The power on function is the first entry to power on hardware including
all MAC/BB/RF circuits, and then it becomes possible to do high level
operations, such as WiFi scan, connection.
If connection becomes unavailable, device stays into idle mode, calling
power off function to cut power.
Signed-off-by: Ping-Ke Shih <pkshih@realtek.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260324062049.52266-3-pkshih@realtek.com
The quota is used to configure memory size for TX/RX, and the definition
of registers includes H2C command, C2H event, WoWLAN reason, IMR of CMAC
and DMAC, ACK rate selector, RF kill GPIO, and BB functions of dynamic
initial gain and EDCCA. The layout of efuse block is to define logic
map of efuse, such as MAC address and RF calibration values.
Signed-off-by: Ping-Ke Shih <pkshih@realtek.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260324062049.52266-2-pkshih@realtek.com
The reported RX rate might be unexpected, causing kernel warns:
Rate marked as a VHT rate but data is invalid: MCS: 0, NSS: 0
WARNING: net/mac80211/rx.c:5491 at ieee80211_rx_list+0x183/0x1020 [mac80211]
As the RX rate can be index of an array under certain conditions, validate
it to prevent accessing array out-of-bound potentially.
Tested on HP Notebook P3S95EA#ACB (kernel 6.19.9-1-cachyos):
- No WARNING: net/mac80211/rx.c:5491 observed after the v2 patch.
The unexpected `NSS: 0, MCS: 0` VHT rate warnings are successfully
mitigated.
- The system remains fully stable through prolonged idle periods,
high network load, active Bluetooth A2DP usage, and multiple deep
suspend/resume cycles.
- Zero h2c timeouts or firmware lps state errors observed in dmesg.
Reported-by: Oleksandr Havrylov <goainwo@gmail.com>
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-wireless/CALdGYqSMUPnPfW-_q1RgYr0_SjoXUejAaJJr-o+jpwCk1S7ndQ@mail.gmail.com/
Tested-by: Oleksandr Havrylov <goainwo@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ping-Ke Shih <pkshih@realtek.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260324011001.5742-1-pkshih@realtek.com
In the rtw89_phy_cfo_set_crystal_cap() function, for chips other than
RTL8852A/RTL8851B, the values read by rtw89_mac_read_xtal_si() are
stored into the local variables sc_xi_val and sc_xo_val. If either
read fails, these variables remain uninitialized, they are later
used to update cfo->crystal_cap and in debug print statements. This
can lead to undefined behavior.
Fix the issue by initializing sc_xi_val and sc_xo_val to zero,
like is implemented in vendor driver.
Found by Linux Verification Center (linuxtesting.org) with SVACE.
Fixes: 8379fa6115 ("rtw89: 8852c: add write/read crystal function in CFO tracking")
Signed-off-by: Alexey Velichayshiy <a.velichayshiy@ispras.ru>
Acked-by: Ping-Ke Shih <pkshih@realtek.com>
Signed-off-by: Ping-Ke Shih <pkshih@realtek.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260323140613.1615574-1-a.velichayshiy@ispras.ru
On Radxa Rock 5B with a RTL8852BE combo WiFi/BT card, the efuse
physical map dump intermittently fails with -EBUSY during probe.
The failure occurs in rtw89_dump_physical_efuse_map_ddv() where
read_poll_timeout_atomic() times out waiting for the B_AX_EF_RDY
bit after 1 second.
The root cause is a timing race during boot: the WiFi driver's
chip initialization (firmware download via PCIe) overlaps with
Bluetooth firmware download to the same combo chip via USB. This
can leave the efuse controller temporarily unavailable when the
WiFi driver attempts to read the efuse map.
The firmware download path retries up to 5 times, but the efuse
read that follows has no similar logic. Address this by adding
retry loop logic (also up to 5 attempts) around physical efuse
map dump.
Signed-off-by: Christian Hewitt <christianshewitt@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ping-Ke Shih <pkshih@realtek.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260317112155.1939569-1-christianshewitt@gmail.com
When filling out the TX descriptor, Null data frames are treated like
management frames, but QOS Null data frames are treated like normal
data frames. Somehow this causes a problem for the firmware.
When connected to a network in the 2.4 GHz band, wpa_supplicant (or
NetworkManager?) triggers a scan every five minutes. During these scans
mac80211 transmits many QOS Null frames in quick succession. Because
these frames are marked with IEEE80211_TX_CTL_REQ_TX_STATUS, rtw88
asks the firmware to report the TX ACK status for each of these frames.
Sometimes the firmware can't process the TX status requests quickly
enough, they add up, it only processes some of them, and then marks
every subsequent TX status report with the wrong number.
The symptom is that after a while the warning "failed to get tx report
from firmware" appears every five minutes.
This problem apparently happens only with the older RTL8723D, RTL8821A,
RTL8812A, and probably RTL8703B chips.
Treat QOS Null data frames the same way as Null data frames. This seems
to avoid the problem.
Tested with RTL8821AU, RTL8723DU, RTL8811CU, and RTL8812BU.
Signed-off-by: Bitterblue Smith <rtl8821cerfe2@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Ping-Ke Shih <pkshih@realtek.com>
Signed-off-by: Ping-Ke Shih <pkshih@realtek.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/2b53fb0d-b1ed-47b6-8caa-2bb9ae2acb80@gmail.com
On an HP laptop (P3S95EA#ACB) equipped with a Realtek RTL8821CE 802.11ac
PCIe adapter (PCI ID: 10ec:c821), the system experiences a hard lockup
(complete freeze of the UI and kernel, sysrq doesn't work, requires
holding the power button) when the WiFi adapter enters the power
saving state. Disable PCI ASPM to avoid system freeze.
In addition, driver throws messages periodically. Though this doesn't
always cause unstable connection, missing H2C commands might cause
unpredictable results. Disable deep LPS to avoid this as well.
rtw88_8821ce 0000:13:00.0: firmware failed to leave lps state
rtw88_8821ce 0000:13:00.0: failed to send h2c command
rtw88_8821ce 0000:13:00.0: failed to send h2c command
Tested on HP Notebook P3S95EA#ACB (kernel 6.19.7-1-cachyos):
- No hard freeze observed during idle or active usage.
- Zero h2c or lps errors in dmesg across idle (10 min),
load stress (100MB download), and suspend/resume cycle.
- Both quirk flags confirmed active via sysfs without any
manual modprobe parameters.
Reported-by: Oleksandr Havrylov <goainwo@gmail.com>
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-wireless/CALdGYqSQ1Ko2TTBhUizMu_FvLMUAuQfFrVwS10n_C-LSQJQQkQ@mail.gmail.com/
Signed-off-by: Ping-Ke Shih <pkshih@realtek.com>
Tested-by: Oleksandr Havrylov <goainwo@gmail.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260316035635.16550-1-pkshih@realtek.com
USB RX Aggregation is a performance optimization technique used
in USB network devices to increase throughput.
Instead of sending every received network packet to the host computer
individually, the device hardware groups multiple smaller packets
into a single, large USB Bulk Transfer.
* toAP/toNB use iperf3 respectively.
With Cisco BE6000 - iperf3 tcp 10 pair (to another NB)
[6G 160Mhz]:
RTL8832CU-USB3.0
before after
TX 941 941
RX 847 919
RTL8832CU-USB2.0
before after
TX 293 286
RX 342 356
[5G 80Mhz]:
RTL8832CU-USB3.0
before after
TX 864 877
RX 864 902
RTL8832CU-USB2.0
before after
TX 279 271
RX 327 349
RTL8851BU
before after
TX 115 114
RX 295 306
Signed-off-by: Shin-Yi Lin <isaiah@realtek.com>
Signed-off-by: Ping-Ke Shih <pkshih@realtek.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260312055724.12177-1-pkshih@realtek.com
Fix connection issue caused by AMPDU frames with abnormal PN patterns
(out-of-order packets with correct MPDU sequence numbers but paired
with abnormal PN values, which is next PN of previous in-order packet).
This is causing packet drops, low throughput and disconnections. It is
observed in fields with some specific AP firmwares. Do this workaround for
better interoperability since some APs could never receive a proper FW
update.
Signed-off-by: Po-Hao Huang <phhuang@realtek.com>
Signed-off-by: Ping-Ke Shih <pkshih@realtek.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260310080146.31113-12-pkshih@realtek.com
Since MLD vif can do MLSR switch, it may not always run on HW band 0.
But when preparing MCC for MLD + P2P, P2P vif needs to use HW band 0
to handle connection, i.e. uses of HW bands may be different by vif.
The current major role/vif can be indicated through entity mode. So,
based on it, recalculate MLO DBCC mode to change use of HW band.
Signed-off-by: Zong-Zhe Yang <kevin_yang@realtek.com>
Signed-off-by: Ping-Ke Shih <pkshih@realtek.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260310080146.31113-9-pkshih@realtek.com
The support_mlo flag depends on FW features, so it's determined at runtime.
Since Wi-Fi 7 chip now needs to initialize second HW band, if support_mlo
is not allowed, second HW band might act without settings of TX power and
channel. So, set that for Wi-Fi 7 chip.
Signed-off-by: Zong-Zhe Yang <kevin_yang@realtek.com>
Signed-off-by: Ping-Ke Shih <pkshih@realtek.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260310080146.31113-7-pkshih@realtek.com
Some dynamic mechanism (DM) may need to be disabled during some normal
processes rather than debugging. For example, should not do MLSR switch
during SCAN/ROC or even MCC. So, move the disabling DM functions to core
for impending uses.
No logic changes.
Signed-off-by: Zong-Zhe Yang <kevin_yang@realtek.com>
Signed-off-by: Ping-Ke Shih <pkshih@realtek.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260310080146.31113-6-pkshih@realtek.com
When RA (Rate Adaptive) does try higher rate, a TRY bit is flagged, and
hardware will reference registers configured by this patch as maximum
number of AMPDU. To prevent aggregate too many MPDU over peer's capability
causing loss in peer side, set the minimum values across all stations and
TID since there is single one register per hardware band. Consider MLD
case, a BA session can run across two hardware bands, so set the same
value as well.
Signed-off-by: Ping-Ke Shih <pkshih@realtek.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260310080146.31113-5-pkshih@realtek.com
Driver core holds a reference to the USB interface and its parent USB
device while the interface is bound to a driver and there is no need to
take additional references unless the structures are needed after
disconnect.
Drop the redundant device reference to reduce cargo culting, make it
easier to spot drivers where an extra reference is needed, and reduce
the risk of memory leaks when drivers fail to release it.
Signed-off-by: Johan Hovold <johan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Ping-Ke Shih <pkshih@realtek.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260309083336.16397-1-johan@kernel.org
Driver core holds a reference to the USB interface and its parent USB
device while the interface is bound to a driver and there is no need to
take additional references unless the structures are needed after
disconnect.
Drop the redundant device reference to reduce cargo culting, make it
easier to spot drivers where an extra reference is needed, and reduce
the risk of memory leaks when drivers fail to release it.
Signed-off-by: Johan Hovold <johan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Ping-Ke Shih <pkshih@realtek.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260306093206.21081-1-johan@kernel.org
Driver core holds a reference to the USB interface and its parent USB
device while the interface is bound to a driver and there is no need to
take additional references unless the structures are needed after
disconnect.
Drop the redundant device reference to reduce cargo culting, make it
easier to spot drivers where an extra reference is needed, and reduce
the risk of memory leaks when drivers fail to release it.
Signed-off-by: Johan Hovold <johan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Ping-Ke Shih <pkshih@realtek.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260306085144.12064-18-johan@kernel.org
Driver core holds a reference to the USB interface and its parent USB
device while the interface is bound to a driver and there is no need to
take additional references unless the structures are needed after
disconnect.
Drop the redundant device reference to reduce cargo culting, make it
easier to spot drivers where an extra reference is needed, and reduce
the risk of memory leaks when drivers fail to release it.
Signed-off-by: Johan Hovold <johan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Ping-Ke Shih <pkshih@realtek.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260306085144.12064-17-johan@kernel.org
The local variables 'mcs' and 'nss' in rtl8xxxu_update_ra_report() are
passed to rtl8xxxu_desc_to_mcsrate() as output parameters. If the helper
function encounters an unhandled rate index, it may return without setting
these values, leading to the use of uninitialized stack data.
Remove the helper rtl8xxxu_desc_to_mcsrate() and inline the logic into
rtl8xxxu_update_ra_report(). This fixes the use of uninitialized 'mcs'
and 'nss' variables for legacy rates.
The new implementation explicitly handles:
- Legacy rates: Set bitrate only.
- HT rates (MCS0-15): Set MCS flags, index, and NSS (1 or 2) directly.
- Invalid rates: Return early.
Fixes: 7de16123d9 ("wifi: rtl8xxxu: Introduce rtl8xxxu_update_ra_report")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Suggested-by: Ping-Ke Shih <pkshih@realtek.com>
Signed-off-by: Yi Cong <yicong@kylinos.cn>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/96e31963da0c42dcb52ce44f818963d7@realtek.com/
Signed-off-by: Ping-Ke Shih <pkshih@realtek.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260306071627.56501-1-cong.yi@linux.dev
The irq_prepare_bcn_tasklet is initialized in rtl_pci_init() and
scheduled when RTL_IMR_BCNINT interrupt is triggered by hardware.
But it is never killed in rtl_pci_deinit(). When the rtlwifi card
probe fails or is being detached, the ieee80211_hw is deallocated.
However, irq_prepare_bcn_tasklet may still be running or pending,
leading to use-after-free when the freed ieee80211_hw is accessed
in _rtl_pci_prepare_bcn_tasklet().
Similar to irq_tasklet, add tasklet_kill() in rtl_pci_deinit() to
ensure that irq_prepare_bcn_tasklet is properly terminated before
the ieee80211_hw is released.
The issue was identified through static analysis.
Fixes: 0c8173385e ("rtl8192ce: Add new driver")
Signed-off-by: Duoming Zhou <duoming@zju.edu.cn>
Acked-by: Ping-Ke Shih <pkshih@realtek.com>
Signed-off-by: Ping-Ke Shih <pkshih@realtek.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260223045522.48377-1-duoming@zju.edu.cn
pci_upstream_bridge() returns NULL if the device is on a root bus. If
8821CE is installed in the system with such a PCI topology, the probing
routine will crash. This has probably been unnoticed as 8821CE is mostly
supplied in laptops where there is a PCI-to-PCI bridge located upstream
from the device. However the card might be installed on a system with
different configuration.
Check if the bridge does exist for the specific workaround to be applied.
Found by Linux Verification Center (linuxtesting.org) with Svace static
analysis tool.
Fixes: 24f5e38a13 ("rtw88: Disable PCIe ASPM while doing NAPI poll on 8821CE")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Fedor Pchelkin <pchelkin@ispras.ru>
Acked-by: Ping-Ke Shih <pkshih@realtek.com>
Signed-off-by: Ping-Ke Shih <pkshih@realtek.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260220094730.49791-1-pchelkin@ispras.ru
If entering LPS during SER (system error recovery), IMR might fail to
be re-enabled after SER. Then, the next SER would not be noticed well.
After FW v0.35.100.0, Wi-Fi 7 chipsets adjust the order in which SER
recovers DMAC state to prevent LPS from being in the middle of SER.
Signed-off-by: Zong-Zhe Yang <kevin_yang@realtek.com>
Signed-off-by: Ping-Ke Shih <pkshih@realtek.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260213061552.29997-13-pkshih@realtek.com
Some chipsets, e.g. Wi-Fi 7, will not record SER (system error recovery),
which are triggered by simulations, in the HW counters. Their HW counters
only record the SER happen in field. However for verification, it's still
needed to check if simulations are triggered. So, add SW counters to count
any causes that SER happen. But, SW can only count L1 and L2. SW does not
involve L0 SER, so SW cannot count it.
Signed-off-by: Zong-Zhe Yang <kevin_yang@realtek.com>
Signed-off-by: Ping-Ke Shih <pkshih@realtek.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260213061552.29997-11-pkshih@realtek.com
More data will be included in Firmware file and loaded via FW elements.
Unlike other chips, for RF radio, RTL8852A uses rtw89_phy_config_rf_reg
instead of v1, so update loading handling of corresponding FW element.
And then, increase RTL8852A FW format to 1 to prevent old driver from
misusing the data in FW elements.
Signed-off-by: Zong-Zhe Yang <kevin_yang@realtek.com>
Signed-off-by: Ping-Ke Shih <pkshih@realtek.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260213061552.29997-7-pkshih@realtek.com
Now, most of PHY parameter tables in driver can be loaded via FW elements.
Plan to generate the corresponding FW elements for 8852A PHY tables. Then,
after FW elements work for a enough time, rtw8852a_table.c can be cleaned
up. However, DIG (dynamic initial gain) tables are legacy for 8852A only,
so FW element doesn't support. Their sizes are not very big, so move them
to rtw8852a.c and keep rtw8852a_table.c for PHY tables which are supported
by FW elements.
No logic is changed.
Signed-off-by: Zong-Zhe Yang <kevin_yang@realtek.com>
Signed-off-by: Ping-Ke Shih <pkshih@realtek.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260213061552.29997-6-pkshih@realtek.com
Module firmware string depends on max format of the firmware. When max
format is 0, the module firmware string will be like XYZ.bin. However,
when max format N > 0, the module firmware string will become XYZ-N.bin.
Originally, when one chip updated its max firmware format from 0 to 1,
the module firmware string also needed to be changed. However, did not
need to do for other cases, e.g. from 1 to 2. It's a bit inconvenient
to always remember that from 0 to 1 is a special case.
So, add a general macro to generate the corresponding module firmware
string based on max firmware format.
Signed-off-by: Zong-Zhe Yang <kevin_yang@realtek.com>
Signed-off-by: Ping-Ke Shih <pkshih@realtek.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260213061552.29997-4-pkshih@realtek.com
When Wi-Fi enters power save, the register value can not be read
correctly. If mechanism take the wrong information to make decision,
it will run with wrong parameters. It leads Bluetooth low-energy
HID lag. Add logic to isolate the wrong register state.
BTCOEX Version: 26020420-2020
Desired_BT_Coex_Ver: 0x20
Desired_WL_FW_Ver: 9.9.X
Signed-off-by: Ching-Te Ku <ku920601@realtek.com>
Signed-off-by: Ping-Ke Shih <pkshih@realtek.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260213053445.19384-1-pkshih@realtek.com
RTL8851BU and RTL8852BU currently have much lower TX speed than
expected, ~100 and ~300 Mbps, respectively. This is because part of the
chip's memory is allocated for some unknown firmware features instead of
the TX buffers.
The vendor drivers have a module parameter called "rtw_quota_turbo_en",
which can be used to choose between full TX speed or the unknown
firmware features. It is on by default.
Change the relevant chip parameters to implement the turbo mode. Do it
only for USB because PCI is already fast even without the turbo mode.
It's unclear if SDIO will need it or not.
Signed-off-by: Bitterblue Smith <rtl8821cerfe2@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Ping-Ke Shih <pkshih@realtek.com>
Signed-off-by: Ping-Ke Shih <pkshih@realtek.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/88cce107-ff52-496f-bb77-b930e4182b67@gmail.com
Advertise support for IEEE 802.1X authentication protocol directly from
mac80211, without depending on driver indication of (Re)Association
frame encryption capability.
As specified in "IEEE P802.11bi/D4.0, clauses 12.16.5 and 12.16.8.2",
IEEE 802.1X authentication can operate with or without (Re)Association
frame encryption support. Therefore, mac80211 can safely advertise
802.1X support independently of driver capabilities.
Signed-off-by: Kavita Kavita <kavita.kavita@oss.qualcomm.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260226185553.1516290-6-kavita.kavita@oss.qualcomm.com
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes.berg@intel.com>
