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The standard puts() function always emits the trailing LF which makes it unconvenient for small string concatenation. fputs() ought to be used instead but it requires a FILE*. This adds 3 dummy FILE* values (stdin, stdout, stderr) which are in fact pointers to struct FILE of one byte. We reserve 3 pointer values for them, -3, -2 and -1, so that they are ordered, easing the tests and mapping to integer. >From this, fgetc(), fputc(), fgets() and fputs() were implemented, and the previous putchar() and getchar() now remap to these. The standard getc() and putc() macros were also implemented as pointing to these ones. There is absolutely no buffering, fgetc() and fgets() read one byte at a time, fputc() writes one byte at a time, and only fputs() which knows the string's length writes all of it at once. Signed-off-by: Willy Tarreau <w@1wt.eu> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Linux kernel
============
There are several guides for kernel developers and users. These guides can
be rendered in a number of formats, like HTML and PDF. Please read
Documentation/admin-guide/README.rst first.
In order to build the documentation, use ``make htmldocs`` or
``make pdfdocs``. The formatted documentation can also be read online at:
https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/
There are various text files in the Documentation/ subdirectory,
several of them using the Restructured Text markup notation.
Please read the Documentation/process/changes.rst file, as it contains the
requirements for building and running the kernel, and information about
the problems which may result by upgrading your kernel.
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