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The xfstests' test-case generic/642 finishes with corrupted HFS+ volume: sudo ./check generic/642 [sudo] password for slavad: FSTYP -- hfsplus PLATFORM -- Linux/x86_64 hfsplus-testing-0001 7.0.0-rc1+ #26 SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Mon Mar 23 17:24:32 PDT 2026 MKFS_OPTIONS -- /dev/loop51 MOUNT_OPTIONS -- /dev/loop51 /mnt/scratch generic/642 6s ... _check_generic_filesystem: filesystem on /dev/loop51 is inconsistent (see xfstests-dev/results//generic/642.full for details) Ran: generic/642 Failures: generic/642 Failed 1 of 1 tests sudo fsck.hfs -d /dev/loop51 ** /dev/loop51 Using cacheBlockSize=32K cacheTotalBlock=1024 cacheSize=32768K. Executing fsck_hfs (version 540.1-Linux). ** Checking non-journaled HFS Plus Volume. The volume name is untitled ** Checking extents overflow file. ** Checking catalog file. ** Checking multi-linked files. ** Checking catalog hierarchy. ** Checking extended attributes file. invalid free nodes - calculated 1637 header 1260 Invalid B-tree header Invalid map node (8, 0) ** Checking volume bitmap. ** Checking volume information. Verify Status: VIStat = 0x0000, ABTStat = 0xc000 EBTStat = 0x0000 CBTStat = 0x0000 CatStat = 0x00000000 ** Repairing volume. ** Rechecking volume. ** Checking non-journaled HFS Plus Volume. The volume name is untitled ** Checking extents overflow file. ** Checking catalog file. ** Checking multi-linked files. ** Checking catalog hierarchy. ** Checking extended attributes file. ** Checking volume bitmap. ** Checking volume information. ** The volume untitled was repaired successfully. The fsck tool detected that Extended Attributes b-tree is corrupted. Namely, the free nodes number is incorrect and map node bitmap has inconsistent state. Analysis has shown that during b-tree closing there are still some lost b-tree's nodes in the hash out of b-tree structure. But this orphaned b-tree nodes are still accounted as used in map node bitmap: tree_cnid 8, nidx 0, node_count 1408, free_nodes 1403 tree_cnid 8, nidx 1, node_count 1408, free_nodes 1403 tree_cnid 8, nidx 3, node_count 1408, free_nodes 1403 tree_cnid 8, nidx 54, node_count 1408, free_nodes 1403 tree_cnid 8, nidx 67, node_count 1408, free_nodes 1403 tree_cnid 8, nidx 0, prev 0, next 0, parent 0, num_recs 3, type 0x1, height 0 tree_cnid 8, nidx 1, prev 0, next 0, parent 3, num_recs 1, type 0xff, height 1 tree_cnid 8, nidx 3, prev 0, next 0, parent 0, num_recs 1, type 0x0, height 2 tree_cnid 8, nidx 54, prev 29, next 46, parent 3, num_recs 0, type 0xff, height 1 tree_cnid 8, nidx 67, prev 8, next 14, parent 3, num_recs 0, type 0xff, height 1 This issue happens in hfs_bnode_split() logic during detection the possibility of moving half ot the records out of the node. The hfs_bnode_split() contains a loop that implements a roughly 50/50 split of the B-tree node's records by scanning the offset table to find where the data crosses the node's midpoint. If this logic detects the incapability of spliting the node, then it simply calls hfs_bnode_put() for newly created node. However, node is not set as HFS_BNODE_DELETED and real deletion of node doesn't happen. As a result, the empty node becomes orphaned but it is still accounted as used. Finally, fsck tool detects this inconsistency of HFS+ volume. This patch adds call of hfs_bnode_unlink() before hfs_bnode_put() for the case if new node cannot be used for spliting the existing node. sudo ./check generic/642 FSTYP -- hfsplus PLATFORM -- Linux/x86_64 hfsplus-testing-0001 7.0.0-rc1+ #26 SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Fri Apr 3 12:39:13 PDT 2026 MKFS_OPTIONS -- /dev/loop51 MOUNT_OPTIONS -- /dev/loop51 /mnt/scratch generic/642 40s ... 39s Ran: generic/642 Passed all 1 tests Closes: https://github.com/hfs-linux-kernel/hfs-linux-kernel/issues/242 cc: John Paul Adrian Glaubitz <glaubitz@physik.fu-berlin.de> cc: Yangtao Li <frank.li@vivo.com> cc: linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Viacheslav Dubeyko <slava@dubeyko.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260403230556.614171-6-slava@dubeyko.com Signed-off-by: Viacheslav Dubeyko <slava@dubeyko.com>
Linux kernel ============ The Linux kernel is the core of any Linux operating system. It manages hardware, system resources, and provides the fundamental services for all other software. Quick Start ----------- * Report a bug: See Documentation/admin-guide/reporting-issues.rst * Get the latest kernel: https://kernel.org * Build the kernel: See Documentation/admin-guide/quickly-build-trimmed-linux.rst * Join the community: https://lore.kernel.org/ Essential Documentation ----------------------- All users should be familiar with: * Building requirements: Documentation/process/changes.rst * Code of Conduct: Documentation/process/code-of-conduct.rst * License: See COPYING Documentation can be built with make htmldocs or viewed online at: https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/ Who Are You? ============ Find your role below: * New Kernel Developer - Getting started with kernel development * Academic Researcher - Studying kernel internals and architecture * Security Expert - Hardening and vulnerability analysis * Backport/Maintenance Engineer - Maintaining stable kernels * System Administrator - Configuring and troubleshooting * Maintainer - Leading subsystems and reviewing patches * Hardware Vendor - Writing drivers for new hardware * Distribution Maintainer - Packaging kernels for distros * AI Coding Assistant - LLMs and AI-powered development tools For Specific Users ================== New Kernel Developer -------------------- Welcome! Start your kernel development journey here: * Getting Started: Documentation/process/development-process.rst * Your First Patch: Documentation/process/submitting-patches.rst * Coding Style: Documentation/process/coding-style.rst * Build System: Documentation/kbuild/index.rst * Development Tools: Documentation/dev-tools/index.rst * Kernel Hacking Guide: Documentation/kernel-hacking/hacking.rst * Core APIs: Documentation/core-api/index.rst Academic Researcher ------------------- Explore the kernel's architecture and internals: * Researcher Guidelines: Documentation/process/researcher-guidelines.rst * Memory Management: Documentation/mm/index.rst * Scheduler: Documentation/scheduler/index.rst * Networking Stack: Documentation/networking/index.rst * Filesystems: Documentation/filesystems/index.rst * RCU (Read-Copy Update): Documentation/RCU/index.rst * Locking Primitives: Documentation/locking/index.rst * Power Management: Documentation/power/index.rst Security Expert --------------- Security documentation and hardening guides: * Security Documentation: Documentation/security/index.rst * LSM Development: Documentation/security/lsm-development.rst * Self Protection: Documentation/security/self-protection.rst * Reporting Vulnerabilities: Documentation/process/security-bugs.rst * CVE Procedures: Documentation/process/cve.rst * Embargoed Hardware Issues: Documentation/process/embargoed-hardware-issues.rst * Security Features: Documentation/userspace-api/seccomp_filter.rst Backport/Maintenance Engineer ----------------------------- Maintain and stabilize kernel versions: * Stable Kernel Rules: Documentation/process/stable-kernel-rules.rst * Backporting Guide: Documentation/process/backporting.rst * Applying Patches: Documentation/process/applying-patches.rst * Subsystem Profile: Documentation/maintainer/maintainer-entry-profile.rst * Git for Maintainers: Documentation/maintainer/configure-git.rst System Administrator -------------------- Configure, tune, and troubleshoot Linux systems: * Admin Guide: Documentation/admin-guide/index.rst * Kernel Parameters: Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.rst * Sysctl Tuning: Documentation/admin-guide/sysctl/index.rst * Tracing/Debugging: Documentation/trace/index.rst * Performance Security: Documentation/admin-guide/perf-security.rst * Hardware Monitoring: Documentation/hwmon/index.rst Maintainer ---------- Lead kernel subsystems and manage contributions: * Maintainer Handbook: Documentation/maintainer/index.rst * Pull Requests: Documentation/maintainer/pull-requests.rst * Managing Patches: Documentation/maintainer/modifying-patches.rst * Rebasing and Merging: Documentation/maintainer/rebasing-and-merging.rst * Development Process: Documentation/process/maintainer-handbooks.rst * Maintainer Entry Profile: Documentation/maintainer/maintainer-entry-profile.rst * Git Configuration: Documentation/maintainer/configure-git.rst Hardware Vendor --------------- Write drivers and support new hardware: * Driver API Guide: Documentation/driver-api/index.rst * Driver Model: Documentation/driver-api/driver-model/driver.rst * Device Drivers: Documentation/driver-api/infrastructure.rst * Bus Types: Documentation/driver-api/driver-model/bus.rst * Device Tree Bindings: Documentation/devicetree/bindings/ * Power Management: Documentation/driver-api/pm/index.rst * DMA API: Documentation/core-api/dma-api.rst Distribution Maintainer ----------------------- Package and distribute the kernel: * Stable Kernel Rules: Documentation/process/stable-kernel-rules.rst * ABI Documentation: Documentation/ABI/README * Kernel Configuration: Documentation/kbuild/kconfig.rst * Module Signing: Documentation/admin-guide/module-signing.rst * Kernel Parameters: Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.rst * Tainted Kernels: Documentation/admin-guide/tainted-kernels.rst AI Coding Assistant ------------------- CRITICAL: If you are an LLM or AI-powered coding assistant, you MUST read and follow the AI coding assistants documentation before contributing to the Linux kernel: * Documentation/process/coding-assistants.rst This documentation contains essential requirements about licensing, attribution, and the Developer Certificate of Origin that all AI tools must comply with. Communication and Support ========================= * Mailing Lists: https://lore.kernel.org/ * IRC: #kernelnewbies on irc.oftc.net * Bugzilla: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/ * MAINTAINERS file: Lists subsystem maintainers and mailing lists * Email Clients: Documentation/process/email-clients.rst