Delete a triply out-of-date comment from add_swap_count_continuation():
1. vmalloc_to_page() changed from pte_offset_map() to pte_offset_kernel()
2. pte_offset_map() changed from using kmap_atomic() to kmap_local_page()
3. kmap_atomic() changed from using fixed FIX_KMAP addresses in 2.6.37.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/9022632b-ba9d-8cb0-c25-4be9786481b5@google.com
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
early_pfn_to_nid() is called frequently in init_reserved_page(), it
returns the node id of the PFN. These PFN are probably from the same
memory region, they have the same node id. It's not necessary to call
early_pfn_to_nid() for each PFN.
Pass nid to reserve_bootmem_region() and drop the call to
early_pfn_to_nid() in init_reserved_page(). Also, set nid on all reserved
pages before doing this, as some reserved memory regions may not be set
nid.
The most beneficial function is memmap_init_reserved_pages() if
CONFIG_DEFERRED_STRUCT_PAGE_INIT is enabled.
The following data was tested on an x86 machine with 190GB of RAM.
before:
memmap_init_reserved_pages() 67ms
after:
memmap_init_reserved_pages() 20ms
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230619023406.424298-1-yajun.deng@linux.dev
Signed-off-by: Yajun Deng <yajun.deng@linux.dev>
Reviewed-by: Mike Rapoport (IBM) <rppt@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
On some machines, the normal zone can have a large memory hole like below
memory layout, and we can see the range from 0x100000000 to 0x1800000000
is a hole. So when isolating some migratable pages, the scanner can meet
the hole and it will take more time to skip the large hole. From my
measurement, I can see the isolation scanner will take 80us ~ 100us to
skip the large hole [0x100000000 - 0x1800000000].
So adding a new helper to fast search next online memory section to skip
the large hole can help to find next suitable pageblock efficiently. With
this patch, I can see the large hole scanning only takes < 1us.
[ 0.000000] Zone ranges:
[ 0.000000] DMA [mem 0x0000000040000000-0x00000000ffffffff]
[ 0.000000] DMA32 empty
[ 0.000000] Normal [mem 0x0000000100000000-0x0000001fa7ffffff]
[ 0.000000] Movable zone start for each node
[ 0.000000] Early memory node ranges
[ 0.000000] node 0: [mem 0x0000000040000000-0x0000000fffffffff]
[ 0.000000] node 0: [mem 0x0000001800000000-0x0000001fa3c7ffff]
[ 0.000000] node 0: [mem 0x0000001fa3c80000-0x0000001fa3ffffff]
[ 0.000000] node 0: [mem 0x0000001fa4000000-0x0000001fa402ffff]
[ 0.000000] node 0: [mem 0x0000001fa4030000-0x0000001fa40effff]
[ 0.000000] node 0: [mem 0x0000001fa40f0000-0x0000001fa73cffff]
[ 0.000000] node 0: [mem 0x0000001fa73d0000-0x0000001fa745ffff]
[ 0.000000] node 0: [mem 0x0000001fa7460000-0x0000001fa746ffff]
[ 0.000000] node 0: [mem 0x0000001fa7470000-0x0000001fa758ffff]
[ 0.000000] node 0: [mem 0x0000001fa7590000-0x0000001fa7ffffff]
[baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com: limit next_ptn to not exceed cc->free_pfn]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/a1d859c28af0c7e85e91795e7473f553eb180a9d.1686813379.git.baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/75b4c8ca36bf44ad8c42bf0685ac19d272e426ec.1686705221.git.baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com
Signed-off-by: Baolin Wang <baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com>
Suggested-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Acked-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Acked-by: "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@intel.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
The recommended ways for getting DAMON monitoring results are using
tried_regions sysfs directory for partial snapshot of the results, and
DAMON tracepoint for full record of the results. However, the
tried_regions sysfs directory usage has not sufficiently updated on some
sections of the DAMON usage document. Update those.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230616191742.87531-8-sj@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Patch series "Docs/{mm,admin-guide}damon: update design and usage docs".
Update DAMON design and usage documents for outdated and unnecessarily
duplicated parts.
This patch (of 7):
The 'age' of each region in DAMON monitoring results is an important
concept for both monitoring part and DAMOS. And DAMOS section of the
design document is mentioning it. However, the age itself is not
explained in the document. Add a section for that.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230616191742.87531-1-sj@kernel.org
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230616191742.87531-2-sj@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
The mm_struct mm_count field is frequently updated by mmgrab/mmdrop
performed by context switch. This causes false-sharing for surrounding
mm_struct fields which are read-mostly.
This has been observed on a 2sockets/112core/224cpu Intel Sapphire Rapids
server running hackbench, and by the kernel test robot will-it-scale
testcase.
Move the mm_count field into its own cache line to prevent false-sharing
with other mm_struct fields.
Move mm_count to the first field of mm_struct to minimize the amount of
padding required: rather than adding padding before and after the mm_count
field, padding is only added after mm_count.
Note that I noticed this odd comment in mm_struct:
commit 2e3025434a ("mm: relocate 'write_protect_seq' in struct mm_struct")
/*
* With some kernel config, the current mmap_lock's offset
* inside 'mm_struct' is at 0x120, which is very optimal, as
* its two hot fields 'count' and 'owner' sit in 2 different
* cachelines, and when mmap_lock is highly contended, both
* of the 2 fields will be accessed frequently, current layout
* will help to reduce cache bouncing.
*
* So please be careful with adding new fields before
* mmap_lock, which can easily push the 2 fields into one
* cacheline.
*/
struct rw_semaphore mmap_lock;
This comment is rather odd for a few reasons:
- It requires addition/removal of mm_struct fields to carefully consider
field alignment of _other_ fields,
- It expresses the wish to keep an "optimal" alignment for a specific
kernel config.
I suspect that the author of this comment may want to revisit this topic
and perhaps introduce a split-struct approach for struct rw_semaphore,
if the need is to place various fields of this structure in different
cache lines.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230515143536.114960-1-mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com
Fixes: 223baf9d17 ("sched: Fix performance regression introduced by mm_cid")
Fixes: af7f588d8f ("sched: Introduce per-memory-map concurrency ID")
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/7a0c1db1-103d-d518-ed96-1584a28fbf32@efficios.com
Reported-by: kernel test robot <yujie.liu@intel.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/oe-lkp/202305151017.27581d75-yujie.liu@intel.com
Signed-off-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Reviewed-by: Aaron Lu <aaron.lu@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Olivier Dion <odion@efficios.com>
Cc: <michael.christie@oracle.com>
Cc: Feng Tang <feng.tang@intel.com>
Cc: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@nvidia.com>
Cc: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
try_get_folio() takes in a page, then chooses to do some folio operations
based on the flags (either FOLL_GET or FOLL_PIN). We can rewrite this
function to be more purpose oriented.
After calling try_get_folio(), if neither FOLL_GET nor FOLL_PIN are set,
warn and fail. If FOLL_GET is set we can return the result. If FOLL_GET
is not set then FOLL_PIN is set, so we pin the folio.
This change assists with folio conversions, and makes the function more
readable.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230614021312.34085-5-vishal.moola@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Vishal Moola (Oracle) <vishal.moola@gmail.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
KASAN's boot time kernel parameter 'kasan.fault=' currently supports
'report' and 'panic', which results in either only reporting bugs or also
panicking on reports.
However, some users may wish to have more control over when KASAN reports
result in a kernel panic: in particular, KASAN reported invalid _writes_
are of special interest, because they have greater potential to corrupt
random kernel memory or be more easily exploited.
To panic on invalid writes only, introduce 'kasan.fault=panic_on_write',
which allows users to choose to continue running on invalid reads, but
panic only on invalid writes.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230614095158.1133673-1-elver@google.com
Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com>
Cc: Aleksandr Nogikh <nogikh@google.com>
Cc: Andrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@gmail.com>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <ryabinin.a.a@gmail.com>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: Taras Madan <tarasmadan@google.com>
Cc: Vincenzo Frascino <vincenzo.frascino@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
When an entry started writeback, it used to be invalidated with ref count
logic alone, meaning that it would stay on the tree until all references
were put. The problem with this behavior is that as soon as the writeback
started, the ownership of the data held by the entry is passed to the
swapcache and should not be left in zswap too. Currently there are no
known issues because of this, but this change explicitly invalidates an
entry that started writeback to reduce opportunities for future bugs.
This patch is a follow up on the series titled "mm: zswap: move writeback
LRU from zpool to zswap" + commit f090b7949768("mm: zswap: support
exclusive loads").
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230614143122.74471-1-cerasuolodomenico@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Domenico Cerasuolo <cerasuolodomenico@gmail.com>
Suggested-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Dan Streetman <ddstreet@ieee.org>
Cc: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com>
Cc: Seth Jennings <sjenning@redhat.com>
Cc: Vitaly Wool <vitaly.wool@konsulko.com>
Cc: Yosry Ahmed <yosryahmed@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
If any page in a folio is dirtied, dirty the entire folio. Removes a
number of hidden calls to compound_head() and references to page->mapping
and page->index. Fixes a pre-existing bug where we could mark a folio as
dirty if the file is truncated to a multiple of the page size just as we
take the page fault. I don't believe this bug has any bad effect, it's
just inefficient.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230612210141.730128-8-willy@infradead.org
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com>
Cc: Bob Peterson <rpeterso@redhat.com>
Cc: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.com>
Cc: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
When running UnixBench/Execl throughput case, false sharing is observed
due to frequent read on base_addr and write on free_bytes, chunk_md.
UnixBench/Execl represents a class of workload where bash scripts are
spawned frequently to do some short jobs. It will do system call on execl
frequently, and execl will call mm_init to initialize mm_struct of the
process. mm_init will call __percpu_counter_init for percpu_counters
initialization. Then pcpu_alloc is called to read the base_addr of
pcpu_chunk for memory allocation. Inside pcpu_alloc, it will call
pcpu_alloc_area to allocate memory from a specified chunk. This function
will update "free_bytes" and "chunk_md" to record the rest free bytes and
other meta data for this chunk. Correspondingly, pcpu_free_area will also
update these 2 members when free memory.
Call trace from perf is as below:
+ 57.15% 0.01% execl [kernel.kallsyms] [k] __percpu_counter_init
+ 57.13% 0.91% execl [kernel.kallsyms] [k] pcpu_alloc
- 55.27% 54.51% execl [kernel.kallsyms] [k] osq_lock
- 53.54% 0x654278696e552f34
main
__execve
entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe
do_syscall_64
__x64_sys_execve
do_execveat_common.isra.47
alloc_bprm
mm_init
__percpu_counter_init
pcpu_alloc
- __mutex_lock.isra.17
In current pcpu_chunk layout, `base_addr' is in the same cache line with
`free_bytes' and `chunk_md', and `base_addr' is at the last 8 bytes. This
patch moves `bound_map' up to `base_addr', to let `base_addr' locate in a
new cacheline.
With this change, on Intel Sapphire Rapids 112C/224T platform, based on
v6.4-rc4, the 160 parallel score improves by 24%.
The pcpu_chunk struct is a backing data structure per chunk, so the
additional memory should not be dramatic. A chunk covers ballpark
between 64kb and 512kb memory depending on some config and boot time
stuff, so I believe the additional memory used here is nominal at best.
Working the #s on my desktop:
Percpu: 58624 kB
28 cores -> ~2.1MB of percpu memory.
At say ~128KB per chunk -> 33 chunks, generously 40 chunks.
Adding alignment might bump the chunk size ~64 bytes, so in total ~2KB
of overhead?
I believe we can do a little better to avoid eating that full padding,
so likely less than that.
[dennis@kernel.org: changelog details]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230610030730.110074-1-yu.ma@intel.com
Signed-off-by: Yu Ma <yu.ma@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Tim Chen <tim.c.chen@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Dennis Zhou <dennis@kernel.org>
Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Liam R. Howlett <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com>
Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
