Masami Hiramatsu (Google) ecfad17122 decode_stacktrace: decode caller address
Decode the caller address instead of the return address by default.  This
also introduced -R option to provide return address decoding mode.

This changes the decode_stacktrace.sh to decode the line info 1byte before
the return address which will be the call(branch) instruction address.  If
the return address is a symbol address (zero offset from it), it falls
back to decoding the return address.

This improves results especially when optimizations have changed the order
of the lines around the return address, or when the return address does
not have the actual line information.

With this change;
 Call Trace:
  <TASK>
  dump_stack_lvl (lib/dump_stack.c:94 lib/dump_stack.c:120)
  lockdep_rcu_suspicious (kernel/locking/lockdep.c:6876)
  event_filter_pid_sched_process_fork (kernel/trace/trace_events.c:1057)
  kernel_clone (include/trace/events/sched.h:396 include/trace/events/sched.h:396 kernel/fork.c:2664)
  __x64_sys_clone (kernel/fork.c:2795 kernel/fork.c:2779 kernel/fork.c:2779)
  do_syscall_64 (arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94)
  ? entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe (arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:121)
  ? trace_irq_disable (include/trace/events/preemptirq.h:36)
  entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe (arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:121)

Without this (or give -R option);
 Call Trace:
  <TASK>
  dump_stack_lvl (lib/dump_stack.c:122)
  lockdep_rcu_suspicious (kernel/locking/lockdep.c:6877)
  event_filter_pid_sched_process_fork (kernel/trace/trace_events.c:?)
  kernel_clone (include/trace/events/sched.h:? include/trace/events/sched.h:396 kernel/fork.c:2664)
  __x64_sys_clone (kernel/fork.c:2779)
  do_syscall_64 (arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:?)
  ? entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe (arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:130)
  ? trace_irq_disable (include/trace/events/preemptirq.h:36)
  entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe (arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:130)

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix spello]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/177275821652.1557019.18367881408364381866.stgit@mhiramat.tok.corp.google.com
Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Matthieu Baerts (NGI0) <matttbe@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Luca Ceresoli <luca.ceresoli@bootlin.com>	[arm64]
Cc: Carlos Llamas <cmllamas@google.com>
Cc: Sasha Levin (Microsoft) <sashal@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-03-27 21:19:45 -07:00
2026-01-26 19:07:09 -08:00
2022-09-28 09:02:20 +02:00
2025-02-19 14:53:27 -07:00
2026-03-22 14:42:17 -07:00

Linux kernel
============

The Linux kernel is the core of any Linux operating system. It manages hardware,
system resources, and provides the fundamental services for all other software.

Quick Start
-----------

* Report a bug: See Documentation/admin-guide/reporting-issues.rst
* Get the latest kernel: https://kernel.org
* Build the kernel: See Documentation/admin-guide/quickly-build-trimmed-linux.rst
* Join the community: https://lore.kernel.org/

Essential Documentation
-----------------------

All users should be familiar with:

* Building requirements: Documentation/process/changes.rst
* Code of Conduct: Documentation/process/code-of-conduct.rst
* License: See COPYING

Documentation can be built with make htmldocs or viewed online at:
https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/


Who Are You?
============

Find your role below:

* New Kernel Developer - Getting started with kernel development
* Academic Researcher - Studying kernel internals and architecture
* Security Expert - Hardening and vulnerability analysis
* Backport/Maintenance Engineer - Maintaining stable kernels
* System Administrator - Configuring and troubleshooting
* Maintainer - Leading subsystems and reviewing patches
* Hardware Vendor - Writing drivers for new hardware
* Distribution Maintainer - Packaging kernels for distros
* AI Coding Assistant - LLMs and AI-powered development tools


For Specific Users
==================

New Kernel Developer
--------------------

Welcome! Start your kernel development journey here:

* Getting Started: Documentation/process/development-process.rst
* Your First Patch: Documentation/process/submitting-patches.rst
* Coding Style: Documentation/process/coding-style.rst
* Build System: Documentation/kbuild/index.rst
* Development Tools: Documentation/dev-tools/index.rst
* Kernel Hacking Guide: Documentation/kernel-hacking/hacking.rst
* Core APIs: Documentation/core-api/index.rst

Academic Researcher
-------------------

Explore the kernel's architecture and internals:

* Researcher Guidelines: Documentation/process/researcher-guidelines.rst
* Memory Management: Documentation/mm/index.rst
* Scheduler: Documentation/scheduler/index.rst
* Networking Stack: Documentation/networking/index.rst
* Filesystems: Documentation/filesystems/index.rst
* RCU (Read-Copy Update): Documentation/RCU/index.rst
* Locking Primitives: Documentation/locking/index.rst
* Power Management: Documentation/power/index.rst

Security Expert
---------------

Security documentation and hardening guides:

* Security Documentation: Documentation/security/index.rst
* LSM Development: Documentation/security/lsm-development.rst
* Self Protection: Documentation/security/self-protection.rst
* Reporting Vulnerabilities: Documentation/process/security-bugs.rst
* CVE Procedures: Documentation/process/cve.rst
* Embargoed Hardware Issues: Documentation/process/embargoed-hardware-issues.rst
* Security Features: Documentation/userspace-api/seccomp_filter.rst

Backport/Maintenance Engineer
-----------------------------

Maintain and stabilize kernel versions:

* Stable Kernel Rules: Documentation/process/stable-kernel-rules.rst
* Backporting Guide: Documentation/process/backporting.rst
* Applying Patches: Documentation/process/applying-patches.rst
* Subsystem Profile: Documentation/maintainer/maintainer-entry-profile.rst
* Git for Maintainers: Documentation/maintainer/configure-git.rst

System Administrator
--------------------

Configure, tune, and troubleshoot Linux systems:

* Admin Guide: Documentation/admin-guide/index.rst
* Kernel Parameters: Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.rst
* Sysctl Tuning: Documentation/admin-guide/sysctl/index.rst
* Tracing/Debugging: Documentation/trace/index.rst
* Performance Security: Documentation/admin-guide/perf-security.rst
* Hardware Monitoring: Documentation/hwmon/index.rst

Maintainer
----------

Lead kernel subsystems and manage contributions:

* Maintainer Handbook: Documentation/maintainer/index.rst
* Pull Requests: Documentation/maintainer/pull-requests.rst
* Managing Patches: Documentation/maintainer/modifying-patches.rst
* Rebasing and Merging: Documentation/maintainer/rebasing-and-merging.rst
* Development Process: Documentation/process/maintainer-handbooks.rst
* Maintainer Entry Profile: Documentation/maintainer/maintainer-entry-profile.rst
* Git Configuration: Documentation/maintainer/configure-git.rst

Hardware Vendor
---------------

Write drivers and support new hardware:

* Driver API Guide: Documentation/driver-api/index.rst
* Driver Model: Documentation/driver-api/driver-model/driver.rst
* Device Drivers: Documentation/driver-api/infrastructure.rst
* Bus Types: Documentation/driver-api/driver-model/bus.rst
* Device Tree Bindings: Documentation/devicetree/bindings/
* Power Management: Documentation/driver-api/pm/index.rst
* DMA API: Documentation/core-api/dma-api.rst

Distribution Maintainer
-----------------------

Package and distribute the kernel:

* Stable Kernel Rules: Documentation/process/stable-kernel-rules.rst
* ABI Documentation: Documentation/ABI/README
* Kernel Configuration: Documentation/kbuild/kconfig.rst
* Module Signing: Documentation/admin-guide/module-signing.rst
* Kernel Parameters: Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.rst
* Tainted Kernels: Documentation/admin-guide/tainted-kernels.rst

AI Coding Assistant
-------------------

CRITICAL: If you are an LLM or AI-powered coding assistant, you MUST read and
follow the AI coding assistants documentation before contributing to the Linux
kernel:

* Documentation/process/coding-assistants.rst

This documentation contains essential requirements about licensing, attribution,
and the Developer Certificate of Origin that all AI tools must comply with.


Communication and Support
=========================

* Mailing Lists: https://lore.kernel.org/
* IRC: #kernelnewbies on irc.oftc.net
* Bugzilla: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/
* MAINTAINERS file: Lists subsystem maintainers and mailing lists
* Email Clients: Documentation/process/email-clients.rst
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