images/rust-logo-blk.svg" alt="The Rust logo">
+```
+
+### `class="hidden"`
+
+HTML tags with class `hidden` will not be shown.
+
+```html
+<div class="hidden">This will not be seen.</div>
+```
+
+<div class="hidden">This will not be seen.</div>
+
+### `class="warning"`
+
+To make a warning or similar note stand out, wrap it in a warning div.
+
+```html
+<div class="warning">
+
+This is a bad thing that you should pay attention to.
+
+Warning blocks should be used sparingly in documentation, to avoid "warning
+fatigue," where people are trained to ignore them because they usually don't
+matter for what they're doing.
+
+</div>
+```
+
+<div class="warning">
+
+This is a bad thing that you should pay attention to.
+
+Warning blocks should be used sparingly in documentation, to avoid "warning
+fatigue," where people are trained to ignore them because they usually don't
+matter for what they're doing.
+
+</div>

guide/src/format/summary.md

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+# SUMMARY.md
+
+The summary file is used by mdBook to know what chapters to include, in what
+order they should appear, what their hierarchy is and where the source files
+are. Without this file, there is no book.
+
+This markdown file must be named `SUMMARY.md`. Its formatting
+is very strict and must follow the structure outlined below to allow for easy
+parsing. Any element not specified below, be it formatting or textual, is likely
+to be ignored at best, or may cause an error when attempting to build the book.
+
+### Structure
+
+1. ***Title*** - While optional, it's common practice to begin with a title, generally <code
+   class="language-markdown"># Summary</code>. This is ignored by the parser however, and
+   can be omitted.
+   ```markdown
+   # Summary
+   ```
+
+1. ***Prefix Chapter*** - Before the main numbered chapters, prefix chapters can be added
+   that will not be numbered. This is useful for forewords,
+   introductions, etc. There are, however, some constraints. Prefix chapters cannot be
+   nested; they should all be on the root level. And you cannot add
+   prefix chapters once you have added numbered chapters.
+   ```markdown
+   [A Prefix Chapter](relative/path/to/markdown.md)
+
+   - [First Chapter](relative/path/to/markdown2.md)
+   ```
+
+1. ***Part Title*** -
+   Level 1 headers can be used as a title for the following numbered chapters.
+   This can be used to logically separate different sections of the book.
+   The title is rendered as unclickable text.
+   Titles are optional, and the numbered chapters can be broken into as many parts as desired.
+   Part titles must be h1 headers (one `#`), other heading levels are ignored.
+   ```markdown
+   # My Part Title
+
+   - [First Chapter](relative/path/to/markdown.md)
+   ```
+
+1. ***Numbered Chapter*** - Numbered chapters outline the main content of the book
+   and can be nested, resulting in a nice hierarchy
+   (chapters, sub-chapters, etc.).
+   ```markdown
+   # Title of Part
+
+   - [First Chapter](relative/path/to/markdown.md)
+   - [Second Chapter](relative/path/to/markdown2.md)
+      - [Sub Chapter](relative/path/to/markdown3.md)
+
+   # Title of Another Part
+
+   - [Another Chapter](relative/path/to/markdown4.md)
+   ```
+   Numbered chapters can be denoted with either `-` or `*` (do not mix delimiters). 
+   
+1. ***Suffix Chapter*** - Like prefix chapters, suffix chapters are unnumbered, but they come after 
+   numbered chapters.
+   ```markdown
+   - [Last Chapter](relative/path/to/markdown.md)
+
+   [Title of Suffix Chapter](relative/path/to/markdown2.md)
+   ```
+
+1. ***Draft chapters*** - Draft chapters are chapters without a file and thus content.
+   The purpose of a draft chapter is to signal future chapters still to be written.
+   Or when still laying out the structure of the book to avoid creating the files
+   while you are still changing the structure of the book a lot.
+   Draft chapters will be rendered in the HTML renderer as disabled links in the table
+   of contents, as you can see for the next chapter in the table of contents on the left.
+   Draft chapters are written like normal chapters but without writing the path to the file.
+   ```markdown
+   - [Draft Chapter]()
+   ```
+
+1. ***Separators*** - Separators can be added before, in between, and after any other element. They result
+   in an HTML rendered line in the built table of contents.  A separator is
+   a line containing exclusively dashes and at least three of them: `---`.
+   ```markdown
+   # My Part Title
+   
+   [A Prefix Chapter](relative/path/to/markdown.md)
+
+   ---
+
+   - [First Chapter](relative/path/to/markdown2.md)
+   ```
+  
+
+### Example
+
+Below is the markdown source for the `SUMMARY.md` for this guide, with the resulting table
+of contents as rendered to the left.
+
+```markdown
+{{#include ../SUMMARY.md}}
+```

guide/src/format/theme/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+# Theme
+
+The default renderer uses a [handlebars](https://handlebarsjs.com) template to
+render your markdown files and comes with a default theme included in the mdBook
+binary.
+
+The theme is totally customizable, you can selectively replace every file from
+the theme by your own by adding a `theme` directory next to `src` folder in your
+project root. Create a new file with the name of the file you want to override
+and now that file will be used instead of the default file.
+
+Here are the files you can override:
+
+- **_index.hbs_** is the handlebars template.
+- **_head.hbs_** is appended to the HTML `<head>` section.
+- **_header.hbs_** content is appended on top of every book page.
+- **_css/_** contains the CSS files for styling the book.
+    - **_css/chrome.css_** is for UI elements.
+    - **_css/general.css_** is the base styles.
+    - **_css/print.css_** is the style for printer output.
+    - **_css/variables.css_** contains variables used in other CSS files.
+- **_book.js_** is mostly used to add client side functionality, like hiding /
+  un-hiding the sidebar, changing the theme, ...
+- **_highlight.js_** is the JavaScript that is used to highlight code snippets,
+  you should not need to modify this.
+- **_highlight.css_** is the theme used for the code highlighting.
+- **_favicon.svg_** and **_favicon.png_** the favicon that will be used. The SVG
+  version is used by [newer browsers].
+- **fonts/fonts.css** contains the definition of which fonts to load.
+  Custom fonts can be included in the `fonts` directory.
+
+Generally, when you want to tweak the theme, you don't need to override all the
+files. If you only need changes in the stylesheet, there is no point in
+overriding all the other files. Because custom files take precedence over
+built-in ones, they will not get updated with new fixes / features.
+
+**Note:** When you override a file, it is possible that you break some
+functionality. Therefore I recommend to use the file from the default theme as
+template and only add / modify what you need. You can copy the default theme
+into your source directory automatically by using `mdbook init --theme` and just
+remove the files you don't want to override.
+
+`mdbook init --theme` will not create every file listed above.
+Some files, such as `head.hbs`, do not have built-in equivalents.
+Just create the file if you need it.
+
+If you completely replace all built-in themes, be sure to also set
+[`output.html.preferred-dark-theme`] in the config, which defaults to the
+built-in `navy` theme.
+
+[`output.html.preferred-dark-theme`]: ../configuration/renderers.md#html-renderer-options
+[newer browsers]: https://caniuse.com/#feat=link-icon-svg

guide/src/format/theme/editor.md

@@ -1,25 +1,27 @@
 # Editor
 
-In addition to providing runnable code playpens, mdBook optionally allows them
+In addition to providing runnable code playgrounds, mdBook optionally allows them
 to be editable. In order to enable editable code blocks, the following needs to
 be added to the ***book.toml***:
 
 ```toml
-[output.html.playpen]
+[output.html.playground]
 editable = true
 ```
 
-To make a specific block available for editing, the attribute `editable` needs
-to be added to it:
+After enabling editable code blocks, the `editable` attribute must be added to a
+code block to make it editable:
 
-<pre><code class="language-markdown">```rust,editable
+~~~markdown
+```rust,editable
 fn main() {
     let number = 5;
     print!("{}", number);
 }
-```</code></pre>
+```
+~~~
 
-The above will result in this editable playpen:
+The above will result in this editable playground:
 
 ```rust,editable
 fn main() {
@@ -28,19 +30,19 @@ fn main() {
 }
 ```
 
-Note the new `Undo Changes` button in the editable playpens.
+Note the new `Undo Changes` button in the editable playgrounds.
 
 ## Customizing the Editor
 
 By default, the editor is the [Ace](https://ace.c9.io/) editor, but, if desired,
-the functionality may be overriden by providing a different folder:
+the functionality may be overridden by providing a different folder:
 
 ```toml
-[output.html.playpen]
+[output.html.playground]
 editable = true
 editor = "/path/to/editor"
 ```
 
 Note that for the editor changes to function correctly, the `book.js` inside of
-the `theme` folder will need to be overriden as it has some couplings with the
+the `theme` folder will need to be overridden as it has some couplings with the
 default Ace editor.

guide/src/format/theme/index-hbs.md

@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+# index.hbs
+
+`index.hbs` is the handlebars template that is used to render the book. The
+markdown files are processed to html and then injected in that template.
+
+If you want to change the layout or style of your book, chances are that you
+will have to modify this template a little bit. Here is what you need to know.
+
+## Data
+
+A lot of data is exposed to the handlebars template with the "context". In the
+handlebars template you can access this information by using
+
+```handlebars
+{{name_of_property}}
+```
+
+Here is a list of the properties that are exposed:
+
+- ***language*** Language of the book in the form `en`, as specified in `book.toml` (if not specified, defaults to `en`). To use in <code
+  class="language-html">\<html lang=\"{{ language }}\"></code> for example.
+- ***title*** Title used for the current page. This is identical to `{{ chapter_title }} - {{ book_title }}` unless `book_title` is not set in which case it just defaults to the `chapter_title`.
+- ***book_title*** Title of the book, as specified in `book.toml`
+- ***chapter_title*** Title of the current chapter, as listed in `SUMMARY.md`
+
+- ***path*** Relative path to the original markdown file from the source
+  directory
+- ***content*** This is the rendered markdown.
+- ***path_to_root*** This is a path containing exclusively `../`'s that points
+  to the root of the book from the current file. Since the original directory
+  structure is maintained, it is useful to prepend relative links with this
+  `path_to_root`.
+
+- ***chapters*** Is an array of dictionaries of the form
+  ```json
+  {"section": "1.2.1", "name": "name of this chapter", "path": "dir/markdown.md"}
+  ```
+  containing all the chapters of the book. It is used for example to construct
+  the table of contents (sidebar).
+
+## Handlebars Helpers
+
+In addition to the properties you can access, there are some handlebars helpers
+at your disposal.
+
+### 1. toc
+
+The toc helper is used like this
+
+```handlebars
+{{#toc}}{{/toc}}
+```
+
+and outputs something that looks like this, depending on the structure of your
+book
+
+```html
+<ul class="chapter">
+    <li><a href="link/to/file.html">Some chapter</a></li>
+    <li>
+        <ul class="section">
+            <li><a href="link/to/other_file.html">Some other Chapter</a></li>
+        </ul>
+    </li>
+</ul>
+```
+
+If you would like to make a toc with another structure, you have access to the
+chapters property containing all the data. The only limitation at the moment
+is that you would have to do it with JavaScript instead of with a handlebars
+helper.
+
+```html
+<script>
+var chapters = {{chapters}};
+// Processing here
+</script>
+```
+
+### 2. previous / next
+
+The previous and next helpers expose a `link` and `title` property to the
+previous and next chapters.
+
+They are used like this
+
+```handlebars
+{{#previous}}
+    <a href="{{link}}" class="nav-chapters previous">
+        <i class="fa fa-angle-left"></i> {{title}}
+    </a>
+{{/previous}}
+```
+
+The inner html will only be rendered if the previous / next chapter exists.
+Of course the inner html can be changed to your liking.
+
+------
+
+*If you would like other properties or helpers exposed, please [create a new
+issue](https://github.com/rust-lang/mdBook/issues)*
+
+### 3. resource
+
+The path to a static file.
+It implicitly includes `path_to_root`,
+and accounts for files that are renamed with a hash in their filename.
+
+```handlebars
+<link rel="stylesheet" href="{{ resource "css/chrome.css" }}">
+```

guide/src/format/theme/syntax-highlighting.md

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+# Syntax Highlighting
+
+mdBook uses [Highlight.js](https://highlightjs.org) with a custom theme
+for syntax highlighting.
+
+Automatic language detection has been turned off, so you will probably want to
+specify the programming language you use like this:
+
+~~~markdown
+```rust
+fn main() {
+    // Some code
+}
+```
+~~~
+
+## Supported languages
+
+These languages are supported by default, but you can add more by supplying
+your own `highlight.js` file:
+
+- apache
+- armasm
+- bash
+- c
+- coffeescript
+- cpp
+- csharp
+- css
+- d
+- diff
+- go
+- handlebars
+- haskell
+- http
+- ini
+- java
+- javascript
+- json
+- julia
+- kotlin
+- less
+- lua
+- makefile
+- markdown
+- nginx
+- nim
+- nix
+- objectivec
+- perl
+- php
+- plaintext
+- properties
+- python
+- r
+- ruby
+- rust
+- scala
+- scss
+- shell
+- sql
+- swift
+- typescript
+- x86asm
+- xml
+- yaml
+
+## Custom theme
+Like the rest of the theme, the files used for syntax highlighting can be
+overridden with your own.
+
+- ***highlight.js*** normally you shouldn't have to overwrite this file, unless
+  you want to use a more recent version.
+- ***highlight.css*** theme used by highlight.js for syntax highlighting.
+
+If you want to use another theme for `highlight.js` download it from their
+website, or make it yourself, rename it to `highlight.css` and put it in
+the `theme` folder of your book.
+
+Now your theme will be used instead of the default theme.
+
+## Improve default theme
+
+If you think the default theme doesn't look quite right for a specific language,
+or could be improved, feel free to [submit a new
+issue](https://github.com/rust-lang/mdBook/issues) explaining what you
+have in mind and I will take a look at it.
+
+You could also create a pull-request with the proposed improvements.
+
+Overall the theme should be light and sober, without too many flashy colors.

guide/src/guide/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# User Guide
+
+This user guide provides an introduction to basic concepts of using mdBook.
+
+- [Installation](installation.md)
+- [Reading Books](reading.md)
+- [Creating a Book](creating.md)

guide/src/guide/creating.md

@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+# Creating a Book
+
+Once you have the `mdbook` CLI tool installed, you can use it to create and render a book.
+
+## Initializing a book
+
+The `mdbook init` command will create a new directory containing an empty book for you to get started.
+Give it the name of the directory that you want to create:
+
+```sh
+mdbook init my-first-book
+```
+
+It will ask a few questions before generating the book.
+After answering the questions, you can change the current directory into the new book:
+
+```sh
+cd my-first-book
+```
+
+There are several ways to render a book, but one of the easiest methods is to use the `serve` command, which will build your book and start a local webserver:
+
+```sh
+mdbook serve --open
+```
+
+The `--open` option will open your default web browser to view your new book.
+You can leave the server running even while you edit the content of the book, and `mdbook` will automatically rebuild the output *and* automatically refresh your web browser.
+
+Check out the [CLI Guide](../cli/index.html) for more information about other `mdbook` commands and CLI options.
+
+## Anatomy of a book
+
+A book is built from several files which define the settings and layout of the book.
+
+### `book.toml`
+
+In the root of your book, there is a `book.toml` file which contains settings for describing how to build your book.
+This is written in the [TOML markup language](https://toml.io/).
+The default settings are usually good enough to get you started.
+When you are interested in exploring more features and options that mdBook provides, check out the [Configuration chapter](../format/configuration/index.html) for more details.
+
+A very basic `book.toml` can be as simple as this:
+
+```toml
+[book]
+title = "My First Book"
+```
+
+### `SUMMARY.md`
+
+The next major part of a book is the summary file located at `src/SUMMARY.md`.
+This file contains a list of all the chapters in the book.
+Before a chapter can be viewed, it must be added to this list.
+
+Here's a basic summary file with a few chapters:
+
+```md
+# Summary
+
+[Introduction](README.md)
+
+- [My First Chapter](my-first-chapter.md)
+- [Nested example](nested/README.md)
+    - [Sub-chapter](nested/sub-chapter.md)
+```
+
+Try opening up `src/SUMMARY.md` in your editor and adding a few chapters.
+If any of the chapter files do not exist, `mdbook` will automatically create them for you.
+
+For more details on other formatting options for the summary file, check out the [Summary chapter](../format/summary.md).
+
+### Source files
+
+The content of your book is all contained in the `src` directory.
+Each chapter is a separate Markdown file.
+Typically, each chapter starts with a level 1 heading with the title of the chapter.
+
+```md
+# My First Chapter
+
+Fill out your content here.
+```
+
+The precise layout of the files is up to you.
+The organization of the files will correspond to the HTML files generated, so keep in mind that the file layout is part of the URL of each chapter.
+
+While the `mdbook serve` command is running, you can open any of the chapter files and start editing them.
+Each time you save the file, `mdbook` will rebuild the book and refresh your web browser.
+
+Check out the [Markdown chapter](../format/markdown.md) for more information on formatting the content of your chapters.
+
+All other files in the `src` directory will be included in the output.
+So if you have images or other static files, just include them somewhere in the `src` directory.
+
+## Publishing a book
+
+Once you've written your book, you may want to host it somewhere for others to view.
+The first step is to build the output of the book.
+This can be done with the `mdbook build` command in the same directory where the `book.toml` file is located:
+
+```sh
+mdbook build
+```
+
+This will generate a directory named `book` which contains the HTML content of your book.
+You can then place this directory on any web server to host it.
+
+For more information about publishing and deploying, check out the [Continuous Integration chapter](../continuous-integration.md) for more.

guide/src/guide/installation.md

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+# Installation
+
+There are multiple ways to install the mdBook CLI tool.
+Choose any one of the methods below that best suit your needs.
+If you are installing mdBook for automatic deployment, check out the [continuous integration] chapter for more examples on how to install.
+
+[continuous integration]: ../continuous-integration.md
+
+## Pre-compiled binaries
+
+Executable binaries are available for download on the [GitHub Releases page][releases].
+Download the binary for your platform (Windows, macOS, or Linux) and extract the archive.
+The archive contains an `mdbook` executable which you can run to build your books.
+
+To make it easier to run, put the path to the binary into your `PATH`.
+
+[releases]: https://github.com/rust-lang/mdBook/releases
+
+## Build from source using Rust
+
+To build the `mdbook` executable from source, you will first need to install Rust and Cargo.
+Follow the instructions on the [Rust installation page].
+mdBook currently requires at least Rust version 1.82.
+
+Once you have installed Rust, the following command can be used to build and install mdBook:
+
+```sh
+cargo install mdbook
+```
+
+This will automatically download mdBook from [crates.io], build it, and install it in Cargo's global binary directory (`~/.cargo/bin/` by default).
+
+You can run `cargo install mdbook` again whenever you want to update to a new version.
+That command will check if there is a newer version, and re-install mdBook if a newer version is found.
+
+To uninstall, run the command `cargo uninstall mdbook`.
+
+[Rust installation page]: https://www.rust-lang.org/tools/install
+[crates.io]: https://crates.io/
+
+### Installing the latest master version
+
+The version published to crates.io will ever so slightly be behind the version hosted on GitHub.
+If you need the latest version you can build the git version of mdBook yourself.
+Cargo makes this ***super easy***!
+
+```sh
+cargo install --git https://github.com/rust-lang/mdBook.git mdbook
+```
+
+Again, make sure to add the Cargo bin directory to your `PATH`.
+
+## Modifying and contributing
+
+If you are interested in making modifications to mdBook itself, check out the [Contributing Guide] for more information.
+
+[Contributing Guide]: https://github.com/rust-lang/mdBook/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md

guide/src/guide/reading.md

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+# Reading Books
+
+This chapter gives an introduction on how to interact with a book produced by mdBook.
+This assumes you are reading an HTML book.
+The options and formatting will be different for other output formats such as PDF.
+
+A book is organized into *chapters*.
+Each chapter is a separate page.
+Chapters can be nested into a hierarchy of sub-chapters.
+Typically, each chapter will be organized into a series of *headings* to subdivide a chapter.
+
+## Navigation
+
+There are several methods for navigating through the chapters of a book.
+
+The **sidebar** on the left provides a list of all chapters.
+Clicking on any of the chapter titles will load that page.
+
+The sidebar may not automatically appear if the window is too narrow, particularly on mobile displays.
+In that situation, the menu icon (three horizontal bars) at the top-left of the page can be pressed to open and close the sidebar.
+
+The **arrow buttons** at the bottom of the page can be used to navigate to the previous or the next chapter.
+
+The **left and right arrow keys** on the keyboard can be used to navigate to the previous or the next chapter.
+
+## Top menu bar
+
+The menu bar at the top of the page provides some icons for interacting with the book.
+The icons displayed will depend on the settings of how the book was generated.
+
+| Icon | Description |
+|------|-------------|
+| <i class="fa fa-bars"></i> | Opens and closes the chapter listing sidebar. |
+| <i class="fa fa-paint-brush"></i> | Opens a picker to choose a different color theme. |
+| <i class="fa fa-search"></i> | Opens a search bar for searching within the book. |
+| <i class="fa fa-print"></i> | Instructs the web browser to print the entire book. |
+| <i class="fa fa-github"></i> | Opens a link to the website that hosts the source code of the book. |
+| <i class="fa fa-edit"></i> | Opens a page to directly edit the source of the page you are currently reading. |
+
+Tapping the menu bar will scroll the page to the top.
+
+## Search
+
+Each book has a built-in search system.
+Pressing the search icon (<i class="fa fa-search"></i>) in the menu bar, or pressing the <kbd>/</kbd> or <kbd>S</kbd> key on the keyboard will open an input box for entering search terms.
+Typing some terms will show matching chapters and sections in real time.
+
+Clicking any of the results will jump to that section.
+The up and down arrow keys can be used to navigate the results, and enter will open the highlighted section.
+
+After loading a search result, the matching search terms will be highlighted in the text.
+Clicking a highlighted word or pressing the <kbd>Escape</kbd> key will remove the highlighting.
+
+## Code blocks
+
+mdBook books are often used for programming projects, and thus support highlighting code blocks and samples.
+Code blocks may contain several different icons for interacting with them:
+
+| Icon | Description |
+|------|-------------|
+| <i class="fa fa-copy"></i> | Copies the code block into your local clipboard, to allow pasting into another application. |
+| <i class="fa fa-play"></i> | For Rust code examples, this will execute the sample code and display the compiler output just below the example (see [playground]). |
+| <i class="fa fa-eye"></i> | For Rust code examples, this will toggle visibility of "hidden" lines. Sometimes, larger examples will hide lines which are not particularly relevant to what is being illustrated (see [hiding code lines]). |
+| <i class="fa fa-history"></i> | For [editable code examples][editor], this will undo any changes you have made. |
+
+Here's an example:
+
+```rust
+println!("Hello, World!");
+```
+
+[editor]: ../format/theme/editor.md
+[playground]: ../format/mdbook.md#rust-playground
+[hiding code lines]: ../format/mdbook.md#hiding-code-lines

guide/src/misc/contributors.md

@@ -15,6 +15,10 @@ shout-out to them!
 - [projektir](https://github.com/projektir)
 - [Phaiax](https://github.com/Phaiax)
 - Matt Ickstadt ([mattico](https://github.com/mattico))
-- Weihang Lo ([@weihanglo](https://github.com/weihanglo))
+- Weihang Lo ([weihanglo](https://github.com/weihanglo))
+- Avision Ho ([avisionh](https://github.com/avisionh))
+- Vivek Akupatni ([apatniv](https://github.com/apatniv))
+- Eric Huss ([ehuss](https://github.com/ehuss))
+- Josh Rotenberg ([joshrotenberg](https://github.com/joshrotenberg))
 
-If you feel you're missing from this list, feel free to add yourself in a PR.
+If you feel you're missing from this list, feel free to add yourself in a PR.

package.json

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "dependencies": {
+    "browser-ui-test": "0.19.0",
+    "eslint": "^8.57.1"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "lint": "eslint src/front-end/*js src/front-end/**/*js",
+    "lint-fix": "eslint --fix src/front-end/*js src/front-end/**/*js"
+  }  
+}

src/book/book.rs

@@ -5,8 +5,11 @@ use std::io::{Read, Write};
 use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
 
 use super::summary::{parse_summary, Link, SectionNumber, Summary, SummaryItem};
-use config::BuildConfig;
-use errors::*;
+use crate::config::BuildConfig;
+use crate::errors::*;
+use crate::utils::bracket_escape;
+use log::debug;
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
 /// Load a book into memory from its `src/` directory.
 pub fn load_book<P: AsRef<Path>>(src_dir: P, cfg: &BuildConfig) -> Result<Book> {
@@ -14,14 +17,15 @@ pub fn load_book<P: AsRef<Path>>(src_dir: P, cfg: &BuildConfig) -> Result<Book>
     let summary_md = src_dir.join("SUMMARY.md");
 
     let mut summary_content = String::new();
-    File::open(summary_md)
-        .chain_err(|| "Couldn't open SUMMARY.md")?
+    File::open(&summary_md)
+        .with_context(|| format!("Couldn't open SUMMARY.md in {src_dir:?} directory"))?
         .read_to_string(&mut summary_content)?;
 
-    let summary = parse_summary(&summary_content).chain_err(|| "Summary parsing failed")?;
+    let summary = parse_summary(&summary_content)
+        .with_context(|| format!("Summary parsing failed for file={summary_md:?}"))?;
 
     if cfg.create_missing {
-        create_missing(&src_dir, &summary).chain_err(|| "Unable to create missing chapters")?;
+        create_missing(src_dir, &summary).with_context(|| "Unable to create missing chapters")?;
     }
 
     load_book_from_disk(&summary, src_dir)
@@ -35,21 +39,23 @@ fn create_missing(src_dir: &Path, summary: &Summary) -> Result<()> {
         .chain(summary.suffix_chapters.iter())
         .collect();
 
-    while !items.is_empty() {
-        let next = items.pop().expect("already checked");
-
+    while let Some(next) = items.pop() {
         if let SummaryItem::Link(ref link) = *next {
-            let filename = src_dir.join(&link.location);
-            if !filename.exists() {
-                if let Some(parent) = filename.parent() {
-                    if !parent.exists() {
-                        fs::create_dir_all(parent)?;
+            if let Some(ref location) = link.location {
+                let filename = src_dir.join(location);
+                if !filename.exists() {
+                    if let Some(parent) = filename.parent() {
+                        if !parent.exists() {
+                            fs::create_dir_all(parent)?;
+                        }
                     }
-                }
-                debug!("Creating missing file {}", filename.display());
+                    debug!("Creating missing file {}", filename.display());
 
-                let mut f = File::create(&filename)?;
-                writeln!(f, "# {}", link.name)?;
+                    let mut f = File::create(&filename).with_context(|| {
+                        format!("Unable to create missing file: {}", filename.display())
+                    })?;
+                    writeln!(f, "# {}", bracket_escape(&link.name))?;
+                }
             }
 
             items.extend(&link.nested_items);
@@ -61,7 +67,7 @@ fn create_missing(src_dir: &Path, summary: &Summary) -> Result<()> {
 
 /// A dumb tree structure representing a book.
 ///
-/// For the moment a book is just a collection of `BookItems` which are
+/// For the moment a book is just a collection of [`BookItems`] which are
 /// accessible by either iterating (immutably) over the book with [`iter()`], or
 /// recursively applying a closure to each section to mutate the chapters, using
 /// [`for_each_mut()`].
@@ -82,7 +88,7 @@ impl Book {
     }
 
     /// Get a depth-first iterator over the items in the book.
-    pub fn iter(&self) -> BookItems {
+    pub fn iter(&self) -> BookItems<'_> {
         BookItems {
             items: self.sections.iter().collect(),
         }
@@ -116,7 +122,7 @@ where
     I: IntoIterator<Item = &'a mut BookItem>,
 {
     for item in items {
-        if let &mut BookItem::Chapter(ref mut ch) = item {
+        if let BookItem::Chapter(ch) = item {
             for_each_mut(func, &mut ch.sub_items);
         }
 
@@ -131,6 +137,8 @@ pub enum BookItem {
     Chapter(Chapter),
     /// A section separator.
     Separator,
+    /// A part title.
+    PartTitle(String),
 }
 
 impl From<Chapter> for BookItem {
@@ -152,8 +160,23 @@ pub struct Chapter {
     /// Nested items.
     pub sub_items: Vec<BookItem>,
     /// The chapter's location, relative to the `SUMMARY.md` file.
-    pub path: PathBuf,
-    /// An ordered list of the names of each chapter above this one, in the hierarchy.
+    ///
+    /// **Note**: After the index preprocessor runs, any README files will be
+    /// modified to be `index.md`. If you need access to the actual filename
+    /// on disk, use [`Chapter::source_path`] instead.
+    ///
+    /// This is `None` for a draft chapter.
+    pub path: Option<PathBuf>,
+    /// The chapter's source file, relative to the `SUMMARY.md` file.
+    ///
+    /// **Note**: Beware that README files will internally be treated as
+    /// `index.md` via the [`Chapter::path`] field. The `source_path` field
+    /// exists if you need access to the true file path.
+    ///
+    /// This is `None` for a draft chapter, or a synthetically generated
+    /// chapter that has no file on disk.
+    pub source_path: Option<PathBuf>,
+    /// An ordered list of the names of each chapter above this one in the hierarchy.
     pub parent_names: Vec<String>,
 }
 
@@ -162,24 +185,44 @@ impl Chapter {
     pub fn new<P: Into<PathBuf>>(
         name: &str,
         content: String,
-        path: P,
+        p: P,
         parent_names: Vec<String>,
     ) -> Chapter {
+        let path: PathBuf = p.into();
         Chapter {
             name: name.to_string(),
-            content: content,
-            path: path.into(),
-            parent_names: parent_names,
+            content,
+            path: Some(path.clone()),
+            source_path: Some(path),
+            parent_names,
             ..Default::default()
         }
     }
+
+    /// Create a new draft chapter that is not attached to a source markdown file (and thus
+    /// has no content).
+    pub fn new_draft(name: &str, parent_names: Vec<String>) -> Self {
+        Chapter {
+            name: name.to_string(),
+            content: String::new(),
+            path: None,
+            source_path: None,
+            parent_names,
+            ..Default::default()
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Check if the chapter is a draft chapter, meaning it has no path to a source markdown file.
+    pub fn is_draft_chapter(&self) -> bool {
+        self.path.is_none()
+    }
 }
 
 /// Use the provided `Summary` to load a `Book` from disk.
 ///
 /// You need to pass in the book's source directory because all the links in
 /// `SUMMARY.md` give the chapter locations relative to it.
-fn load_book_from_disk<P: AsRef<Path>>(summary: &Summary, src_dir: P) -> Result<Book> {
+pub(crate) fn load_book_from_disk<P: AsRef<Path>>(summary: &Summary, src_dir: P) -> Result<Book> {
     debug!("Loading the book from disk");
     let src_dir = src_dir.as_ref();
 
@@ -202,16 +245,17 @@ fn load_book_from_disk<P: AsRef<Path>>(summary: &Summary, src_dir: P) -> Result<
     })
 }
 
-fn load_summary_item<P: AsRef<Path>>(
+fn load_summary_item<P: AsRef<Path> + Clone>(
     item: &SummaryItem,
     src_dir: P,
     parent_names: Vec<String>,
 ) -> Result<BookItem> {
-    match *item {
+    match item {
         SummaryItem::Separator => Ok(BookItem::Separator),
         SummaryItem::Link(ref link) => {
-            load_chapter(link, src_dir, parent_names).map(|c| BookItem::Chapter(c))
+            load_chapter(link, src_dir, parent_names).map(BookItem::Chapter)
         }
+        SummaryItem::PartTitle(title) => Ok(BookItem::PartTitle(title.clone())),
     }
 }
 
@@ -220,28 +264,40 @@ fn load_chapter<P: AsRef<Path>>(
     src_dir: P,
     parent_names: Vec<String>,
 ) -> Result<Chapter> {
-    debug!("Loading {} ({})", link.name, link.location.display());
     let src_dir = src_dir.as_ref();
 
-    let location = if link.location.is_absolute() {
-        link.location.clone()
+    let mut ch = if let Some(ref link_location) = link.location {
+        debug!("Loading {} ({})", link.name, link_location.display());
+
+        let location = if link_location.is_absolute() {
+            link_location.clone()
+        } else {
+            src_dir.join(link_location)
+        };
+
+        let mut f = File::open(&location)
+            .with_context(|| format!("Chapter file not found, {}", link_location.display()))?;
+
+        let mut content = String::new();
+        f.read_to_string(&mut content).with_context(|| {
+            format!("Unable to read \"{}\" ({})", link.name, location.display())
+        })?;
+
+        if content.as_bytes().starts_with(b"\xef\xbb\xbf") {
+            content.replace_range(..3, "");
+        }
+
+        let stripped = location
+            .strip_prefix(src_dir)
+            .expect("Chapters are always inside a book");
+
+        Chapter::new(&link.name, content, stripped, parent_names.clone())
     } else {
-        src_dir.join(&link.location)
+        Chapter::new_draft(&link.name, parent_names.clone())
     };
 
-    let mut f = File::open(&location)
-        .chain_err(|| format!("Chapter file not found, {}", link.location.display()))?;
+    let mut sub_item_parents = parent_names;
 
-    let mut content = String::new();
-    f.read_to_string(&mut content)
-        .chain_err(|| format!("Unable to read \"{}\" ({})", link.name, location.display()))?;
-
-    let stripped = location
-        .strip_prefix(&src_dir)
-        .expect("Chapters are always inside a book");
-
-    let mut sub_item_parents = parent_names.clone();
-    let mut ch = Chapter::new(&link.name, content, stripped, parent_names);
     ch.number = link.number.clone();
 
     sub_item_parents.push(link.name.clone());
@@ -262,8 +318,6 @@ fn load_chapter<P: AsRef<Path>>(
 ///
 /// This struct shouldn't be created directly, instead prefer the
 /// [`Book::iter()`] method.
-///
-/// [`Book::iter()`]: struct.Book.html#method.iter
 pub struct BookItems<'a> {
     items: VecDeque<&'a BookItem>,
 }
@@ -274,7 +328,7 @@ impl<'a> Iterator for BookItems<'a> {
     fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
         let item = self.items.pop_front();
 
-        if let Some(&BookItem::Chapter(ref ch)) = item {
+        if let Some(BookItem::Chapter(ch)) = item {
             // if we wanted a breadth-first iterator we'd `extend()` here
             for sub_item in ch.sub_items.iter().rev() {
                 self.items.push_front(sub_item);
@@ -286,9 +340,9 @@ impl<'a> Iterator for BookItems<'a> {
 }
 
 impl Display for Chapter {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
         if let Some(ref section_number) = self.number {
-            write!(f, "{} ", section_number)?;
+            write!(f, "{section_number} ")?;
         }
 
         write!(f, "{}", self.name)
@@ -298,10 +352,9 @@ impl Display for Chapter {
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
-    use std::io::Write;
     use tempfile::{Builder as TempFileBuilder, TempDir};
 
-    const DUMMY_SRC: &'static str = "
+    const DUMMY_SRC: &str = "
 # Dummy Chapter
 
 this is some dummy text.
@@ -317,7 +370,7 @@ And here is some \
         let chapter_path = temp.path().join("chapter_1.md");
         File::create(&chapter_path)
             .unwrap()
-            .write(DUMMY_SRC.as_bytes())
+            .write_all(DUMMY_SRC.as_bytes())
             .unwrap();
 
         let link = Link::new("Chapter 1", chapter_path);
@@ -333,7 +386,7 @@ And here is some \
 
         File::create(&second_path)
             .unwrap()
-            .write_all("Hello World!".as_bytes())
+            .write_all(b"Hello World!")
             .unwrap();
 
         let mut second = Link::new("Nested Chapter 1", &second_path);
@@ -341,7 +394,7 @@ And here is some \
 
         root.nested_items.push(second.clone().into());
         root.nested_items.push(SummaryItem::Separator);
-        root.nested_items.push(second.clone().into());
+        root.nested_items.push(second.into());
 
         (root, temp_dir)
     }
@@ -360,6 +413,29 @@ And here is some \
         assert_eq!(got, should_be);
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn load_a_single_chapter_with_utf8_bom_from_disk() {
+        let temp_dir = TempFileBuilder::new().prefix("book").tempdir().unwrap();
+
+        let chapter_path = temp_dir.path().join("chapter_1.md");
+        File::create(&chapter_path)
+            .unwrap()
+            .write_all(("\u{feff}".to_owned() + DUMMY_SRC).as_bytes())
+            .unwrap();
+
+        let link = Link::new("Chapter 1", chapter_path);
+
+        let should_be = Chapter::new(
+            "Chapter 1",
+            DUMMY_SRC.to_string(),
+            "chapter_1.md",
+            Vec::new(),
+        );
+
+        let got = load_chapter(&link, temp_dir.path(), Vec::new()).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(got, should_be);
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn cant_load_a_nonexistent_chapter() {
         let link = Link::new("Chapter 1", "/foo/bar/baz.md");
@@ -376,7 +452,8 @@ And here is some \
             name: String::from("Nested Chapter 1"),
             content: String::from("Hello World!"),
             number: Some(SectionNumber(vec![1, 2])),
-            path: PathBuf::from("second.md"),
+            path: Some(PathBuf::from("second.md")),
+            source_path: Some(PathBuf::from("second.md")),
             parent_names: vec![String::from("Chapter 1")],
             sub_items: Vec::new(),
         };
@@ -384,12 +461,13 @@ And here is some \
             name: String::from("Chapter 1"),
             content: String::from(DUMMY_SRC),
             number: None,
-            path: PathBuf::from("chapter_1.md"),
+            path: Some(PathBuf::from("chapter_1.md")),
+            source_path: Some(PathBuf::from("chapter_1.md")),
             parent_names: Vec::new(),
             sub_items: vec![
                 BookItem::Chapter(nested.clone()),
                 BookItem::Separator,
-                BookItem::Chapter(nested.clone()),
+                BookItem::Chapter(nested),
             ],
         });
 
@@ -408,7 +486,8 @@ And here is some \
             sections: vec![BookItem::Chapter(Chapter {
                 name: String::from("Chapter 1"),
                 content: String::from(DUMMY_SRC),
-                path: PathBuf::from("chapter_1.md"),
+                path: Some(PathBuf::from("chapter_1.md")),
+                source_path: Some(PathBuf::from("chapter_1.md")),
                 ..Default::default()
             })],
             ..Default::default()
@@ -448,7 +527,8 @@ And here is some \
                     name: String::from("Chapter 1"),
                     content: String::from(DUMMY_SRC),
                     number: None,
-                    path: PathBuf::from("Chapter_1/index.md"),
+                    path: Some(PathBuf::from("Chapter_1/index.md")),
+                    source_path: Some(PathBuf::from("Chapter_1/index.md")),
                     parent_names: Vec::new(),
                     sub_items: vec![
                         BookItem::Chapter(Chapter::new(
@@ -481,7 +561,8 @@ And here is some \
             .filter_map(|i| match *i {
                 BookItem::Chapter(ref ch) => Some(ch.name.clone()),
                 _ => None,
-            }).collect();
+            })
+            .collect();
         let should_be: Vec<_> = vec![
             String::from("Chapter 1"),
             String::from("Hello World"),
@@ -499,7 +580,8 @@ And here is some \
                     name: String::from("Chapter 1"),
                     content: String::from(DUMMY_SRC),
                     number: None,
-                    path: PathBuf::from("Chapter_1/index.md"),
+                    path: Some(PathBuf::from("Chapter_1/index.md")),
+                    source_path: Some(PathBuf::from("Chapter_1/index.md")),
                     parent_names: Vec::new(),
                     sub_items: vec![
                         BookItem::Chapter(Chapter::new(
@@ -536,9 +618,10 @@ And here is some \
         let summary = Summary {
             numbered_chapters: vec![SummaryItem::Link(Link {
                 name: String::from("Empty"),
-                location: PathBuf::from(""),
+                location: Some(PathBuf::from("")),
                 ..Default::default()
             })],
+
             ..Default::default()
         };
 
@@ -555,7 +638,7 @@ And here is some \
         let summary = Summary {
             numbered_chapters: vec![SummaryItem::Link(Link {
                 name: String::from("nested"),
-                location: dir,
+                location: Some(dir),
                 ..Default::default()
             })],
             ..Default::default()
@@ -564,4 +647,19 @@ And here is some \
         let got = load_book_from_disk(&summary, temp.path());
         assert!(got.is_err());
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn cant_open_summary_md() {
+        let cfg = BuildConfig::default();
+        let temp_dir = TempFileBuilder::new().prefix("book").tempdir().unwrap();
+
+        let got = load_book(&temp_dir, &cfg);
+        assert!(got.is_err());
+        let error_message = got.err().unwrap().to_string();
+        let expected = format!(
+            r#"Couldn't open SUMMARY.md in {:?} directory"#,
+            temp_dir.path()
+        );
+        assert_eq!(error_message, expected);
+    }
 }

src/book/init.rs

@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
 use std::fs::{self, File};
 use std::io::Write;
 use std::path::PathBuf;
-use toml;
 
 use super::MDBook;
-use config::Config;
-use errors::*;
-use theme;
+use crate::config::Config;
+use crate::errors::*;
+use crate::theme;
+use crate::utils::fs::write_file;
+use log::{debug, error, info, trace};
 
 /// A helper for setting up a new book and its directory structure.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ impl BookBuilder {
         }
     }
 
-    /// Set the `Config` to be used.
+    /// Set the [`Config`] to be used.
     pub fn with_config(&mut self, cfg: Config) -> &mut BookBuilder {
         self.config = cfg;
         self
@@ -65,19 +66,19 @@ impl BookBuilder {
         info!("Creating a new book with stub content");
 
         self.create_directory_structure()
-            .chain_err(|| "Unable to create directory structure")?;
+            .with_context(|| "Unable to create directory structure")?;
 
         self.create_stub_files()
-            .chain_err(|| "Unable to create stub files")?;
+            .with_context(|| "Unable to create stub files")?;
 
         if self.create_gitignore {
             self.build_gitignore()
-                .chain_err(|| "Unable to create .gitignore")?;
+                .with_context(|| "Unable to create .gitignore")?;
         }
 
         if self.copy_theme {
             self.copy_across_theme()
-                .chain_err(|| "Unable to copy across the theme")?;
+                .with_context(|| "Unable to copy across the theme")?;
         }
 
         self.write_book_toml()?;
@@ -98,24 +99,20 @@ impl BookBuilder {
     fn write_book_toml(&self) -> Result<()> {
         debug!("Writing book.toml");
         let book_toml = self.root.join("book.toml");
-        let cfg = toml::to_vec(&self.config).chain_err(|| "Unable to serialize the config")?;
+        let cfg = toml::to_vec(&self.config).with_context(|| "Unable to serialize the config")?;
 
         File::create(book_toml)
-            .chain_err(|| "Couldn't create book.toml")?
+            .with_context(|| "Couldn't create book.toml")?
             .write_all(&cfg)
-            .chain_err(|| "Unable to write config to book.toml")?;
+            .with_context(|| "Unable to write config to book.toml")?;
         Ok(())
     }
 
     fn copy_across_theme(&self) -> Result<()> {
         debug!("Copying theme");
 
-        let themedir = self
-            .config
-            .html_config()
-            .and_then(|html| html.theme)
-            .unwrap_or_else(|| self.config.book.src.join("theme"));
-        let themedir = self.root.join(themedir);
+        let html_config = self.config.html_config().unwrap_or_default();
+        let themedir = html_config.theme_dir(&self.root);
 
         if !themedir.exists() {
             debug!(
@@ -129,7 +126,9 @@ impl BookBuilder {
         index.write_all(theme::INDEX)?;
 
         let cssdir = themedir.join("css");
-        fs::create_dir(&cssdir)?;
+        if !cssdir.exists() {
+            fs::create_dir(&cssdir)?;
+        }
 
         let mut general_css = File::create(cssdir.join("general.css"))?;
         general_css.write_all(theme::GENERAL_CSS)?;
@@ -137,14 +136,19 @@ impl BookBuilder {
         let mut chrome_css = File::create(cssdir.join("chrome.css"))?;
         chrome_css.write_all(theme::CHROME_CSS)?;
 
-        let mut print_css = File::create(cssdir.join("print.css"))?;
-        print_css.write_all(theme::PRINT_CSS)?;
+        if html_config.print.enable {
+            let mut print_css = File::create(cssdir.join("print.css"))?;
+            print_css.write_all(theme::PRINT_CSS)?;
+        }
 
         let mut variables_css = File::create(cssdir.join("variables.css"))?;
         variables_css.write_all(theme::VARIABLES_CSS)?;
 
         let mut favicon = File::create(themedir.join("favicon.png"))?;
-        favicon.write_all(theme::FAVICON)?;
+        favicon.write_all(theme::FAVICON_PNG)?;
+
+        let mut favicon = File::create(themedir.join("favicon.svg"))?;
+        favicon.write_all(theme::FAVICON_SVG)?;
 
         let mut js = File::create(themedir.join("book.js"))?;
         js.write_all(theme::JS)?;
@@ -155,6 +159,19 @@ impl BookBuilder {
         let mut highlight_js = File::create(themedir.join("highlight.js"))?;
         highlight_js.write_all(theme::HIGHLIGHT_JS)?;
 
+        write_file(&themedir.join("fonts"), "fonts.css", theme::fonts::CSS)?;
+        for (file_name, contents) in theme::fonts::LICENSES {
+            write_file(&themedir, file_name, contents)?;
+        }
+        for (file_name, contents) in theme::fonts::OPEN_SANS.iter() {
+            write_file(&themedir, file_name, contents)?;
+        }
+        write_file(
+            &themedir,
+            theme::fonts::SOURCE_CODE_PRO.0,
+            theme::fonts::SOURCE_CODE_PRO.1,
+        )?;
+
         Ok(())
     }
 
@@ -173,15 +190,19 @@ impl BookBuilder {
         let src_dir = self.root.join(&self.config.book.src);
 
         let summary = src_dir.join("SUMMARY.md");
-        let mut f = File::create(&summary).chain_err(|| "Unable to create SUMMARY.md")?;
-        writeln!(f, "# Summary")?;
-        writeln!(f, "")?;
-        writeln!(f, "- [Chapter 1](./chapter_1.md)")?;
-
-        let chapter_1 = src_dir.join("chapter_1.md");
-        let mut f = File::create(&chapter_1).chain_err(|| "Unable to create chapter_1.md")?;
-        writeln!(f, "# Chapter 1")?;
+        if !summary.exists() {
+            trace!("No summary found creating stub summary and chapter_1.md.");
+            let mut f = File::create(&summary).with_context(|| "Unable to create SUMMARY.md")?;
+            writeln!(f, "# Summary")?;
+            writeln!(f)?;
+            writeln!(f, "- [Chapter 1](./chapter_1.md)")?;
 
+            let chapter_1 = src_dir.join("chapter_1.md");
+            let mut f = File::create(chapter_1).with_context(|| "Unable to create chapter_1.md")?;
+            writeln!(f, "# Chapter 1")?;
+        } else {
+            trace!("Existing summary found, no need to create stub files.");
+        }
         Ok(())
     }
 
@@ -190,10 +211,10 @@ impl BookBuilder {
         fs::create_dir_all(&self.root)?;
 
         let src = self.root.join(&self.config.book.src);
-        fs::create_dir_all(&src)?;
+        fs::create_dir_all(src)?;
 
         let build = self.root.join(&self.config.build.build_dir);
-        fs::create_dir_all(&build)?;
+        fs::create_dir_all(build)?;
 
         Ok(())
     }

src/book/mod.rs

@@ -13,18 +13,23 @@ pub use self::book::{load_book, Book, BookItem, BookItems, Chapter};
 pub use self::init::BookBuilder;
 pub use self::summary::{parse_summary, Link, SectionNumber, Summary, SummaryItem};
 
-use std::io::Write;
-use std::path::PathBuf;
+use log::{debug, error, info, log_enabled, trace, warn};
+use std::ffi::OsString;
+use std::io::{IsTerminal, Write};
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
 use std::process::Command;
 use tempfile::Builder as TempFileBuilder;
 use toml::Value;
+use topological_sort::TopologicalSort;
 
-use errors::*;
-use preprocess::{IndexPreprocessor, LinkPreprocessor, Preprocessor, PreprocessorContext};
-use renderer::{CmdRenderer, HtmlHandlebars, RenderContext, Renderer};
-use utils;
+use crate::errors::*;
+use crate::preprocess::{
+    CmdPreprocessor, IndexPreprocessor, LinkPreprocessor, Preprocessor, PreprocessorContext,
+};
+use crate::renderer::{CmdRenderer, HtmlHandlebars, MarkdownRenderer, RenderContext, Renderer};
+use crate::utils;
 
-use config::Config;
+use crate::config::{Config, RustEdition};
 
 /// The object used to manage and build a book.
 pub struct MDBook {
@@ -34,10 +39,10 @@ pub struct MDBook {
     pub config: Config,
     /// A representation of the book's contents in memory.
     pub book: Book,
-    renderers: Vec<Box<Renderer>>,
+    renderers: Vec<Box<dyn Renderer>>,
 
-    /// List of pre-processors to be run on the book
-    preprocessors: Vec<Box<Preprocessor>>,
+    /// List of pre-processors to be run on the book.
+    preprocessors: Vec<Box<dyn Preprocessor>>,
 }
 
 impl MDBook {
@@ -53,7 +58,7 @@ impl MDBook {
             warn!("This format is no longer used, so you should migrate to the");
             warn!("book.toml format.");
             warn!("Check the user guide for migration information:");
-            warn!("\thttps://rust-lang-nursery.github.io/mdBook/format/config.html");
+            warn!("\thttps://rust-lang.github.io/mdBook/format/config.html");
         }
 
         let mut config = if config_location.exists() {
@@ -65,8 +70,28 @@ impl MDBook {
 
         config.update_from_env();
 
-        if log_enabled!(::log::Level::Trace) {
-            for line in format!("Config: {:#?}", config).lines() {
+        if let Some(html_config) = config.html_config() {
+            if html_config.google_analytics.is_some() {
+                warn!(
+                    "The output.html.google-analytics field has been deprecated; \
+                     it will be removed in a future release.\n\
+                     Consider placing the appropriate site tag code into the \
+                     theme/head.hbs file instead.\n\
+                     The tracking code may be found in the Google Analytics Admin page.\n\
+                   "
+                );
+            }
+            if html_config.curly_quotes {
+                warn!(
+                    "The output.html.curly-quotes field has been renamed to \
+                     output.html.smart-punctuation.\n\
+                     Use the new name in book.toml to remove this warning."
+                );
+            }
+        }
+
+        if log_enabled!(log::Level::Trace) {
+            for line in format!("Config: {config:#?}").lines() {
                 trace!("{}", line);
             }
         }
@@ -74,12 +99,35 @@ impl MDBook {
         MDBook::load_with_config(book_root, config)
     }
 
-    /// Load a book from its root directory using a custom config.
+    /// Load a book from its root directory using a custom `Config`.
     pub fn load_with_config<P: Into<PathBuf>>(book_root: P, config: Config) -> Result<MDBook> {
         let root = book_root.into();
 
         let src_dir = root.join(&config.book.src);
-        let book = book::load_book(&src_dir, &config.build)?;
+        let book = book::load_book(src_dir, &config.build)?;
+
+        let renderers = determine_renderers(&config);
+        let preprocessors = determine_preprocessors(&config)?;
+
+        Ok(MDBook {
+            root,
+            config,
+            book,
+            renderers,
+            preprocessors,
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Load a book from its root directory using a custom `Config` and a custom summary.
+    pub fn load_with_config_and_summary<P: Into<PathBuf>>(
+        book_root: P,
+        config: Config,
+        summary: Summary,
+    ) -> Result<MDBook> {
+        let root = book_root.into();
+
+        let src_dir = root.join(&config.book.src);
+        let book = book::load_book_from_disk(&summary, src_dir)?;
 
         let renderers = determine_renderers(&config);
         let preprocessors = determine_preprocessors(&config)?;
@@ -94,20 +142,18 @@ impl MDBook {
     }
 
     /// Returns a flat depth-first iterator over the elements of the book,
-    /// it returns an [BookItem enum](bookitem.html):
+    /// it returns a [`BookItem`] enum:
     /// `(section: String, bookitem: &BookItem)`
     ///
     /// ```no_run
-    /// # extern crate mdbook;
     /// # use mdbook::MDBook;
     /// # use mdbook::book::BookItem;
-    /// # #[allow(unused_variables)]
-    /// # fn main() {
     /// # let book = MDBook::load("mybook").unwrap();
     /// for item in book.iter() {
     ///     match *item {
     ///         BookItem::Chapter(ref chapter) => {},
     ///         BookItem::Separator => {},
+    ///         BookItem::PartTitle(ref title) => {}
     ///     }
     /// }
     ///
@@ -118,9 +164,8 @@ impl MDBook {
     /// // 2. Chapter 2
     /// //
     /// // etc.
-    /// # }
     /// ```
-    pub fn iter(&self) -> BookItems {
+    pub fn iter(&self) -> BookItems<'_> {
         self.book.iter()
     }
 
@@ -156,115 +201,181 @@ impl MDBook {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    /// Run the entire build process for a particular `Renderer`.
-    fn execute_build_process(&self, renderer: &Renderer) -> Result<()> {
+    /// Run preprocessors and return the final book.
+    pub fn preprocess_book(&self, renderer: &dyn Renderer) -> Result<(Book, PreprocessorContext)> {
+        let preprocess_ctx = PreprocessorContext::new(
+            self.root.clone(),
+            self.config.clone(),
+            renderer.name().to_string(),
+        );
         let mut preprocessed_book = self.book.clone();
-        let preprocess_ctx = PreprocessorContext::new(self.root.clone(),
-                                     self.config.clone(),
-                                     renderer.name().to_string());
-
         for preprocessor in &self.preprocessors {
             if preprocessor_should_run(&**preprocessor, renderer, &self.config) {
                 debug!("Running the {} preprocessor.", preprocessor.name());
-                preprocessed_book =
-                    preprocessor.run(&preprocess_ctx, preprocessed_book)?;
+                preprocessed_book = preprocessor.run(&preprocess_ctx, preprocessed_book)?;
             }
         }
-
-        info!("Running the {} backend", renderer.name());
-        self.render(&preprocessed_book, renderer)?;
-
-        Ok(())
+        Ok((preprocessed_book, preprocess_ctx))
     }
 
-    fn render(
-        &self,
-        preprocessed_book: &Book,
-        renderer: &Renderer,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
+    /// Run the entire build process for a particular [`Renderer`].
+    pub fn execute_build_process(&self, renderer: &dyn Renderer) -> Result<()> {
+        let (preprocessed_book, preprocess_ctx) = self.preprocess_book(renderer)?;
+
         let name = renderer.name();
         let build_dir = self.build_dir_for(name);
-        if build_dir.exists() {
-            debug!(
-                "Cleaning build dir for the \"{}\" renderer ({})",
-                name,
-                build_dir.display()
-            );
 
-            utils::fs::remove_dir_content(&build_dir)
-                .chain_err(|| "Unable to clear output directory")?;
-        }
-
-        let render_context = RenderContext::new(
+        let mut render_context = RenderContext::new(
             self.root.clone(),
-            preprocessed_book.clone(),
+            preprocessed_book,
             self.config.clone(),
             build_dir,
         );
+        render_context
+            .chapter_titles
+            .extend(preprocess_ctx.chapter_titles.borrow_mut().drain());
 
+        info!("Running the {} backend", renderer.name());
         renderer
             .render(&render_context)
-            .chain_err(|| "Rendering failed")
+            .with_context(|| "Rendering failed")
     }
 
     /// You can change the default renderer to another one by using this method.
-    /// The only requirement is for your renderer to implement the [`Renderer`
-    /// trait](../renderer/trait.Renderer.html)
+    /// The only requirement is that your renderer implement the [`Renderer`]
+    /// trait.
     pub fn with_renderer<R: Renderer + 'static>(&mut self, renderer: R) -> &mut Self {
         self.renderers.push(Box::new(renderer));
         self
     }
 
-    /// Register a [`Preprocessor`](../preprocess/trait.Preprocessor.html) to be used when rendering the book.
-    pub fn with_preprecessor<P: Preprocessor + 'static>(&mut self, preprocessor: P) -> &mut Self {
+    /// Register a [`Preprocessor`] to be used when rendering the book.
+    pub fn with_preprocessor<P: Preprocessor + 'static>(&mut self, preprocessor: P) -> &mut Self {
         self.preprocessors.push(Box::new(preprocessor));
         self
     }
 
     /// Run `rustdoc` tests on the book, linking against the provided libraries.
     pub fn test(&mut self, library_paths: Vec<&str>) -> Result<()> {
-        let library_args: Vec<&str> = (0..library_paths.len())
-            .map(|_| "-L")
-            .zip(library_paths.into_iter())
-            .flat_map(|x| vec![x.0, x.1])
+        // test_chapter with chapter:None will run all tests.
+        self.test_chapter(library_paths, None)
+    }
+
+    /// Run `rustdoc` tests on a specific chapter of the book, linking against the provided libraries.
+    /// If `chapter` is `None`, all tests will be run.
+    pub fn test_chapter(&mut self, library_paths: Vec<&str>, chapter: Option<&str>) -> Result<()> {
+        let cwd = std::env::current_dir()?;
+        let library_args: Vec<OsString> = library_paths
+            .into_iter()
+            .flat_map(|path| {
+                let path = Path::new(path);
+                let path = if path.is_relative() {
+                    cwd.join(path).into_os_string()
+                } else {
+                    path.to_path_buf().into_os_string()
+                };
+                [OsString::from("-L"), path]
+            })
             .collect();
 
         let temp_dir = TempFileBuilder::new().prefix("mdbook-").tempdir()?;
 
-        // FIXME: Is "test" the proper renderer name to use here?
-        let preprocess_context = PreprocessorContext::new(self.root.clone(),
-                                                          self.config.clone(),
-                                                          "test".to_string());
+        let mut chapter_found = false;
 
-        let book = LinkPreprocessor::new().run(&preprocess_context, self.book.clone())?;
-        // Index Preprocessor is disabled so that chapter paths continue to point to the
-        // actual markdown files.
+        struct TestRenderer;
+        impl Renderer for TestRenderer {
+            // FIXME: Is "test" the proper renderer name to use here?
+            fn name(&self) -> &str {
+                "test"
+            }
 
+            fn render(&self, _: &RenderContext) -> Result<()> {
+                Ok(())
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Index Preprocessor is disabled so that chapter paths
+        // continue to point to the actual markdown files.
+        self.preprocessors = determine_preprocessors(&self.config)?
+            .into_iter()
+            .filter(|pre| pre.name() != IndexPreprocessor::NAME)
+            .collect();
+        let (book, _) = self.preprocess_book(&TestRenderer)?;
+
+        let color_output = std::io::stderr().is_terminal();
+        let mut failed = false;
         for item in book.iter() {
             if let BookItem::Chapter(ref ch) = *item {
-                if !ch.path.as_os_str().is_empty() {
-                    let path = self.source_dir().join(&ch.path);
-                    let content = utils::fs::file_to_string(&path)?;
-                    info!("Testing file: {:?}", path);
+                let chapter_path = match ch.path {
+                    Some(ref path) if !path.as_os_str().is_empty() => path,
+                    _ => continue,
+                };
 
-                    // write preprocessed file to tempdir
-                    let path = temp_dir.path().join(&ch.path);
-                    let mut tmpf = utils::fs::create_file(&path)?;
-                    tmpf.write_all(content.as_bytes())?;
-
-                    let output = Command::new("rustdoc")
-                        .arg(&path)
-                        .arg("--test")
-                        .args(&library_args)
-                        .output()?;
-
-                    if !output.status.success() {
-                        bail!(ErrorKind::Subprocess(
-                            "Rustdoc returned an error".to_string(),
-                            output
-                        ));
+                if let Some(chapter) = chapter {
+                    if ch.name != chapter && chapter_path.to_str() != Some(chapter) {
+                        if chapter == "?" {
+                            info!("Skipping chapter '{}'...", ch.name);
+                        }
+                        continue;
                     }
                 }
+                chapter_found = true;
+                info!("Testing chapter '{}': {:?}", ch.name, chapter_path);
+
+                // write preprocessed file to tempdir
+                let path = temp_dir.path().join(chapter_path);
+                let mut tmpf = utils::fs::create_file(&path)?;
+                tmpf.write_all(ch.content.as_bytes())?;
+
+                let mut cmd = Command::new("rustdoc");
+                cmd.current_dir(temp_dir.path())
+                    .arg(chapter_path)
+                    .arg("--test")
+                    .args(&library_args);
+
+                if let Some(edition) = self.config.rust.edition {
+                    match edition {
+                        RustEdition::E2015 => {
+                            cmd.args(["--edition", "2015"]);
+                        }
+                        RustEdition::E2018 => {
+                            cmd.args(["--edition", "2018"]);
+                        }
+                        RustEdition::E2021 => {
+                            cmd.args(["--edition", "2021"]);
+                        }
+                        RustEdition::E2024 => {
+                            cmd.args(["--edition", "2024"]);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if color_output {
+                    cmd.args(["--color", "always"]);
+                }
+
+                debug!("running {:?}", cmd);
+                let output = cmd
+                    .output()
+                    .with_context(|| "failed to execute `rustdoc`")?;
+
+                if !output.status.success() {
+                    failed = true;
+                    error!(
+                        "rustdoc returned an error:\n\
+                        \n--- stdout\n{}\n--- stderr\n{}",
+                        String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout),
+                        String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr)
+                    );
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        if failed {
+            bail!("One or more tests failed");
+        }
+        if let Some(chapter) = chapter {
+            if !chapter_found {
+                bail!("Chapter not found: {}", chapter);
             }
         }
         Ok(())
@@ -274,7 +385,7 @@ impl MDBook {
     /// artefacts.
     ///
     /// If there is only 1 renderer, put it in the directory pointed to by the
-    /// `build.build_dir` key in `Config`. If there is more than one then the
+    /// `build.build_dir` key in [`Config`]. If there is more than one then the
     /// renderer gets its own directory within the main build dir.
     ///
     /// i.e. If there were only one renderer (in this case, the HTML renderer):
@@ -319,19 +430,19 @@ impl MDBook {
 }
 
 /// Look at the `Config` and try to figure out what renderers to use.
-fn determine_renderers(config: &Config) -> Vec<Box<Renderer>> {
-    let mut renderers: Vec<Box<Renderer>> = Vec::new();
+fn determine_renderers(config: &Config) -> Vec<Box<dyn Renderer>> {
+    let mut renderers = Vec::new();
 
-    if let Some(output_table) = config.get("output").and_then(|o| o.as_table()) {
-        for (key, table) in output_table.iter() {
-            // the "html" backend has its own Renderer
+    if let Some(output_table) = config.get("output").and_then(Value::as_table) {
+        renderers.extend(output_table.iter().map(|(key, table)| {
             if key == "html" {
-                renderers.push(Box::new(HtmlHandlebars::new()));
+                Box::new(HtmlHandlebars::new()) as Box<dyn Renderer>
+            } else if key == "markdown" {
+                Box::new(MarkdownRenderer::new()) as Box<dyn Renderer>
             } else {
-                let renderer = interpret_custom_renderer(key, table);
-                renderers.push(renderer);
+                interpret_custom_renderer(key, table)
             }
-        }
+        }));
     }
 
     // if we couldn't find anything, add the HTML renderer as a default
@@ -342,60 +453,143 @@ fn determine_renderers(config: &Config) -> Vec<Box<Renderer>> {
     renderers
 }
 
-fn default_preprocessors() -> Vec<Box<Preprocessor>> {
-    vec![
-        Box::new(LinkPreprocessor::new()),
-        Box::new(IndexPreprocessor::new()),
-    ]
-}
+const DEFAULT_PREPROCESSORS: &[&str] = &["links", "index"];
 
-fn is_default_preprocessor(pre: &Preprocessor) -> bool {
+fn is_default_preprocessor(pre: &dyn Preprocessor) -> bool {
     let name = pre.name();
     name == LinkPreprocessor::NAME || name == IndexPreprocessor::NAME
 }
 
 /// Look at the `MDBook` and try to figure out what preprocessors to run.
-fn determine_preprocessors(config: &Config) -> Result<Vec<Box<Preprocessor>>> {
-    let preprocessor_keys = config.get("preprocessor")
-        .and_then(|value| value.as_table())
-        .map(|table| table.keys());
+fn determine_preprocessors(config: &Config) -> Result<Vec<Box<dyn Preprocessor>>> {
+    // Collect the names of all preprocessors intended to be run, and the order
+    // in which they should be run.
+    let mut preprocessor_names = TopologicalSort::<String>::new();
 
-    let mut preprocessors = if config.build.use_default_preprocessors {
-        default_preprocessors()
-    } else {
-        Vec::new()
-    };
-
-    let preprocessor_keys = match preprocessor_keys {
-        Some(keys) => keys,
-        // If no preprocessor field is set, default to the LinkPreprocessor and
-        // IndexPreprocessor. This allows you to disable default preprocessors
-        // by setting "preprocess" to an empty list.
-        None => return Ok(preprocessors),
-    };
-
-    for key in preprocessor_keys {
-        match key.as_ref() {
-            "links" => preprocessors.push(Box::new(LinkPreprocessor::new())),
-            "index" => preprocessors.push(Box::new(IndexPreprocessor::new())),
-            _ => bail!("{:?} is not a recognised preprocessor", key),
+    if config.build.use_default_preprocessors {
+        for name in DEFAULT_PREPROCESSORS {
+            preprocessor_names.insert(name.to_string());
         }
     }
 
-    Ok(preprocessors)
+    if let Some(preprocessor_table) = config.get("preprocessor").and_then(Value::as_table) {
+        for (name, table) in preprocessor_table.iter() {
+            preprocessor_names.insert(name.to_string());
+
+            let exists = |name| {
+                (config.build.use_default_preprocessors && DEFAULT_PREPROCESSORS.contains(&name))
+                    || preprocessor_table.contains_key(name)
+            };
+
+            if let Some(before) = table.get("before") {
+                let before = before.as_array().ok_or_else(|| {
+                    Error::msg(format!(
+                        "Expected preprocessor.{name}.before to be an array"
+                    ))
+                })?;
+                for after in before {
+                    let after = after.as_str().ok_or_else(|| {
+                        Error::msg(format!(
+                            "Expected preprocessor.{name}.before to contain strings"
+                        ))
+                    })?;
+
+                    if !exists(after) {
+                        // Only warn so that preprocessors can be toggled on and off (e.g. for
+                        // troubleshooting) without having to worry about order too much.
+                        warn!(
+                            "preprocessor.{}.after contains \"{}\", which was not found",
+                            name, after
+                        );
+                    } else {
+                        preprocessor_names.add_dependency(name, after);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if let Some(after) = table.get("after") {
+                let after = after.as_array().ok_or_else(|| {
+                    Error::msg(format!("Expected preprocessor.{name}.after to be an array"))
+                })?;
+                for before in after {
+                    let before = before.as_str().ok_or_else(|| {
+                        Error::msg(format!(
+                            "Expected preprocessor.{name}.after to contain strings"
+                        ))
+                    })?;
+
+                    if !exists(before) {
+                        // See equivalent warning above for rationale
+                        warn!(
+                            "preprocessor.{}.before contains \"{}\", which was not found",
+                            name, before
+                        );
+                    } else {
+                        preprocessor_names.add_dependency(before, name);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Now that all links have been established, queue preprocessors in a suitable order
+    let mut preprocessors = Vec::with_capacity(preprocessor_names.len());
+    // `pop_all()` returns an empty vector when no more items are not being depended upon
+    for mut names in std::iter::repeat_with(|| preprocessor_names.pop_all())
+        .take_while(|names| !names.is_empty())
+    {
+        // The `topological_sort` crate does not guarantee a stable order for ties, even across
+        // runs of the same program. Thus, we break ties manually by sorting.
+        // Careful: `str`'s default sorting, which we are implicitly invoking here, uses code point
+        // values ([1]), which may not be an alphabetical sort.
+        // As mentioned in [1], doing so depends on locale, which is not desirable for deciding
+        // preprocessor execution order.
+        // [1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/cmp/trait.Ord.html#impl-Ord-14
+        names.sort();
+        for name in names {
+            let preprocessor: Box<dyn Preprocessor> = match name.as_str() {
+                "links" => Box::new(LinkPreprocessor::new()),
+                "index" => Box::new(IndexPreprocessor::new()),
+                _ => {
+                    // The only way to request a custom preprocessor is through the `preprocessor`
+                    // table, so it must exist, be a table, and contain the key.
+                    let table = &config.get("preprocessor").unwrap().as_table().unwrap()[&name];
+                    let command = get_custom_preprocessor_cmd(&name, table);
+                    Box::new(CmdPreprocessor::new(name, command))
+                }
+            };
+            preprocessors.push(preprocessor);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // "If `pop_all` returns an empty vector and `len` is not 0, there are cyclic dependencies."
+    // Normally, `len() == 0` is equivalent to `is_empty()`, so we'll use that.
+    if preprocessor_names.is_empty() {
+        Ok(preprocessors)
+    } else {
+        Err(Error::msg("Cyclic dependency detected in preprocessors"))
+    }
 }
 
-fn interpret_custom_renderer(key: &str, table: &Value) -> Box<Renderer> {
+fn get_custom_preprocessor_cmd(key: &str, table: &Value) -> String {
+    table
+        .get("command")
+        .and_then(Value::as_str)
+        .map(ToString::to_string)
+        .unwrap_or_else(|| format!("mdbook-{key}"))
+}
+
+fn interpret_custom_renderer(key: &str, table: &Value) -> Box<CmdRenderer> {
     // look for the `command` field, falling back to using the key
     // prepended by "mdbook-"
     let table_dot_command = table
         .get("command")
-        .and_then(|c| c.as_str())
-        .map(|s| s.to_string());
+        .and_then(Value::as_str)
+        .map(ToString::to_string);
 
-    let command = table_dot_command.unwrap_or_else(|| format!("mdbook-{}", key));
+    let command = table_dot_command.unwrap_or_else(|| format!("mdbook-{key}"));
 
-    Box::new(CmdRenderer::new(key.to_string(), command.to_string()))
+    Box::new(CmdRenderer::new(key.to_string(), command))
 }
 
 /// Check whether we should run a particular `Preprocessor` in combination
@@ -404,7 +598,11 @@ fn interpret_custom_renderer(key: &str, table: &Value) -> Box<Renderer> {
 ///
 /// The `build.use-default-preprocessors` config option can be used to ensure
 /// default preprocessors always run if they support the renderer.
-fn preprocessor_should_run(preprocessor: &Preprocessor, renderer: &Renderer, cfg: &Config) -> bool {
+fn preprocessor_should_run(
+    preprocessor: &dyn Preprocessor,
+    renderer: &dyn Renderer,
+    cfg: &Config,
+) -> bool {
     // default preprocessors should be run by default (if supported)
     if cfg.build.use_default_preprocessors && is_default_preprocessor(preprocessor) {
         return preprocessor.supports_renderer(renderer.name());
@@ -414,19 +612,20 @@ fn preprocessor_should_run(preprocessor: &Preprocessor, renderer: &Renderer, cfg
     let renderer_name = renderer.name();
 
     if let Some(Value::Array(ref explicit_renderers)) = cfg.get(&key) {
-        return explicit_renderers.into_iter()
-            .filter_map(|val| val.as_str())
+        return explicit_renderers
+            .iter()
+            .filter_map(Value::as_str)
             .any(|name| name == renderer_name);
     }
 
     preprocessor.supports_renderer(renderer_name)
 }
 
-
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
-    use toml::value::{Table, Value};
+    use std::str::FromStr;
+    use toml::value::Table;
 
     #[test]
     fn config_defaults_to_html_renderer_if_empty() {
@@ -477,8 +676,8 @@ mod tests {
 
         assert!(got.is_ok());
         assert_eq!(got.as_ref().unwrap().len(), 2);
-        assert_eq!(got.as_ref().unwrap()[0].name(), "links");
-        assert_eq!(got.as_ref().unwrap()[1].name(), "index");
+        assert_eq!(got.as_ref().unwrap()[0].name(), "index");
+        assert_eq!(got.as_ref().unwrap()[1].name(), "links");
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -492,8 +691,8 @@ mod tests {
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn config_complains_if_unimplemented_preprocessor() {
-        let cfg_str: &'static str = r#"
+    fn can_determine_third_party_preprocessors() {
+        let cfg_str = r#"
         [book]
         title = "Some Book"
 
@@ -509,14 +708,142 @@ mod tests {
         // make sure the `preprocessor.random` table exists
         assert!(cfg.get_preprocessor("random").is_some());
 
-        let got = determine_preprocessors(&cfg);
+        let got = determine_preprocessors(&cfg).unwrap();
 
-        assert!(got.is_err());
+        assert!(got.into_iter().any(|p| p.name() == "random"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn preprocessors_can_provide_their_own_commands() {
+        let cfg_str = r#"
+        [preprocessor.random]
+        command = "python random.py"
+        "#;
+
+        let cfg = Config::from_str(cfg_str).unwrap();
+
+        // make sure the `preprocessor.random` table exists
+        let random = cfg.get_preprocessor("random").unwrap();
+        let random = get_custom_preprocessor_cmd("random", &Value::Table(random.clone()));
+
+        assert_eq!(random, "python random.py");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn preprocessor_before_must_be_array() {
+        let cfg_str = r#"
+        [preprocessor.random]
+        before = 0
+        "#;
+
+        let cfg = Config::from_str(cfg_str).unwrap();
+
+        assert!(determine_preprocessors(&cfg).is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn preprocessor_after_must_be_array() {
+        let cfg_str = r#"
+        [preprocessor.random]
+        after = 0
+        "#;
+
+        let cfg = Config::from_str(cfg_str).unwrap();
+
+        assert!(determine_preprocessors(&cfg).is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn preprocessor_order_is_honored() {
+        let cfg_str = r#"
+        [preprocessor.random]
+        before = [ "last" ]
+        after = [ "index" ]
+
+        [preprocessor.last]
+        after = [ "links", "index" ]
+        "#;
+
+        let cfg = Config::from_str(cfg_str).unwrap();
+
+        let preprocessors = determine_preprocessors(&cfg).unwrap();
+        let index = |name| {
+            preprocessors
+                .iter()
+                .enumerate()
+                .find(|(_, preprocessor)| preprocessor.name() == name)
+                .unwrap()
+                .0
+        };
+        let assert_before = |before, after| {
+            if index(before) >= index(after) {
+                eprintln!("Preprocessor order:");
+                for preprocessor in &preprocessors {
+                    eprintln!("  {}", preprocessor.name());
+                }
+                panic!("{before} should come before {after}");
+            }
+        };
+
+        assert_before("index", "random");
+        assert_before("index", "last");
+        assert_before("random", "last");
+        assert_before("links", "last");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn cyclic_dependencies_are_detected() {
+        let cfg_str = r#"
+        [preprocessor.links]
+        before = [ "index" ]
+
+        [preprocessor.index]
+        before = [ "links" ]
+        "#;
+
+        let cfg = Config::from_str(cfg_str).unwrap();
+
+        assert!(determine_preprocessors(&cfg).is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn dependencies_dont_register_undefined_preprocessors() {
+        let cfg_str = r#"
+        [preprocessor.links]
+        before = [ "random" ]
+        "#;
+
+        let cfg = Config::from_str(cfg_str).unwrap();
+
+        let preprocessors = determine_preprocessors(&cfg).unwrap();
+
+        assert!(!preprocessors
+            .iter()
+            .any(|preprocessor| preprocessor.name() == "random"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn dependencies_dont_register_builtin_preprocessors_if_disabled() {
+        let cfg_str = r#"
+        [preprocessor.random]
+        before = [ "links" ]
+
+        [build]
+        use-default-preprocessors = false
+        "#;
+
+        let cfg = Config::from_str(cfg_str).unwrap();
+
+        let preprocessors = determine_preprocessors(&cfg).unwrap();
+
+        assert!(!preprocessors
+            .iter()
+            .any(|preprocessor| preprocessor.name() == "links"));
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn config_respects_preprocessor_selection() {
-        let cfg_str: &'static str = r#"
+        let cfg_str = r#"
         [preprocessor.links]
         renderers = ["html"]
         "#;
@@ -524,14 +851,15 @@ mod tests {
         let cfg = Config::from_str(cfg_str).unwrap();
 
         // double-check that we can access preprocessor.links.renderers[0]
-        let html = cfg.get_preprocessor("links")
+        let html = cfg
+            .get_preprocessor("links")
             .and_then(|links| links.get("renderers"))
-            .and_then(|renderers| renderers.as_array())
+            .and_then(Value::as_array)
             .and_then(|renderers| renderers.get(0))
-            .and_then(|renderer| renderer.as_str())
+            .and_then(Value::as_str)
             .unwrap();
         assert_eq!(html, "html");
-        let html_renderer = HtmlHandlebars::default();
+        let html_renderer = HtmlHandlebars;
         let pre = LinkPreprocessor::new();
 
         let should_run = preprocessor_should_run(&pre, &html_renderer, &cfg);

src/cmd/build.rs

@@ -1,35 +1,37 @@
-use clap::{App, ArgMatches, SubCommand};
+use super::command_prelude::*;
+use crate::{get_book_dir, open};
 use mdbook::errors::Result;
 use mdbook::MDBook;
-use {get_book_dir, open};
+use std::path::PathBuf;
 
 // Create clap subcommand arguments
-pub fn make_subcommand<'a, 'b>() -> App<'a, 'b> {
-    SubCommand::with_name("build")
+pub fn make_subcommand() -> Command {
+    Command::new("build")
         .about("Builds a book from its markdown files")
-        .arg_from_usage(
-            "-d, --dest-dir=[dest-dir] 'Output directory for the book{n}\
-             (If omitted, uses build.build-dir from book.toml or defaults to ./book)'",
-        ).arg_from_usage(
-            "[dir] 'Root directory for the book{n}\
-             (Defaults to the Current Directory when omitted)'",
-        ).arg_from_usage("-o, --open 'Opens the compiled book in a web browser'")
+        .arg_dest_dir()
+        .arg_root_dir()
+        .arg_open()
 }
 
 // Build command implementation
 pub fn execute(args: &ArgMatches) -> Result<()> {
     let book_dir = get_book_dir(args);
-    let mut book = MDBook::load(&book_dir)?;
+    let mut book = MDBook::load(book_dir)?;
 
-    if let Some(dest_dir) = args.value_of("dest-dir") {
+    if let Some(dest_dir) = args.get_one::<PathBuf>("dest-dir") {
         book.config.build.build_dir = dest_dir.into();
     }
 
     book.build()?;
 
-    if args.is_present("open") {
+    if args.get_flag("open") {
         // FIXME: What's the right behaviour if we don't use the HTML renderer?
-        open(book.build_dir_for("html").join("index.html"));
+        let path = book.build_dir_for("html").join("index.html");
+        if !path.exists() {
+            error!("No chapter available to open");
+            std::process::exit(1)
+        }
+        open(path);
     }
 
     Ok(())

src/cmd/clean.rs

@@ -1,32 +1,111 @@
-use clap::{App, ArgMatches, SubCommand};
-use get_book_dir;
-use mdbook::errors::*;
+use super::command_prelude::*;
+use crate::get_book_dir;
+use anyhow::Context;
 use mdbook::MDBook;
-use std::fs;
+use std::mem::take;
+use std::path::PathBuf;
+use std::{fmt, fs};
 
 // Create clap subcommand arguments
-pub fn make_subcommand<'a, 'b>() -> App<'a, 'b> {
-    SubCommand::with_name("clean")
+pub fn make_subcommand() -> Command {
+    Command::new("clean")
         .about("Deletes a built book")
-        .arg_from_usage(
-            "-d, --dest-dir=[dest-dir] 'Output directory for the book{n}\
-             (If omitted, uses build.build-dir from book.toml or defaults to ./book)'",
-        ).arg_from_usage(
-            "[dir] 'Root directory for the book{n}\
-             (Defaults to the Current Directory when omitted)'",
-        )
+        .arg_dest_dir()
+        .arg_root_dir()
 }
 
 // Clean command implementation
-pub fn execute(args: &ArgMatches) -> ::mdbook::errors::Result<()> {
+pub fn execute(args: &ArgMatches) -> mdbook::errors::Result<()> {
     let book_dir = get_book_dir(args);
-    let book = MDBook::load(&book_dir)?;
+    let book = MDBook::load(book_dir)?;
 
-    let dir_to_remove = match args.value_of("dest-dir") {
+    let dir_to_remove = match args.get_one::<PathBuf>("dest-dir") {
         Some(dest_dir) => dest_dir.into(),
         None => book.root.join(&book.config.build.build_dir),
     };
-    fs::remove_dir_all(&dir_to_remove).chain_err(|| "Unable to remove the build directory")?;
+
+    let removed = Clean::new(&dir_to_remove)?;
+    println!("{removed}");
 
     Ok(())
 }
+
+/// Formats a number of bytes into a human readable SI-prefixed size.
+/// Returns a tuple of `(quantity, units)`.
+pub fn human_readable_bytes(bytes: u64) -> (f32, &'static str) {
+    static UNITS: [&str; 7] = ["B", "KiB", "MiB", "GiB", "TiB", "PiB", "EiB"];
+    let bytes = bytes as f32;
+    let i = ((bytes.log2() / 10.0) as usize).min(UNITS.len() - 1);
+    (bytes / 1024_f32.powi(i as i32), UNITS[i])
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Clean {
+    num_files_removed: u64,
+    num_dirs_removed: u64,
+    total_bytes_removed: u64,
+}
+
+impl Clean {
+    fn new(dir: &PathBuf) -> mdbook::errors::Result<Clean> {
+        let mut files = vec![dir.clone()];
+        let mut children = Vec::new();
+        let mut num_files_removed = 0;
+        let mut num_dirs_removed = 0;
+        let mut total_bytes_removed = 0;
+
+        if dir.exists() {
+            while !files.is_empty() {
+                for file in files {
+                    if let Ok(meta) = file.metadata() {
+                        // Note: This can over-count bytes removed for hard-linked
+                        // files. It also under-counts since it only counts the exact
+                        // byte sizes and not the block sizes.
+                        total_bytes_removed += meta.len();
+                    }
+                    if file.is_file() {
+                        num_files_removed += 1;
+                    } else if file.is_dir() {
+                        num_dirs_removed += 1;
+                        for entry in fs::read_dir(file)? {
+                            children.push(entry?.path());
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                files = take(&mut children);
+            }
+            fs::remove_dir_all(&dir).with_context(|| "Unable to remove the build directory")?;
+        }
+
+        Ok(Clean {
+            num_files_removed,
+            num_dirs_removed,
+            total_bytes_removed,
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for Clean {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "Removed ")?;
+        match (self.num_files_removed, self.num_dirs_removed) {
+            (0, 0) => write!(f, "0 files")?,
+            (0, 1) => write!(f, "1 directory")?,
+            (0, 2..) => write!(f, "{} directories", self.num_dirs_removed)?,
+            (1, _) => write!(f, "1 file")?,
+            (2.., _) => write!(f, "{} files", self.num_files_removed)?,
+        }
+
+        if self.total_bytes_removed == 0 {
+            Ok(())
+        } else {
+            // Don't show a fractional number of bytes.
+            if self.total_bytes_removed < 1024 {
+                write!(f, ", {}B total", self.total_bytes_removed)
+            } else {
+                let (bytes, unit) = human_readable_bytes(self.total_bytes_removed);
+                write!(f, ", {bytes:.2}{unit} total")
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

src/cmd/command_prelude.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+//! Helpers for building the command-line arguments for commands.
+
+pub use clap::{arg, Arg, ArgMatches, Command};
+use std::path::PathBuf;
+
+pub trait CommandExt: Sized {
+    fn _arg(self, arg: Arg) -> Self;
+
+    fn arg_dest_dir(self) -> Self {
+        self._arg(
+            Arg::new("dest-dir")
+                .short('d')
+                .long("dest-dir")
+                .value_name("dest-dir")
+                .value_parser(clap::value_parser!(PathBuf))
+                .help(
+                    "Output directory for the book\n\
+                    Relative paths are interpreted relative to the book's root directory.\n\
+                    If omitted, mdBook uses build.build-dir from book.toml \
+                    or defaults to `./book`.",
+                ),
+        )
+    }
+
+    fn arg_root_dir(self) -> Self {
+        self._arg(
+            Arg::new("dir")
+                .help(
+                    "Root directory for the book\n\
+                    (Defaults to the current directory when omitted)",
+                )
+                .value_parser(clap::value_parser!(PathBuf)),
+        )
+    }
+
+    fn arg_open(self) -> Self {
+        self._arg(arg!(-o --open "Opens the compiled book in a web browser"))
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(any(feature = "watch", feature = "serve"))]
+    fn arg_watcher(self) -> Self {
+        #[cfg(feature = "watch")]
+        return self._arg(
+            Arg::new("watcher")
+                .long("watcher")
+                .value_parser(["poll", "native"])
+                .default_value("poll")
+                .help("The filesystem watching technique"),
+        );
+        #[cfg(not(feature = "watch"))]
+        return self;
+    }
+}
+
+impl CommandExt for Command {
+    fn _arg(self, arg: Arg) -> Self {
+        self.arg(arg)
+    }
+}

src/cmd/init.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-use clap::{App, ArgMatches, SubCommand};
-use get_book_dir;
+use crate::get_book_dir;
+use clap::{arg, ArgMatches, Command as ClapCommand};
 use mdbook::config;
 use mdbook::errors::Result;
 use mdbook::MDBook;
@@ -8,14 +8,23 @@ use std::io::Write;
 use std::process::Command;
 
 // Create clap subcommand arguments
-pub fn make_subcommand<'a, 'b>() -> App<'a, 'b> {
-    SubCommand::with_name("init")
+pub fn make_subcommand() -> ClapCommand {
+    ClapCommand::new("init")
         .about("Creates the boilerplate structure and files for a new book")
-        // the {n} denotes a newline which will properly aligned in all help messages
-        .arg_from_usage("[dir] 'Directory to create the book in{n}\
-            (Defaults to the Current Directory when omitted)'")
-        .arg_from_usage("--theme 'Copies the default theme into your source folder'")
-        .arg_from_usage("--force 'Skips confirmation prompts'")
+        .arg(
+            arg!([dir]
+                "Directory to create the book in\n\
+                (Defaults to the current directory when omitted)"
+            )
+            .value_parser(clap::value_parser!(std::path::PathBuf)),
+        )
+        .arg(arg!(--theme "Copies the default theme into your source folder"))
+        .arg(arg!(--force "Skips confirmation prompts"))
+        .arg(arg!(--title <title> "Sets the book title"))
+        .arg(
+            arg!(--ignore <ignore> "Creates a VCS ignore file (i.e. .gitignore)")
+                .value_parser(["none", "git"]),
+        )
 }
 
 // Init command implementation
@@ -23,18 +32,13 @@ pub fn execute(args: &ArgMatches) -> Result<()> {
     let book_dir = get_book_dir(args);
     let mut builder = MDBook::init(&book_dir);
     let mut config = config::Config::default();
-
     // If flag `--theme` is present, copy theme to src
-    if args.is_present("theme") {
-        config.set("output.html.theme", "src/theme")?;
+    if args.get_flag("theme") {
+        let theme_dir = book_dir.join("theme");
+        println!();
+        println!("Copying the default theme to {}", theme_dir.display());
         // Skip this if `--force` is present
-        if !args.is_present("force") {
-            // Print warning
-            println!();
-            println!(
-                "Copying the default theme to {}",
-                builder.config().book.src.display()
-            );
+        if !args.get_flag("force") && theme_dir.exists() {
             println!("This could potentially overwrite files already present in that directory.");
             print!("\nAre you sure you want to continue? (y/n) ");
 
@@ -47,20 +51,32 @@ pub fn execute(args: &ArgMatches) -> Result<()> {
         }
     }
 
-    println!("\nDo you want a .gitignore to be created? (y/n)");
-
-    if confirm() {
-        builder.create_gitignore(true);
+    if let Some(ignore) = args.get_one::<String>("ignore").map(|s| s.as_str()) {
+        match ignore {
+            "git" => builder.create_gitignore(true),
+            _ => builder.create_gitignore(false),
+        };
+    } else if !args.get_flag("force") {
+        println!("\nDo you want a .gitignore to be created? (y/n)");
+        if confirm() {
+            builder.create_gitignore(true);
+        }
     }
 
-    config.book.title = request_book_title();
+    config.book.title = if args.contains_id("title") {
+        args.get_one::<String>("title").map(String::from)
+    } else if args.get_flag("force") {
+        None
+    } else {
+        request_book_title()
+    };
 
     if let Some(author) = get_author_name() {
         debug!("Obtained user name from gitconfig: {:?}", author);
         config.book.authors.push(author);
-        builder.with_config(config);
     }
 
+    builder.with_config(config);
     builder.build()?;
     println!("\nAll done, no errors...");
 
@@ -70,7 +86,7 @@ pub fn execute(args: &ArgMatches) -> Result<()> {
 /// Obtains author name from git config file by running the `git config` command.
 fn get_author_name() -> Option<String> {
     let output = Command::new("git")
-        .args(&["config", "--get", "user.name"])
+        .args(["config", "--get", "user.name"])
         .output()
         .ok()?;
 
@@ -100,8 +116,5 @@ fn confirm() -> bool {
     io::stdout().flush().unwrap();
     let mut s = String::new();
     io::stdin().read_line(&mut s).ok();
-    match &*s.trim() {
-        "Y" | "y" | "yes" | "Yes" => true,
-        _ => false,
-    }
+    matches!(s.trim(), "Y" | "y" | "yes" | "Yes")
 }

src/cmd/mod.rs

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 pub mod build;
 pub mod clean;
+pub mod command_prelude;
 pub mod init;
 #[cfg(feature = "serve")]
 pub mod serve;

src/cmd/serve.rs

@@ -1,112 +1,95 @@
-extern crate iron;
-extern crate staticfile;
-extern crate ws;
-
-use self::iron::{
-    status, AfterMiddleware, Chain, Iron, IronError, IronResult, Request, Response, Set,
-};
+use super::command_prelude::*;
 #[cfg(feature = "watch")]
 use super::watch;
-use clap::{App, Arg, ArgMatches, SubCommand};
+use crate::{get_book_dir, open};
+use clap::builder::NonEmptyStringValueParser;
+use futures_util::sink::SinkExt;
+use futures_util::StreamExt;
 use mdbook::errors::*;
-use mdbook::utils;
+use mdbook::utils::fs::get_404_output_file;
 use mdbook::MDBook;
-use std;
-use {get_book_dir, open};
+use std::net::{SocketAddr, ToSocketAddrs};
+use std::path::PathBuf;
+use tokio::sync::broadcast;
+use warp::ws::Message;
+use warp::Filter;
 
-struct ErrorRecover;
+/// The HTTP endpoint for the websocket used to trigger reloads when a file changes.
+const LIVE_RELOAD_ENDPOINT: &str = "__livereload";
 
 // Create clap subcommand arguments
-pub fn make_subcommand<'a, 'b>() -> App<'a, 'b> {
-    SubCommand::with_name("serve")
+pub fn make_subcommand() -> Command {
+    Command::new("serve")
         .about("Serves a book at http://localhost:3000, and rebuilds it on changes")
-        .arg_from_usage(
-            "-d, --dest-dir=[dest-dir] 'Output directory for the book{n}\
-             (If omitted, uses build.build-dir from book.toml or defaults to ./book)'",
-        )
-        .arg_from_usage(
-            "[dir] 'Root directory for the book{n}\
-             (Defaults to the Current Directory when omitted)'",
-        )
+        .arg_dest_dir()
+        .arg_root_dir()
         .arg(
-            Arg::with_name("hostname")
-                .short("n")
+            Arg::new("hostname")
+                .short('n')
                 .long("hostname")
-                .takes_value(true)
+                .num_args(1)
                 .default_value("localhost")
-                .empty_values(false)
+                .value_parser(NonEmptyStringValueParser::new())
                 .help("Hostname to listen on for HTTP connections"),
         )
         .arg(
-            Arg::with_name("port")
-                .short("p")
+            Arg::new("port")
+                .short('p')
                 .long("port")
-                .takes_value(true)
+                .num_args(1)
                 .default_value("3000")
-                .empty_values(false)
+                .value_parser(NonEmptyStringValueParser::new())
                 .help("Port to use for HTTP connections"),
         )
-        .arg(
-            Arg::with_name("websocket-hostname")
-                .long("websocket-hostname")
-                .takes_value(true)
-                .empty_values(false)
-                .help(
-                    "Hostname to connect to for WebSockets connections (Defaults to the HTTP hostname)",
-                ),
-        )
-        .arg(
-            Arg::with_name("websocket-port")
-                .short("w")
-                .long("websocket-port")
-                .takes_value(true)
-                .default_value("3001")
-                .empty_values(false)
-                .help("Port to use for WebSockets livereload connections"),
-        )
-        .arg_from_usage("-o, --open 'Opens the book server in a web browser'")
+        .arg_open()
+        .arg_watcher()
 }
 
-// Watch command implementation
+// Serve command implementation
 pub fn execute(args: &ArgMatches) -> Result<()> {
     let book_dir = get_book_dir(args);
     let mut book = MDBook::load(&book_dir)?;
 
-    let port = args.value_of("port").unwrap();
-    let ws_port = args.value_of("websocket-port").unwrap();
-    let hostname = args.value_of("hostname").unwrap();
-    let public_address = args.value_of("websocket-address").unwrap_or(hostname);
-    let open_browser = args.is_present("open");
+    let port = args.get_one::<String>("port").unwrap();
+    let hostname = args.get_one::<String>("hostname").unwrap();
+    let open_browser = args.get_flag("open");
 
-    let address = format!("{}:{}", hostname, port);
-    let ws_address = format!("{}:{}", hostname, ws_port);
-
-    let livereload_url = format!("ws://{}:{}", public_address, ws_port);
-    book.config
-        .set("output.html.livereload-url", &livereload_url)?;
-
-    if let Some(dest_dir) = args.value_of("dest-dir") {
-        book.config.build.build_dir = dest_dir.into();
-    }
+    let address = format!("{hostname}:{port}");
 
+    let update_config = |book: &mut MDBook| {
+        book.config
+            .set("output.html.live-reload-endpoint", LIVE_RELOAD_ENDPOINT)
+            .expect("live-reload-endpoint update failed");
+        if let Some(dest_dir) = args.get_one::<PathBuf>("dest-dir") {
+            book.config.build.build_dir = dest_dir.into();
+        }
+        // Override site-url for local serving of the 404 file
+        book.config.set("output.html.site-url", "/").unwrap();
+    };
+    update_config(&mut book);
     book.build()?;
 
-    let mut chain = Chain::new(staticfile::Static::new(book.build_dir_for("html")));
-    chain.link_after(ErrorRecover);
-    let _iron = Iron::new(chain)
-        .http(&*address)
-        .chain_err(|| "Unable to launch the server")?;
+    let sockaddr: SocketAddr = address
+        .to_socket_addrs()?
+        .next()
+        .ok_or_else(|| anyhow::anyhow!("no address found for {}", address))?;
+    let build_dir = book.build_dir_for("html");
+    let input_404 = book
+        .config
+        .get("output.html.input-404")
+        .and_then(toml::Value::as_str)
+        .map(ToString::to_string);
+    let file_404 = get_404_output_file(&input_404);
 
-    let ws_server =
-        ws::WebSocket::new(|_| |_| Ok(())).chain_err(|| "Unable to start the websocket")?;
+    // A channel used to broadcast to any websockets to reload when a file changes.
+    let (tx, _rx) = tokio::sync::broadcast::channel::<Message>(100);
 
-    let broadcaster = ws_server.broadcaster();
-
-    std::thread::spawn(move || {
-        ws_server.listen(&*ws_address).unwrap();
+    let reload_tx = tx.clone();
+    let thread_handle = std::thread::spawn(move || {
+        serve(build_dir, sockaddr, reload_tx, &file_404);
     });
 
-    let serving_url = format!("http://{}", address);
+    let serving_url = format!("http://{address}");
     info!("Serving on: {}", serving_url);
 
     if open_browser {
@@ -114,36 +97,57 @@ pub fn execute(args: &ArgMatches) -> Result<()> {
     }
 
     #[cfg(feature = "watch")]
-    watch::trigger_on_change(&mut book, move |path, book_dir| {
-        info!("File changed: {:?}", path);
-        info!("Building book...");
+    {
+        let watcher = watch::WatcherKind::from_str(args.get_one::<String>("watcher").unwrap());
+        watch::rebuild_on_change(watcher, &book_dir, &update_config, &move || {
+            let _ = tx.send(Message::text("reload"));
+        });
+    }
 
-        // FIXME: This area is really ugly because we need to re-set livereload :(
-
-        let result = MDBook::load(&book_dir)
-            .and_then(|mut b| {
-                b.config
-                    .set("output.html.livereload-url", &livereload_url)?;
-                Ok(b)
-            }).and_then(|b| b.build());
-
-        if let Err(e) = result {
-            error!("Unable to load the book");
-            utils::log_backtrace(&e);
-        } else {
-            let _ = broadcaster.send("reload");
-        }
-    });
+    let _ = thread_handle.join();
 
     Ok(())
 }
 
-impl AfterMiddleware for ErrorRecover {
-    fn catch(&self, _: &mut Request, err: IronError) -> IronResult<Response> {
-        match err.response.status {
-            // each error will result in 404 response
-            Some(_) => Ok(err.response.set(status::NotFound)),
-            _ => Err(err),
-        }
-    }
+#[tokio::main]
+async fn serve(
+    build_dir: PathBuf,
+    address: SocketAddr,
+    reload_tx: broadcast::Sender<Message>,
+    file_404: &str,
+) {
+    // A warp Filter which captures `reload_tx` and provides an `rx` copy to
+    // receive reload messages.
+    let sender = warp::any().map(move || reload_tx.subscribe());
+
+    // A warp Filter to handle the livereload endpoint. This upgrades to a
+    // websocket, and then waits for any filesystem change notifications, and
+    // relays them over the websocket.
+    let livereload = warp::path(LIVE_RELOAD_ENDPOINT)
+        .and(warp::ws())
+        .and(sender)
+        .map(|ws: warp::ws::Ws, mut rx: broadcast::Receiver<Message>| {
+            ws.on_upgrade(move |ws| async move {
+                let (mut user_ws_tx, _user_ws_rx) = ws.split();
+                trace!("websocket got connection");
+                if let Ok(m) = rx.recv().await {
+                    trace!("notify of reload");
+                    let _ = user_ws_tx.send(m).await;
+                }
+            })
+        });
+    // A warp Filter that serves from the filesystem.
+    let book_route = warp::fs::dir(build_dir.clone());
+    // The fallback route for 404 errors
+    let fallback_route = warp::fs::file(build_dir.join(file_404))
+        .map(|reply| warp::reply::with_status(reply, warp::http::StatusCode::NOT_FOUND));
+    let routes = livereload.or(book_route).or(fallback_route);
+
+    std::panic::set_hook(Box::new(move |panic_info| {
+        // exit if serve panics
+        error!("Unable to serve: {}", panic_info);
+        std::process::exit(1);
+    }));
+
+    warp::serve(routes).run(address).await;
 }

src/cmd/test.rs

@@ -1,45 +1,58 @@
-use clap::{App, Arg, ArgMatches, SubCommand};
-use get_book_dir;
+use super::command_prelude::*;
+use crate::get_book_dir;
+use clap::builder::NonEmptyStringValueParser;
+use clap::ArgAction;
 use mdbook::errors::Result;
 use mdbook::MDBook;
+use std::path::PathBuf;
 
 // Create clap subcommand arguments
-pub fn make_subcommand<'a, 'b>() -> App<'a, 'b> {
-    SubCommand::with_name("test")
+pub fn make_subcommand() -> Command {
+    Command::new("test")
         .about("Tests that a book's Rust code samples compile")
-        .arg_from_usage(
-            "-d, --dest-dir=[dest-dir] 'Output directory for the book{n}\
-             (If omitted, uses build.build-dir from book.toml or defaults to ./book)'",
+        // FIXME: --dest-dir is unused by the test command, it should be removed
+        .arg_dest_dir()
+        .arg_root_dir()
+        .arg(
+            Arg::new("chapter")
+                .short('c')
+                .long("chapter")
+                .value_name("chapter"),
         )
-        .arg_from_usage(
-            "[dir] 'Root directory for the book{n}\
-             (Defaults to the Current Directory when omitted)'",
+        .arg(
+            Arg::new("library-path")
+                .short('L')
+                .long("library-path")
+                .value_name("dir")
+                .value_delimiter(',')
+                .value_parser(NonEmptyStringValueParser::new())
+                .action(ArgAction::Append)
+                .help(
+                    "A comma-separated list of directories to add to the crate \
+                    search path when building tests",
+                ),
         )
-        .arg(Arg::with_name("library-path")
-            .short("L")
-            .long("library-path")
-            .value_name("dir")
-            .takes_value(true)
-            .require_delimiter(true)
-            .multiple(true)
-            .empty_values(false)
-            .help("A comma-separated list of directories to add to {n}the crate search path when building tests"))
 }
 
 // test command implementation
 pub fn execute(args: &ArgMatches) -> Result<()> {
     let library_paths: Vec<&str> = args
-        .values_of("library-path")
-        .map(|v| v.collect())
+        .get_many("library-path")
+        .map(|it| it.map(String::as_str).collect())
         .unwrap_or_default();
+
+    let chapter: Option<&str> = args.get_one::<String>("chapter").map(|s| s.as_str());
+
     let book_dir = get_book_dir(args);
-    let mut book = MDBook::load(&book_dir)?;
+    let mut book = MDBook::load(book_dir)?;
 
-    if let Some(dest_dir) = args.value_of("dest-dir") {
-        book.config.build.build_dir = dest_dir.into();
+    if let Some(dest_dir) = args.get_one::<PathBuf>("dest-dir") {
+        book.config.build.build_dir = dest_dir.to_path_buf();
     }
-
-    book.test(library_paths)?;
+    match chapter {
+        Some(_) => book.test_chapter(library_paths, chapter),
+        None => book.test(library_paths),
+    }?;
 
     Ok(())
 }

src/cmd/watch.rs

@@ -1,90 +1,80 @@
-extern crate notify;
-
-use self::notify::Watcher;
-use clap::{App, ArgMatches, SubCommand};
+use super::command_prelude::*;
+use crate::{get_book_dir, open};
 use mdbook::errors::Result;
-use mdbook::utils;
 use mdbook::MDBook;
-use std::path::Path;
-use std::sync::mpsc::channel;
-use std::time::Duration;
-use {get_book_dir, open};
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
+
+mod native;
+mod poller;
 
 // Create clap subcommand arguments
-pub fn make_subcommand<'a, 'b>() -> App<'a, 'b> {
-    SubCommand::with_name("watch")
+pub fn make_subcommand() -> Command {
+    Command::new("watch")
         .about("Watches a book's files and rebuilds it on changes")
-        .arg_from_usage(
-            "-d, --dest-dir=[dest-dir] 'Output directory for the book{n}\
-             (If omitted, uses build.build-dir from book.toml or defaults to ./book)'",
-        ).arg_from_usage(
-            "[dir] 'Root directory for the book{n}\
-             (Defaults to the Current Directory when omitted)'",
-        ).arg_from_usage("-o, --open 'Open the compiled book in a web browser'")
+        .arg_dest_dir()
+        .arg_root_dir()
+        .arg_open()
+        .arg_watcher()
+}
+
+pub enum WatcherKind {
+    Poll,
+    Native,
+}
+
+impl WatcherKind {
+    pub fn from_str(s: &str) -> WatcherKind {
+        match s {
+            "poll" => WatcherKind::Poll,
+            "native" => WatcherKind::Native,
+            _ => panic!("unsupported watcher {s}"),
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 // Watch command implementation
 pub fn execute(args: &ArgMatches) -> Result<()> {
     let book_dir = get_book_dir(args);
-    let book = MDBook::load(&book_dir)?;
+    let mut book = MDBook::load(&book_dir)?;
 
-    if args.is_present("open") {
+    let update_config = |book: &mut MDBook| {
+        if let Some(dest_dir) = args.get_one::<PathBuf>("dest-dir") {
+            book.config.build.build_dir = dest_dir.into();
+        }
+    };
+    update_config(&mut book);
+
+    if args.get_flag("open") {
         book.build()?;
-        open(book.build_dir_for("html").join("index.html"));
+        let path = book.build_dir_for("html").join("index.html");
+        if !path.exists() {
+            error!("No chapter available to open");
+            std::process::exit(1)
+        }
+        open(path);
     }
 
-    trigger_on_change(&book, |path, book_dir| {
-        info!("File changed: {:?}\nBuilding book...\n", path);
-        let result = MDBook::load(&book_dir).and_then(|b| b.build());
-
-        if let Err(e) = result {
-            error!("Unable to build the book");
-            utils::log_backtrace(&e);
-        }
-    });
+    let watcher = WatcherKind::from_str(args.get_one::<String>("watcher").unwrap());
+    rebuild_on_change(watcher, &book_dir, &update_config, &|| {});
 
     Ok(())
 }
 
-/// Calls the closure when a book source file is changed, blocking indefinitely.
-pub fn trigger_on_change<F>(book: &MDBook, closure: F)
-where
-    F: Fn(&Path, &Path),
-{
-    use self::notify::DebouncedEvent::*;
-    use self::notify::RecursiveMode::*;
-
-    // Create a channel to receive the events.
-    let (tx, rx) = channel();
-
-    let mut watcher = match notify::watcher(tx, Duration::from_secs(1)) {
-        Ok(w) => w,
-        Err(e) => {
-            error!("Error while trying to watch the files:\n\n\t{:?}", e);
-            ::std::process::exit(1)
-        }
-    };
-
-    // Add the source directory to the watcher
-    if let Err(e) = watcher.watch(book.source_dir(), Recursive) {
-        error!("Error while watching {:?}:\n    {:?}", book.source_dir(), e);
-        ::std::process::exit(1);
-    };
-
-    let _ = watcher.watch(book.theme_dir(), Recursive);
-
-    // Add the book.toml file to the watcher if it exists
-    let _ = watcher.watch(book.root.join("book.toml"), NonRecursive);
-
-    info!("Listening for changes...");
-
-    for event in rx.iter() {
-        debug!("Received filesystem event: {:?}", event);
-        match event {
-            Create(path) | Write(path) | Remove(path) | Rename(_, path) => {
-                closure(&path, &book.root);
-            }
-            _ => {}
-        }
+pub fn rebuild_on_change(
+    kind: WatcherKind,
+    book_dir: &Path,
+    update_config: &dyn Fn(&mut MDBook),
+    post_build: &dyn Fn(),
+) {
+    match kind {
+        WatcherKind::Poll => self::poller::rebuild_on_change(book_dir, update_config, post_build),
+        WatcherKind::Native => self::native::rebuild_on_change(book_dir, update_config, post_build),
     }
 }
+
+fn find_gitignore(book_root: &Path) -> Option<PathBuf> {
+    book_root
+        .ancestors()
+        .map(|p| p.join(".gitignore"))
+        .find(|p| p.exists())
+}

src/cmd/watch/native.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+//! A filesystem watcher using native operating system facilities.
+
+use ignore::gitignore::Gitignore;
+use mdbook::MDBook;
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
+use std::sync::mpsc::channel;
+use std::thread::sleep;
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+pub fn rebuild_on_change(
+    book_dir: &Path,
+    update_config: &dyn Fn(&mut MDBook),
+    post_build: &dyn Fn(),
+) {
+    use notify::RecursiveMode::*;
+
+    let mut book = MDBook::load(book_dir).unwrap_or_else(|e| {
+        error!("failed to load book: {e}");
+        std::process::exit(1);
+    });
+
+    // Create a channel to receive the events.
+    let (tx, rx) = channel();
+
+    let mut debouncer = match notify_debouncer_mini::new_debouncer(Duration::from_secs(1), tx) {
+        Ok(d) => d,
+        Err(e) => {
+            error!("Error while trying to watch the files:\n\n\t{:?}", e);
+            std::process::exit(1)
+        }
+    };
+    let watcher = debouncer.watcher();
+
+    // Add the source directory to the watcher
+    if let Err(e) = watcher.watch(&book.source_dir(), Recursive) {
+        error!("Error while watching {:?}:\n    {:?}", book.source_dir(), e);
+        std::process::exit(1);
+    };
+
+    let _ = watcher.watch(&book.theme_dir(), Recursive);
+
+    // Add the book.toml file to the watcher if it exists
+    let _ = watcher.watch(&book.root.join("book.toml"), NonRecursive);
+
+    for dir in &book.config.build.extra_watch_dirs {
+        let path = book.root.join(dir);
+        let canonical_path = path.canonicalize().unwrap_or_else(|e| {
+            error!("Error while watching extra directory {path:?}:\n    {e}");
+            std::process::exit(1);
+        });
+
+        if let Err(e) = watcher.watch(&canonical_path, Recursive) {
+            error!(
+                "Error while watching extra directory {:?}:\n    {:?}",
+                canonical_path, e
+            );
+            std::process::exit(1);
+        }
+    }
+
+    info!("Listening for changes...");
+
+    loop {
+        let first_event = rx.recv().unwrap();
+        sleep(Duration::from_millis(50));
+        let other_events = rx.try_iter();
+
+        let all_events = std::iter::once(first_event).chain(other_events);
+
+        let paths: Vec<_> = all_events
+            .filter_map(|event| match event {
+                Ok(events) => Some(events),
+                Err(error) => {
+                    log::warn!("error while watching for changes: {error}");
+                    None
+                }
+            })
+            .flatten()
+            .map(|event| event.path)
+            .collect();
+
+        // If we are watching files outside the current repository (via extra-watch-dirs), then they are definitionally
+        // ignored by gitignore. So we handle this case by including such files into the watched paths list.
+        let any_external_paths = paths.iter().filter(|p| !p.starts_with(&book.root)).cloned();
+        let mut paths = remove_ignored_files(&book.root, &paths[..]);
+        paths.extend(any_external_paths);
+
+        if !paths.is_empty() {
+            info!("Files changed: {paths:?}");
+            match MDBook::load(book_dir) {
+                Ok(mut b) => {
+                    update_config(&mut b);
+                    if let Err(e) = b.build() {
+                        error!("failed to build the book: {e:?}");
+                    } else {
+                        post_build();
+                    }
+                    book = b;
+                }
+                Err(e) => error!("failed to load book config: {e:?}"),
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn remove_ignored_files(book_root: &Path, paths: &[PathBuf]) -> Vec<PathBuf> {
+    if paths.is_empty() {
+        return vec![];
+    }
+
+    match super::find_gitignore(book_root) {
+        Some(gitignore_path) => {
+            let (ignore, err) = Gitignore::new(&gitignore_path);
+            if let Some(err) = err {
+                warn!(
+                    "error reading gitignore `{}`: {err}",
+                    gitignore_path.display()
+                );
+            }
+            filter_ignored_files(ignore, paths)
+        }
+        None => {
+            // There is no .gitignore file.
+            paths.iter().map(|path| path.to_path_buf()).collect()
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// Note: The usage of `canonicalize` may encounter occasional failures on the Windows platform, presenting a potential risk.
+// For more details, refer to [Pull Request #2229](https://github.com/rust-lang/mdBook/pull/2229#discussion_r1408665981).
+fn filter_ignored_files(ignore: Gitignore, paths: &[PathBuf]) -> Vec<PathBuf> {
+    let ignore_root = ignore
+        .path()
+        .canonicalize()
+        .expect("ignore root canonicalize error");
+
+    paths
+        .iter()
+        .filter(|path| {
+            let relative_path = pathdiff::diff_paths(&path, &ignore_root)
+                .expect("One of the paths should be an absolute");
+            !ignore
+                .matched_path_or_any_parents(&relative_path, relative_path.is_dir())
+                .is_ignore()
+        })
+        .map(|path| path.to_path_buf())
+        .collect()
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use ignore::gitignore::GitignoreBuilder;
+    use std::env;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_filter_ignored_files() {
+        let current_dir = env::current_dir().unwrap();
+
+        let ignore = GitignoreBuilder::new(&current_dir)
+            .add_line(None, "*.html")
+            .unwrap()
+            .build()
+            .unwrap();
+        let should_remain = current_dir.join("record.text");
+        let should_filter = current_dir.join("index.html");
+
+        let remain = filter_ignored_files(ignore, &[should_remain.clone(), should_filter]);
+        assert_eq!(remain, vec![should_remain])
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn filter_ignored_files_should_handle_parent_dir() {
+        let current_dir = env::current_dir().unwrap();
+
+        let ignore = GitignoreBuilder::new(&current_dir)
+            .add_line(None, "*.html")
+            .unwrap()
+            .build()
+            .unwrap();
+
+        let parent_dir = current_dir.join("..");
+        let should_remain = parent_dir.join("record.text");
+        let should_filter = parent_dir.join("index.html");
+
+        let remain = filter_ignored_files(ignore, &[should_remain.clone(), should_filter]);
+        assert_eq!(remain, vec![should_remain])
+    }
+}

src/cmd/watch/poller.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,386 @@
+//! A simple poll-based filesystem watcher.
+//!
+//! This exists because the native change notifications have historically had
+//! lots of problems. Various operating systems and different filesystems have
+//! had problems correctly reporting changes.
+
+use ignore::gitignore::Gitignore;
+use mdbook::MDBook;
+use pathdiff::diff_paths;
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::fs::FileType;
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
+use std::time::{Duration, Instant, SystemTime};
+use walkdir::WalkDir;
+
+/// Calls the closure when a book source file is changed, blocking indefinitely.
+pub fn rebuild_on_change(
+    book_dir: &Path,
+    update_config: &dyn Fn(&mut MDBook),
+    post_build: &dyn Fn(),
+) {
+    let mut book = MDBook::load(book_dir).unwrap_or_else(|e| {
+        error!("failed to load book: {e}");
+        std::process::exit(1);
+    });
+
+    let mut watcher = Watcher::new(book_dir);
+
+    info!("Watching for changes...");
+    // Scan once to initialize the starting point.
+    watcher.set_roots(&book);
+    watcher.scan();
+
+    // Track average scan time, to help investigate if the poller is taking
+    // undesirably long. This is not a rigorous benchmark, just a rough
+    // estimate.
+    const AVG_SIZE: usize = 60;
+    let mut avgs = vec![0.0; AVG_SIZE];
+    let mut avg_i = 0;
+
+    loop {
+        std::thread::sleep(Duration::new(1, 0));
+        watcher.set_roots(&book);
+        let start = Instant::now();
+        let paths = watcher.scan();
+        let elapsed = start.elapsed().as_secs_f64();
+        avgs[avg_i] = elapsed;
+        avg_i += 1;
+        if avg_i >= AVG_SIZE {
+            avg_i = 0;
+            let avg = avgs.iter().sum::<f64>() / (avgs.len() as f64);
+            trace!(
+                "scan average time: {avg:.2}s, scan size is {}",
+                watcher.path_data.len()
+            );
+        }
+
+        if !paths.is_empty() {
+            info!("Files changed: {paths:?}");
+            match MDBook::load(book_dir) {
+                Ok(mut b) => {
+                    update_config(&mut b);
+                    if let Err(e) = b.build() {
+                        error!("failed to build the book: {e:?}");
+                    } else {
+                        post_build();
+                    }
+                    book = b;
+                }
+                Err(e) => error!("failed to load book config: {e:?}"),
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(PartialEq)]
+struct PathData {
+    file_type: FileType,
+    mtime: SystemTime,
+    size: u64,
+}
+
+/// A very simple poll-watcher that scans for modified files.
+#[derive(Default)]
+struct Watcher {
+    /// The root paths where it will recursively scan for changes.
+    root_paths: Vec<PathBuf>,
+    /// Data about files on disk.
+    path_data: HashMap<PathBuf, PathData>,
+    /// Filters paths that will be watched.
+    ignore: Option<(PathBuf, Gitignore)>,
+}
+
+impl Watcher {
+    fn new(book_root: &Path) -> Watcher {
+        // FIXME: ignore should be reloaded when it changes.
+        let ignore = super::find_gitignore(book_root).map(|gitignore_path| {
+            let (ignore, err) = Gitignore::new(&gitignore_path);
+            if let Some(err) = err {
+                warn!(
+                    "error reading gitignore `{}`: {err}",
+                    gitignore_path.display()
+                );
+            }
+            // Note: The usage of `canonicalize` may encounter occasional
+            // failures on the Windows platform, presenting a potential risk.
+            // For more details, refer to [Pull Request
+            // #2229](https://github.com/rust-lang/mdBook/pull/2229#discussion_r1408665981).
+            let ignore_path = ignore
+                .path()
+                .canonicalize()
+                .expect("ignore root canonicalize error");
+            (ignore_path, ignore)
+        });
+
+        Watcher {
+            ignore,
+            ..Default::default()
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the root directories where scanning will start.
+    fn set_roots(&mut self, book: &MDBook) {
+        let mut root_paths = vec![
+            book.source_dir(),
+            book.theme_dir(),
+            book.root.join("book.toml"),
+        ];
+        root_paths.extend(
+            book.config
+                .build
+                .extra_watch_dirs
+                .iter()
+                .map(|path| book.root.join(path)),
+        );
+        if let Some(html_config) = book.config.html_config() {
+            root_paths.extend(
+                html_config
+                    .additional_css
+                    .iter()
+                    .chain(html_config.additional_js.iter())
+                    .map(|path| book.root.join(path)),
+            );
+        }
+
+        self.root_paths = root_paths;
+    }
+
+    /// Scans for changes.
+    ///
+    /// Returns the paths that have changed.
+    fn scan(&mut self) -> Vec<PathBuf> {
+        let ignore = &self.ignore;
+        let new_path_data: HashMap<_, _> = self
+            .root_paths
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|root| root.exists())
+            .flat_map(|root| {
+                WalkDir::new(root)
+                    .follow_links(true)
+                    .into_iter()
+                    .filter_entry(|entry| {
+                        if let Some((ignore_path, ignore)) = ignore {
+                            let path = entry.path();
+                            // Canonicalization helps with removing `..` and
+                            // `.` entries, which can cause issues with
+                            // diff_paths.
+                            let path = path.canonicalize().unwrap_or_else(|_| path.to_path_buf());
+                            let relative_path = diff_paths(&path, &ignore_path)
+                                .expect("One of the paths should be an absolute");
+                            if ignore
+                                .matched_path_or_any_parents(&relative_path, relative_path.is_dir())
+                                .is_ignore()
+                            {
+                                trace!("ignoring {path:?}");
+                                return false;
+                            }
+                        }
+                        true
+                    })
+                    .filter_map(move |entry| {
+                        let entry = match entry {
+                            Ok(e) => e,
+                            Err(e) => {
+                                debug!("failed to scan {root:?}: {e}");
+                                return None;
+                            }
+                        };
+                        if entry.file_type().is_dir() {
+                            // Changes to directories themselves aren't
+                            // particularly interesting.
+                            return None;
+                        }
+                        let path = entry.path().to_path_buf();
+
+                        let meta = match entry.metadata() {
+                            Ok(meta) => meta,
+                            Err(e) => {
+                                debug!("failed to scan {path:?}: {e}");
+                                return None;
+                            }
+                        };
+                        let mtime = meta.modified().unwrap_or(SystemTime::UNIX_EPOCH);
+                        let pd = PathData {
+                            file_type: meta.file_type(),
+                            mtime,
+                            size: meta.len(),
+                        };
+                        Some((path, pd))
+                    })
+            })
+            .collect();
+        let mut paths = Vec::new();
+        for (new_path, new_data) in &new_path_data {
+            match self.path_data.get(new_path) {
+                Some(old_data) => {
+                    if new_data != old_data {
+                        paths.push(new_path.to_path_buf());
+                    }
+                }
+                None => {
+                    paths.push(new_path.clone());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        for old_path in self.path_data.keys() {
+            if !new_path_data.contains_key(old_path) {
+                paths.push(old_path.to_path_buf());
+            }
+        }
+        self.path_data = new_path_data;
+        paths
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    /// Helper for testing the watcher.
+    fn check_watch_behavior(
+        gitignore_path: &str,
+        gitignore: &str,
+        book_root_path: &str,
+        ignored: &[&str],
+        not_ignored: &[&str],
+        extra_setup: &dyn Fn(&Path),
+    ) {
+        // Create the book and initialize things.
+        let temp = tempfile::Builder::new()
+            .prefix("mdbook-")
+            .tempdir()
+            .unwrap();
+        let root = temp.path();
+        let book_root = root.join(book_root_path);
+        // eprintln!("book_root={book_root:?}",);
+        MDBook::init(&book_root).build().unwrap();
+        std::fs::write(root.join(gitignore_path), gitignore).unwrap();
+        let create = |paths: &[&str]| {
+            let mut paths = paths
+                .iter()
+                .map(|path| root.join(path))
+                .inspect(|path| {
+                    std::fs::create_dir_all(path.parent().unwrap()).unwrap();
+                    std::fs::write(path, "initial content").unwrap();
+                })
+                .map(|path| path.canonicalize().unwrap())
+                .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+            paths.sort();
+            paths
+        };
+        let ignored = create(ignored);
+        let not_ignored = create(not_ignored);
+        extra_setup(&book_root);
+        // Create a watcher and check its behavior.
+        let book = MDBook::load(&book_root).unwrap();
+        let mut watcher = Watcher::new(&book_root);
+        watcher.set_roots(&book);
+        // Do an initial scan to initialize its state.
+        watcher.scan();
+        // Verify the steady state is empty.
+        let changed = watcher.scan();
+        assert_eq!(changed, Vec::<PathBuf>::new());
+        // Modify all files, and verify that only not_ignored are detected.
+        for path in ignored.iter().chain(not_ignored.iter()) {
+            std::fs::write(path, "modified").unwrap();
+        }
+        let changed = watcher.scan();
+        let mut changed = changed
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|p| p.canonicalize().unwrap())
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        changed.sort();
+        assert_eq!(changed, not_ignored);
+        // Verify again that steady state is empty.
+        let changed = watcher.scan();
+        assert_eq!(changed, Vec::<PathBuf>::new());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_ignore() {
+        // Basic gitignore test.
+        check_watch_behavior(
+            "foo/.gitignore",
+            "*.tmp",
+            "foo",
+            &["foo/src/somefile.tmp"],
+            &["foo/src/chapter.md"],
+            &|_book_root| {},
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_ignore_in_parent() {
+        // gitignore is in the parent of the book
+        check_watch_behavior(
+            ".gitignore",
+            "*.tmp\nsomedir/\n/inroot\n/foo/src/inbook\n",
+            "foo",
+            &[
+                "foo/src/somefile.tmp",
+                "foo/src/somedir/somefile",
+                "inroot/somefile",
+                "foo/src/inbook/somefile",
+            ],
+            &["foo/src/inroot/somefile"],
+            &|_book_root| {},
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_ignore_canonical() {
+        // test with path with ..
+        check_watch_behavior(
+            ".gitignore",
+            "*.tmp\nsomedir/\n/foo/src/inbook\n",
+            "bar/../foo",
+            &[
+                "foo/src/somefile.tmp",
+                "foo/src/somedir/somefile",
+                "foo/src/inbook/somefile",
+            ],
+            &["foo/src/chapter.md"],
+            &|_book_root| {},
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_scan_extra_watch() {
+        // Check behavior with extra-watch-dirs
+        check_watch_behavior(
+            ".gitignore",
+            "*.tmp\n/outside-root/ignoreme\n/foo/examples/ignoreme\n",
+            "foo",
+            &[
+                "foo/src/somefile.tmp",
+                "foo/examples/example.tmp",
+                "outside-root/somefile.tmp",
+                "outside-root/ignoreme",
+                "foo/examples/ignoreme",
+            ],
+            &[
+                "foo/src/chapter.md",
+                "foo/examples/example.rs",
+                "foo/examples/example2.rs",
+                "outside-root/image.png",
+            ],
+            &|book_root| {
+                std::fs::write(
+                    book_root.join("book.toml"),
+                    r#"
+                        [book]
+                        title = "foo"
+
+                        [build]
+                        extra-watch-dirs = [
+                            "examples",
+                            "../outside-root",
+                        ]
+                    "#,
+                )
+                .unwrap();
+            },
+        );
+    }
+}

src/front-end/css/ayu-highlight.css

@@ -8,12 +8,10 @@ Original by Dempfi (https://github.com/dempfi/ayu)
   overflow-x: auto;
   background: #191f26;
   color: #e6e1cf;
-  padding: 0.5em;
 }
 
 .hljs-comment,
-.hljs-quote,
-.hljs-meta {
+.hljs-quote {
   color: #5c6773;
   font-style: italic;
 }
@@ -30,6 +28,7 @@ Original by Dempfi (https://github.com/dempfi/ayu)
 }
 
 .hljs-number,
+.hljs-meta,
 .hljs-builtin-name,
 .hljs-literal,
 .hljs-type,
@@ -69,3 +68,11 @@ Original by Dempfi (https://github.com/dempfi/ayu)
 .hljs-strong {
   font-weight: bold;
 }
+
+.hljs-addition {
+  color: #91b362;
+}
+
+.hljs-deletion {
+  color: #d96c75;
+}

src/front-end/css/chrome.css

@@ -0,0 +1,701 @@
+/* CSS for UI elements (a.k.a. chrome) */
+
+html {
+    scrollbar-color: var(--scrollbar) var(--bg);
+}
+#searchresults a,
+.content a:link,
+a:visited,
+a > .hljs {
+    color: var(--links);
+}
+
+/*
+    body-container is necessary because mobile browsers don't seem to like
+    overflow-x on the body tag when there is a <meta name="viewport"> tag.
+*/
+#body-container {
+    /*
+        This is used when the sidebar pushes the body content off the side of
+        the screen on small screens. Without it, dragging on mobile Safari
+        will want to reposition the viewport in a weird way.
+    */
+    overflow-x: clip;
+}
+
+/* Menu Bar */
+
+#menu-bar,
+#menu-bar-hover-placeholder {
+    z-index: 101;
+    margin: auto calc(0px - var(--page-padding));
+}
+#menu-bar {
+    position: relative;
+    display: flex;
+    flex-wrap: wrap;
+    background-color: var(--bg);
+    border-block-end-color: var(--bg);
+    border-block-end-width: 1px;
+    border-block-end-style: solid;
+}
+#menu-bar.sticky,
+#menu-bar-hover-placeholder:hover + #menu-bar,
+#menu-bar:hover,
+html.sidebar-visible #menu-bar {
+    position: -webkit-sticky;
+    position: sticky;
+    top: 0 !important;
+}
+#menu-bar-hover-placeholder {
+    position: sticky;
+    position: -webkit-sticky;
+    top: 0;
+    height: var(--menu-bar-height);
+}
+#menu-bar.bordered {
+    border-block-end-color: var(--table-border-color);
+}
+#menu-bar i, #menu-bar .icon-button {
+    position: relative;
+    padding: 0 8px;
+    z-index: 10;
+    line-height: var(--menu-bar-height);
+    cursor: pointer;
+    transition: color 0.5s;
+}
+@media only screen and (max-width: 420px) {
+    #menu-bar i, #menu-bar .icon-button {
+        padding: 0 5px;
+    }
+}
+
+.icon-button {
+    border: none;
+    background: none;
+    padding: 0;
+    color: inherit;
+}
+.icon-button i {
+    margin: 0;
+}
+
+.right-buttons {
+    margin: 0 15px;
+}
+.right-buttons a {
+    text-decoration: none;
+}
+
+.left-buttons {
+    display: flex;
+    margin: 0 5px;
+}
+html:not(.js) .left-buttons button {
+    display: none;
+}
+
+.menu-title {
+    display: inline-block;
+    font-weight: 200;
+    font-size: 2.4rem;
+    line-height: var(--menu-bar-height);
+    text-align: center;
+    margin: 0;
+    flex: 1;
+    white-space: nowrap;
+    overflow: hidden;
+    text-overflow: ellipsis;
+}
+.menu-title {
+    cursor: pointer;
+}
+
+.menu-bar,
+.menu-bar:visited,
+.nav-chapters,
+.nav-chapters:visited,
+.mobile-nav-chapters,
+.mobile-nav-chapters:visited,
+.menu-bar .icon-button,
+.menu-bar a i {
+    color: var(--icons);
+}
+
+.menu-bar i:hover,
+.menu-bar .icon-button:hover,
+.nav-chapters:hover,
+.mobile-nav-chapters i:hover {
+    color: var(--icons-hover);
+}
+
+/* Nav Icons */
+
+.nav-chapters {
+    font-size: 2.5em;
+    text-align: center;
+    text-decoration: none;
+
+    position: fixed;
+    top: 0;
+    bottom: 0;
+    margin: 0;
+    max-width: 150px;
+    min-width: 90px;
+
+    display: flex;
+    justify-content: center;
+    align-content: center;
+    flex-direction: column;
+
+    transition: color 0.5s, background-color 0.5s;
+}
+
+.nav-chapters:hover {
+    text-decoration: none;
+    background-color: var(--theme-hover);
+    transition: background-color 0.15s, color 0.15s;
+}
+
+.nav-wrapper {
+    margin-block-start: 50px;
+    display: none;
+}
+
+.mobile-nav-chapters {
+    font-size: 2.5em;
+    text-align: center;
+    text-decoration: none;
+    width: 90px;
+    border-radius: 5px;
+    background-color: var(--sidebar-bg);
+}
+
+/* Only Firefox supports flow-relative values */
+.previous { float: left; }
+[dir=rtl] .previous { float: right; }
+
+/* Only Firefox supports flow-relative values */
+.next {
+    float: right;
+    right: var(--page-padding);
+}
+[dir=rtl] .next {
+    float: left;
+    right: unset;
+    left: var(--page-padding);
+}
+
+/* Use the correct buttons for RTL layouts*/
+[dir=rtl] .previous i.fa-angle-left:before {content:"\f105";}
+[dir=rtl] .next i.fa-angle-right:before { content:"\f104"; }
+
+@media only screen and (max-width: 1080px) {
+    .nav-wide-wrapper { display: none; }
+    .nav-wrapper { display: block; }
+}
+
+/* sidebar-visible */
+@media only screen and (max-width: 1380px) {
+    #sidebar-toggle-anchor:checked ~ .page-wrapper .nav-wide-wrapper { display: none; }
+    #sidebar-toggle-anchor:checked ~ .page-wrapper .nav-wrapper { display: block; }
+}
+
+/* Inline code */
+
+:not(pre) > .hljs {
+    display: inline;
+    padding: 0.1em 0.3em;
+    border-radius: 3px;
+}
+
+:not(pre):not(a) > .hljs {
+    color: var(--inline-code-color);
+    overflow-x: initial;
+}
+
+a:hover > .hljs {
+    text-decoration: underline;
+}
+
+pre {
+    position: relative;
+}
+pre > .buttons {
+    position: absolute;
+    z-index: 100;
+    right: 0px;
+    top: 2px;
+    margin: 0px;
+    padding: 2px 0px;
+
+    color: var(--sidebar-fg);
+    cursor: pointer;
+    visibility: hidden;
+    opacity: 0;
+    transition: visibility 0.1s linear, opacity 0.1s linear;
+}
+pre:hover > .buttons {
+    visibility: visible;
+    opacity: 1
+}
+pre > .buttons :hover {
+    color: var(--sidebar-active);
+    border-color: var(--icons-hover);
+    background-color: var(--theme-hover);
+}
+pre > .buttons i {
+    margin-inline-start: 8px;
+}
+pre > .buttons button {
+    cursor: inherit;
+    margin: 0px 5px;
+    padding: 4px 4px 3px 5px;
+    font-size: 23px;
+
+    border-style: solid;
+    border-width: 1px;
+    border-radius: 4px;
+    border-color: var(--icons);
+    background-color: var(--theme-popup-bg);
+    transition: 100ms;
+    transition-property: color,border-color,background-color;
+    color: var(--icons);
+}
+
+pre > .buttons button.clip-button {
+    padding: 2px 4px 0px 6px;
+}
+pre > .buttons button.clip-button::before {
+    /* clipboard image from octicons (https://github.com/primer/octicons/tree/v2.0.0) MIT license
+     */
+    content: url('data:image/svg+xml,<svg width="21" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 25" \
+xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-label="Copy to clipboard">\
+<path d="M18 20h2v3c0 1-1 2-2 2H2c-.998 0-2-1-2-2V5c0-.911.755-1.667 1.667-1.667h5A3.323 3.323 0 \
+0110 0a3.323 3.323 0 013.333 3.333h5C19.245 3.333 20 4.09 20 5v8.333h-2V9H2v14h16v-3zM3 \
+7h14c0-.911-.793-1.667-1.75-1.667H13.5c-.957 0-1.75-.755-1.75-1.666C11.75 2.755 10.957 2 10 \
+2s-1.75.755-1.75 1.667c0 .911-.793 1.666-1.75 1.666H4.75C3.793 5.333 3 6.09 3 7z"/>\
+<path d="M4 19h6v2H4zM12 11H4v2h8zM4 17h4v-2H4zM15 15v-3l-4.5 4.5L15 21v-3l8.027-.032L23 15z"/>\
+</svg>');
+    filter: var(--copy-button-filter);
+}
+pre > .buttons button.clip-button:hover::before {
+    filter: var(--copy-button-filter-hover);
+}
+
+@media (pointer: coarse) {
+    pre > .buttons button {
+        /* On mobile, make it easier to tap buttons. */
+        padding: 0.3rem 1rem;
+    }
+
+    .sidebar-resize-indicator {
+        /* Hide resize indicator on devices with limited accuracy */
+        display: none;
+    }
+}
+pre > code {
+    display: block;
+    padding: 1rem;
+}
+
+/* FIXME: ACE editors overlap their buttons because ACE does absolute
+   positioning within the code block which breaks padding. The only solution I
+   can think of is to move the padding to the outer pre tag (or insert a div
+   wrapper), but that would require fixing a whole bunch of CSS rules.
+*/
+.hljs.ace_editor {
+  padding: 0rem 0rem;
+}
+
+pre > .result {
+    margin-block-start: 10px;
+}
+
+/* Search */
+
+#searchresults a {
+    text-decoration: none;
+}
+
+mark {
+    border-radius: 2px;
+    padding-block-start: 0;
+    padding-block-end: 1px;
+    padding-inline-start: 3px;
+    padding-inline-end: 3px;
+    margin-block-start: 0;
+    margin-block-end: -1px;
+    margin-inline-start: -3px;
+    margin-inline-end: -3px;
+    background-color: var(--search-mark-bg);
+    transition: background-color 300ms linear;
+    cursor: pointer;
+}
+
+mark.fade-out {
+    background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0) !important;
+    cursor: auto;
+}
+
+.searchbar-outer {
+    margin-inline-start: auto;
+    margin-inline-end: auto;
+    max-width: var(--content-max-width);
+}
+
+#searchbar {
+    width: 100%;
+    margin-block-start: 5px;
+    margin-block-end: 0;
+    margin-inline-start: auto;
+    margin-inline-end: auto;
+    padding: 10px 16px;
+    transition: box-shadow 300ms ease-in-out;
+    border: 1px solid var(--searchbar-border-color);
+    border-radius: 3px;
+    background-color: var(--searchbar-bg);
+    color: var(--searchbar-fg);
+}
+#searchbar:focus,
+#searchbar.active {
+    box-shadow: 0 0 3px var(--searchbar-shadow-color);
+}
+
+.searchresults-header {
+    font-weight: bold;
+    font-size: 1em;
+    padding-block-start: 18px;
+    padding-block-end: 0;
+    padding-inline-start: 5px;
+    padding-inline-end: 0;
+    color: var(--searchresults-header-fg);
+}
+
+.searchresults-outer {
+    margin-inline-start: auto;
+    margin-inline-end: auto;
+    max-width: var(--content-max-width);
+    border-block-end: 1px dashed var(--searchresults-border-color);
+}
+
+ul#searchresults {
+    list-style: none;
+    padding-inline-start: 20px;
+}
+ul#searchresults li {
+    margin: 10px 0px;
+    padding: 2px;
+    border-radius: 2px;
+}
+ul#searchresults li.focus {
+    background-color: var(--searchresults-li-bg);
+}
+ul#searchresults span.teaser {
+    display: block;
+    clear: both;
+    margin-block-start: 5px;
+    margin-block-end: 0;
+    margin-inline-start: 20px;
+    margin-inline-end: 0;
+    font-size: 0.8em;
+}
+ul#searchresults span.teaser em {
+    font-weight: bold;
+    font-style: normal;
+}
+
+/* Sidebar */
+
+.sidebar {
+    position: fixed;
+    left: 0;
+    top: 0;
+    bottom: 0;
+    width: var(--sidebar-width);
+    font-size: 0.875em;
+    box-sizing: border-box;
+    -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
+    overscroll-behavior-y: contain;
+    background-color: var(--sidebar-bg);
+    color: var(--sidebar-fg);
+}
+.sidebar-iframe-inner {
+    --padding: 10px;
+
+    background-color: var(--sidebar-bg);
+    padding: var(--padding);
+    margin: 0;
+    font-size: 1.4rem;
+    color: var(--sidebar-fg);
+    min-height: calc(100vh - var(--padding) * 2);
+}
+.sidebar-iframe-outer {
+    border: none;
+    height: 100%;
+    position: absolute;
+    top: 0;
+    bottom: 0;
+    left: 0;
+    right: 0;
+}
+[dir=rtl] .sidebar { left: unset; right: 0; }
+.sidebar-resizing {
+    -moz-user-select: none;
+    -webkit-user-select: none;
+    -ms-user-select: none;
+    user-select: none;
+}
+html:not(.sidebar-resizing) .sidebar {
+    transition: transform 0.3s; /* Animation: slide away */
+}
+.sidebar code {
+    line-height: 2em;
+}
+.sidebar .sidebar-scrollbox {
+    overflow-y: auto;
+    position: absolute;
+    top: 0;
+    bottom: 0;
+    left: 0;
+    right: 0;
+    padding: 10px 10px;
+}
+.sidebar .sidebar-resize-handle {
+    position: absolute;
+    cursor: col-resize;
+    width: 0;
+    right: calc(var(--sidebar-resize-indicator-width) * -1);
+    top: 0;
+    bottom: 0;
+    display: flex;
+    align-items: center;
+}
+
+.sidebar-resize-handle .sidebar-resize-indicator {
+    width: 100%;
+    height: 16px;
+    color: var(--icons);
+    margin-inline-start: var(--sidebar-resize-indicator-space);
+	display: flex;
+	align-items: center;
+	justify-content: flex-start;
+}
+.sidebar-resize-handle .sidebar-resize-indicator::before {
+    content: "";
+    width: 2px;
+    height: 12px;
+    border-left: dotted 2px currentColor;
+}
+.sidebar-resize-handle .sidebar-resize-indicator::after {
+    content: "";
+    width: 2px;
+    height: 16px;
+    border-left: dotted 2px currentColor;
+}
+
+[dir=rtl] .sidebar .sidebar-resize-handle {
+    left: calc(var(--sidebar-resize-indicator-width) * -1);
+    right: unset;
+}
+.js .sidebar .sidebar-resize-handle {
+    cursor: col-resize;
+    width: calc(var(--sidebar-resize-indicator-width) - var(--sidebar-resize-indicator-space));
+}
+/* sidebar-hidden */
+#sidebar-toggle-anchor:not(:checked) ~ .sidebar {
+    transform: translateX(calc(0px - var(--sidebar-width) - var(--sidebar-resize-indicator-width)));
+    z-index: -1;
+}
+[dir=rtl] #sidebar-toggle-anchor:not(:checked) ~ .sidebar {
+    transform: translateX(calc(var(--sidebar-width) + var(--sidebar-resize-indicator-width)));
+}
+.sidebar::-webkit-scrollbar {
+    background: var(--sidebar-bg);
+}
+.sidebar::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb {
+    background: var(--scrollbar);
+}
+
+/* sidebar-visible */
+#sidebar-toggle-anchor:checked ~ .page-wrapper {
+    transform: translateX(calc(var(--sidebar-width) + var(--sidebar-resize-indicator-width)));
+}
+[dir=rtl] #sidebar-toggle-anchor:checked ~ .page-wrapper {
+    transform: translateX(calc(0px - var(--sidebar-width) - var(--sidebar-resize-indicator-width)));
+}
+@media only screen and (min-width: 620px) {
+    #sidebar-toggle-anchor:checked ~ .page-wrapper {
+        transform: none;
+        margin-inline-start: calc(var(--sidebar-width) + var(--sidebar-resize-indicator-width));
+    }
+    [dir=rtl] #sidebar-toggle-anchor:checked ~ .page-wrapper {
+        transform: none;
+    }
+}
+
+.chapter {
+    list-style: none outside none;
+    padding-inline-start: 0;
+    line-height: 2.2em;
+}
+
+.chapter ol {
+    width: 100%;
+}
+
+.chapter li {
+    display: flex;
+    color: var(--sidebar-non-existant);
+}
+.chapter li a {
+    display: block;
+    padding: 0;
+    text-decoration: none;
+    color: var(--sidebar-fg);
+}
+
+.chapter li a:hover {
+    color: var(--sidebar-active);
+}
+
+.chapter li a.active {
+    color: var(--sidebar-active);
+}
+
+.chapter li > a.toggle {
+    cursor: pointer;
+    display: block;
+    margin-inline-start: auto;
+    padding: 0 10px;
+    user-select: none;
+    opacity: 0.68;
+}
+
+.chapter li > a.toggle div {
+    transition: transform 0.5s;
+}
+
+/* collapse the section */
+.chapter li:not(.expanded) + li > ol {
+    display: none;
+}
+
+.chapter li.chapter-item {
+    line-height: 1.5em;
+    margin-block-start: 0.6em;
+}
+
+.chapter li.expanded > a.toggle div {
+    transform: rotate(90deg);
+}
+
+.spacer {
+    width: 100%;
+    height: 3px;
+    margin: 5px 0px;
+}
+.chapter .spacer {
+    background-color: var(--sidebar-spacer);
+}
+
+@media (-moz-touch-enabled: 1), (pointer: coarse) {
+    .chapter li a { padding: 5px 0; }
+    .spacer { margin: 10px 0; }
+}
+
+.section {
+    list-style: none outside none;
+    padding-inline-start: 20px;
+    line-height: 1.9em;
+}
+
+/* Theme Menu Popup */
+
+.theme-popup {
+    position: absolute;
+    left: 10px;
+    top: var(--menu-bar-height);
+    z-index: 1000;
+    border-radius: 4px;
+    font-size: 0.7em;
+    color: var(--fg);
+    background: var(--theme-popup-bg);
+    border: 1px solid var(--theme-popup-border);
+    margin: 0;
+    padding: 0;
+    list-style: none;
+    display: none;
+    /* Don't let the children's background extend past the rounded corners. */
+    overflow: hidden;
+}
+[dir=rtl] .theme-popup { left: unset;  right: 10px; }
+.theme-popup .default {
+    color: var(--icons);
+}
+.theme-popup .theme {
+    width: 100%;
+    border: 0;
+    margin: 0;
+    padding: 2px 20px;
+    line-height: 25px;
+    white-space: nowrap;
+    text-align: start;
+    cursor: pointer;
+    color: inherit;
+    background: inherit;
+    font-size: inherit;
+}
+.theme-popup .theme:hover {
+    background-color: var(--theme-hover);
+}
+
+.theme-selected::before {
+    display: inline-block;
+    content: "✓";
+    margin-inline-start: -14px;
+    width: 14px;
+}
+
+/* The container for the help popup that covers the whole window. */
+#mdbook-help-container {
+    /* Position and size for the whole window. */
+    position: fixed;
+    top: 0;
+    left: 0;
+    right: 0;
+    bottom: 0;
+    /* This uses flex layout (which is set in book.js), and centers the popup
+       in the window.*/
+    display: none;
+    align-items: center;
+    justify-content: center;
+    z-index: 1000;
+    /* Dim out the book while the popup is visible. */
+    background: var(--overlay-bg);
+}
+
+/* The popup help box. */
+#mdbook-help-popup {
+    box-shadow: 0 4px 24px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);
+    min-width: 300px;
+    max-width: 500px;
+    width: 100%;
+    box-sizing: border-box;
+    display: flex;
+    flex-direction: column;
+    align-items: center;
+    background-color: var(--bg);
+    color: var(--fg);
+    border-width: 1px;
+    border-color: var(--theme-popup-border);
+    border-style: solid;
+    border-radius: 8px;
+    padding: 10px;
+}
+
+.mdbook-help-title {
+    text-align: center;
+    /* mdbook's margin for h2 is way too large. */
+    margin: 10px;
+}