Add VPA DTL PMU auxtrace process function for "perf report -D".
The auxtrace event processing functions are defined in file
"util/powerpc-vpadtl.c".
Data structures used includes "struct powerpc_vpadtl_queue", "struct
powerpc_vpadtl" to store the auxtrace buffers in queue. Different
PERF_RECORD_XXX are generated during recording.
PERF_RECORD_AUXTRACE_INFO is processed first since it is of type
perf_user_event_type and perf session event delivers
perf_session__process_user_event() first.
Define function powerpc_vpadtl_process_auxtrace_info() to handle the
processing of PERF_RECORD_AUXTRACE_INFO records.
In this function, initialize the aux buffer queues using
auxtrace_queues__init().
Setup the required infrastructure for aux data processing.
The data is collected per CPU and auxtrace_queue is created for each
CPU.
Define powerpc_vpadtl_process_event() function to process
PERF_RECORD_AUXTRACE records.
In this, add the event to queue using auxtrace_queues__add_event() and
process the buffer in powerpc_vpadtl_dump_event().
The first entry in the buffer with timebase as zero has boot timebase
and frequency.
Remaining data is of format for "struct powerpc_vpadtl_entry".
Define the translation for dispatch_reasons and preempt_reasons, report
this when dump trace is invoked via powerpc_vpadtl_dump()
Sample output:
./perf record -a -e sched:*,vpa_dtl/dtl_all/ -c 1000000000 sleep 1
[ perf record: Woken up 1 times to write data ]
[ perf record: Captured and wrote 0.300 MB perf.data ]
./perf report -D
0 0 0x39b10 [0x30]: PERF_RECORD_AUXTRACE size: 0x690 offset: 0 ref: 0 idx: 0 tid: -1 cpu: 0
.
. ... VPA DTL PMU data: size 1680 bytes, entries is 35
. 00000000: boot_tb: 21349649546353231, tb_freq: 512000000
. 00000030: dispatch_reason:decrementer interrupt, preempt_reason:H_CEDE, enqueue_to_dispatch_time:7064, ready_to_enqueue_time:187, waiting_to_ready_time:6611773
. 00000060: dispatch_reason:priv doorbell, preempt_reason:H_CEDE, enqueue_to_dispatch_time:146, ready_to_enqueue_time:0, waiting_to_ready_time:15359437
. 00000090: dispatch_reason:decrementer interrupt, preempt_reason:H_CEDE, enqueue_to_dispatch_time:4868, ready_to_enqueue_time:232, waiting_to_ready_time:5100709
. 000000c0: dispatch_reason:priv doorbell, preempt_reason:H_CEDE, enqueue_to_dispatch_time:179, ready_to_enqueue_time:0, waiting_to_ready_time:30714243
. 000000f0: dispatch_reason:priv doorbell, preempt_reason:H_CEDE, enqueue_to_dispatch_time:197, ready_to_enqueue_time:0, waiting_to_ready_time:15350648
. 00000120: dispatch_reason:priv doorbell, preempt_reason:H_CEDE, enqueue_to_dispatch_time:213, ready_to_enqueue_time:0, waiting_to_ready_time:15353446
. 00000150: dispatch_reason:priv doorbell, preempt_reason:H_CEDE, enqueue_to_dispatch_time:212, ready_to_enqueue_time:0, waiting_to_ready_time:15355126
. 00000180: dispatch_reason:decrementer interrupt, preempt_reason:H_CEDE, enqueue_to_dispatch_time:6368, ready_to_enqueue_time:164, waiting_to_ready_time:5104665
Reviewed-by: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Athira Rajeev <atrajeev@linux.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Tejas Manhas <tejas05@linux.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Venkat Rao Bagalkote <venkat88@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Aboorva Devarajan <aboorvad@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Aditya Bodkhe <Aditya.Bodkhe1@ibm.com>
Cc: Hari Bathini <hbathini@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Madhavan Srinivasan <maddy@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Shrikanth Hegde <sshegde@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
The powerpc PMU collecting Dispatch Trace Log (DTL) entries makes use of
AUX support in perf infrastructure.
The PMU driver has the functionality to collect trace entries in the aux
buffer.
On the tools side, this data is made available as PERF_RECORD_AUXTRACE
records.
This record is generated by "perf record" command.
To enable the creation of PERF_RECORD_AUXTRACE, add functions to
initialize auxtrace records ie "auxtrace_record__init()".
Fill in fields for other callbacks like info_priv_size, info_fill, free,
recording options etc.
Define auxtrace_type as PERF_AUXTRACE_VPA_DTL. Add header file to
define vpa dtl pmu specific details.
Reviewed-by: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Athira Rajeev <atrajeev@linux.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Tejas Manhas <tejas05@linux.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Venkat Rao Bagalkote <venkat88@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Aboorva Devarajan <aboorvad@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Aditya Bodkhe <Aditya.Bodkhe1@ibm.com>
Cc: Hari Bathini <hbathini@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Madhavan Srinivasan <maddy@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Shrikanth Hegde <sshegde@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Test cases from perftool_testsuite are affected by the current
directory where the test are run. For this reason, the test
driver has to change the directory to the base_dir for references to
work correctly.
Utilize absolute paths when sourcing and referencing other scripts so
that the current working directory doesn't impact the test cases.
Reviewed-by: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Jakub Brnak <jbrnak@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Petlan <mpetlan@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Veronika Molnarova <vmolnaro@redhat.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cross-merge networking fixes after downstream PR (net-6.17-rc8).
Conflicts:
tools/testing/selftests/drivers/net/bonding/Makefile
87951b5664 selftests: bonding: add test for passive LACP mode
c2377f1763 selftests: bonding: add test for LACP actor port priority
Adjacent changes:
drivers/net/ethernet/cadence/macb.h
fca3dc859b net: macb: remove illusion about TBQPH/RBQPH being per-queue
89934dbf16 net: macb: Add TAPRIO traffic scheduling support
drivers/net/ethernet/cadence/macb_main.c
fca3dc859b net: macb: remove illusion about TBQPH/RBQPH being per-queue
89934dbf16 net: macb: Add TAPRIO traffic scheduling support
Signed-off-by: Paolo Abeni <pabeni@redhat.com>
Pull nolibc updates from Thomas Weißschuh:
"Only small bugfixes and cleanups"
* tag 'nolibc-20250928-for-6.18-1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/nolibc/linux-nolibc:
tools/nolibc: add stdbool.h to nolibc includes
tools/nolibc: make time_t robust if __kernel_old_time_t is missing in host headers
selftests/nolibc: remove outdated comment about construct order
selftests/nolibc: fix EXPECT_NZ macro
tools/nolibc: drop wait4() support
kselftest/arm64: tpidr2: Switch to waitpid() over wait4()
tools/nolibc: fold llseek fallback into lseek()
tools/nolibc: remove __nolibc_enosys() fallback from fork functions
tools/nolibc: remove __nolibc_enosys() fallback from dup2()
tools/nolibc: remove __nolibc_enosys() fallback from *at() functions
tools/nolibc: remove __nolibc_enosys() fallback from time64-related functions
tools/nolibc: use tabs instead of spaces for indentation
tools/nolibc: avoid error in dup2() if old fd equals new fd
selftests/nolibc: always compile the kernel with GCC
selftests/nolibc: don't pass CC to toplevel Makefile
selftests/nolibc: deduplicate invocations of toplevel Makefile
selftests/nolibc: be more specific about variables affecting nolibc-test
tools/nolibc: fix error return value of clock_nanosleep()
Pull bpf updates from Alexei Starovoitov:
- Support pulling non-linear xdp data with bpf_xdp_pull_data() kfunc
(Amery Hung)
Applied as a stable branch in bpf-next and net-next trees.
- Support reading skb metadata via bpf_dynptr (Jakub Sitnicki)
Also a stable branch in bpf-next and net-next trees.
- Enforce expected_attach_type for tailcall compatibility (Daniel
Borkmann)
- Replace path-sensitive with path-insensitive live stack analysis in
the verifier (Eduard Zingerman)
This is a significant change in the verification logic. More details,
motivation, long term plans are in the cover letter/merge commit.
- Support signed BPF programs (KP Singh)
This is another major feature that took years to materialize.
Algorithm details are in the cover letter/marge commit
- Add support for may_goto instruction to s390 JIT (Ilya Leoshkevich)
- Add support for may_goto instruction to arm64 JIT (Puranjay Mohan)
- Fix USDT SIB argument handling in libbpf (Jiawei Zhao)
- Allow uprobe-bpf program to change context registers (Jiri Olsa)
- Support signed loads from BPF arena (Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi and
Puranjay Mohan)
- Allow access to union arguments in tracing programs (Leon Hwang)
- Optimize rcu_read_lock() + migrate_disable() combination where it's
used in BPF subsystem (Menglong Dong)
- Introduce bpf_task_work_schedule*() kfuncs to schedule deferred
execution of BPF callback in the context of a specific task using the
kernel’s task_work infrastructure (Mykyta Yatsenko)
- Enforce RCU protection for KF_RCU_PROTECTED kfuncs (Kumar Kartikeya
Dwivedi)
- Add stress test for rqspinlock in NMI (Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi)
- Improve the precision of tnum multiplier verifier operation
(Nandakumar Edamana)
- Use tnums to improve is_branch_taken() logic (Paul Chaignon)
- Add support for atomic operations in arena in riscv JIT (Pu Lehui)
- Report arena faults to BPF error stream (Puranjay Mohan)
- Search for tracefs at /sys/kernel/tracing first in bpftool (Quentin
Monnet)
- Add bpf_strcasecmp() kfunc (Rong Tao)
- Support lookup_and_delete_elem command in BPF_MAP_STACK_TRACE (Tao
Chen)
* tag 'bpf-next-6.18' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/bpf/bpf-next: (197 commits)
libbpf: Replace AF_ALG with open coded SHA-256
selftests/bpf: Add stress test for rqspinlock in NMI
selftests/bpf: Add test case for different expected_attach_type
bpf: Enforce expected_attach_type for tailcall compatibility
bpftool: Remove duplicate string.h header
bpf: Remove duplicate crypto/sha2.h header
libbpf: Fix error when st-prefix_ops and ops from differ btf
selftests/bpf: Test changing packet data from kfunc
selftests/bpf: Add stacktrace map lookup_and_delete_elem test case
selftests/bpf: Refactor stacktrace_map case with skeleton
bpf: Add lookup_and_delete_elem for BPF_MAP_STACK_TRACE
selftests/bpf: Fix flaky bpf_cookie selftest
selftests/bpf: Test changing packet data from global functions with a kfunc
bpf: Emit struct bpf_xdp_sock type in vmlinux BTF
selftests/bpf: Task_work selftest cleanup fixes
MAINTAINERS: Delete inactive maintainers from AF_XDP
bpf: Mark kfuncs as __noclone
selftests/bpf: Add kprobe multi write ctx attach test
selftests/bpf: Add kprobe write ctx attach test
selftests/bpf: Add uprobe context ip register change test
...
Pull VDSO updates from Thomas Gleixner:
- Further consolidation of the VDSO infrastructure and the common data
store
- Simplification of the related Kconfig logic
- Improve the VDSO selftest suite
* tag 'timers-vdso-2025-09-29' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
selftests: vDSO: Drop vdso_test_clock_getres
selftests: vDSO: vdso_test_abi: Add tests for clock_gettime64()
selftests: vDSO: vdso_test_abi: Test CPUTIME clocks
selftests: vDSO: vdso_test_abi: Use explicit indices for name array
selftests: vDSO: vdso_test_abi: Drop clock availability tests
selftests: vDSO: vdso_test_abi: Use ksft_finished()
selftests: vDSO: vdso_test_abi: Correctly skip whole test with missing vDSO
selftests: vDSO: Fix -Wunitialized in powerpc VDSO_CALL() wrapper
vdso: Add struct __kernel_old_timeval forward declaration to gettime.h
vdso: Gate VDSO_GETRANDOM behind HAVE_GENERIC_VDSO
vdso: Drop Kconfig GENERIC_VDSO_TIME_NS
vdso: Drop Kconfig GENERIC_VDSO_DATA_STORE
vdso: Drop kconfig GENERIC_COMPAT_VDSO
vdso: Drop kconfig GENERIC_VDSO_32
riscv: vdso: Untangle Kconfig logic
time: Build generic update_vsyscall() only with generic time vDSO
vdso/gettimeofday: Remove !CONFIG_TIME_NS stubs
vdso: Move ENABLE_COMPAT_VDSO from core to arm64
ARM: VDSO: Remove cntvct_ok global variable
vdso/datastore: Gate time data behind CONFIG_GENERIC_GETTIMEOFDAY
Pull futex updates from Thomas Gleixner:
"A set of updates for futexes and related selftests:
- Plug the ptrace_may_access() race against a concurrent exec() which
allows to pass the check before the target's process transition in
exec() by taking a read lock on signal->ext_update_lock.
- A large set of cleanups and enhancement to the futex selftests. The
bulk of changes is the conversion to the kselftest harness"
* tag 'locking-futex-2025-09-29' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (25 commits)
selftest/futex: Fix spelling mistake "boundarie" -> "boundary"
selftests/futex: Remove logging.h file
selftests/futex: Drop logging.h include from futex_numa
selftests/futex: Refactor futex_numa_mpol with kselftest_harness.h
selftests/futex: Refactor futex_priv_hash with kselftest_harness.h
selftests/futex: Refactor futex_waitv with kselftest_harness.h
selftests/futex: Refactor futex_requeue with kselftest_harness.h
selftests/futex: Refactor futex_wait with kselftest_harness.h
selftests/futex: Refactor futex_wait_private_mapped_file with kselftest_harness.h
selftests/futex: Refactor futex_wait_unitialized_heap with kselftest_harness.h
selftests/futex: Refactor futex_wait_wouldblock with kselftest_harness.h
selftests/futex: Refactor futex_wait_timeout with kselftest_harness.h
selftests/futex: Refactor futex_requeue_pi_signal_restart with kselftest_harness.h
selftests/futex: Refactor futex_requeue_pi_mismatched_ops with kselftest_harness.h
selftests/futex: Refactor futex_requeue_pi with kselftest_harness.h
selftests: kselftest: Create ksft_print_dbg_msg()
futex: Don't leak robust_list pointer on exec race
selftest/futex: Compile also with libnuma < 2.0.16
selftest/futex: Reintroduce "Memory out of range" numa_mpol's subtest
selftest/futex: Make the error check more precise for futex_numa_mpol
...
Pull rseq updates from Thomas Gleixner:
"Two fixes for RSEQ:
- Protect the event mask modification against the membarrier() IPI as
otherwise the RmW operation is unprotected and events might be lost
- Fix the weak symbol reference in rseq selftests
The current weak RSEQ symbols definitions which were added to allow
static linkage are not working correctly as they effectively
re-define the glibc symbols leading to multiple versions of the
symbols when compiled with -fno-common.
Mark them as 'extern' to convert them from weak symbol definitions
to weak symbol references. That works with static and dynamic
linkage independent of -fcommon and -fno-common"
* tag 'core-rseq-2025-09-29' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
rseq/selftests: Use weak symbol reference, not definition, to link with glibc
rseq: Protect event mask against membarrier IPI
Pull x86 SEV and apic updates from Borislav Petkov:
- Add functionality to provide runtime firmware updates for the non-x86
parts of an AMD platform like the security processor (ASP) firmware,
modules etc, for example. The intent being that these updates are
interim, live fixups before a proper BIOS update can be attempted
- Add guest support for AMD's Secure AVIC feature which gives encrypted
guests the needed protection against a malicious hypervisor
generating unexpected interrupts and injecting them into such guest,
thus interfering with its operation in an unexpected and negative
manner.
The advantage of this scheme is that the guest determines which
interrupts and when to accept them vs leaving that to the benevolence
(or not) of the hypervisor
- Strictly separate the startup code from the rest of the kernel where
former is executed from the initial 1:1 mapping of memory.
The problem was that the toolchain-generated version of the code was
being executed from a different mapping of memory than what was
"assumed" during code generation, needing an ever-growing pile of
fixups for absolute memory references which are invalid in the early,
1:1 memory mapping during boot.
The major advantage of this is that there's no need to check the 1:1
mapping portion of the code for absolute relocations anymore and get
rid of the RIP_REL_REF() macro sprinkling all over the place.
For more info, see Ard's very detailed writeup on this [1]
- The usual cleanups and fixes
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/CAMj1kXEzKEuePEiHB%2BHxvfQbFz0sTiHdn4B%2B%2BzVBJ2mhkPkQ4Q@mail.gmail.com [1]
* tag 'x86_apic_for_v6.18_rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (49 commits)
x86/boot: Drop erroneous __init annotation from early_set_pages_state()
crypto: ccp - Add AMD Seamless Firmware Servicing (SFS) driver
crypto: ccp - Add new HV-Fixed page allocation/free API
x86/sev: Add new dump_rmp parameter to snp_leak_pages() API
x86/startup/sev: Document the CPUID flow in the boot #VC handler
objtool: Ignore __pi___cfi_ prefixed symbols
x86/sev: Zap snp_abort()
x86/apic/savic: Do not use snp_abort()
x86/boot: Get rid of the .head.text section
x86/boot: Move startup code out of __head section
efistub/x86: Remap inittext read-execute when needed
x86/boot: Create a confined code area for startup code
x86/kbuild: Incorporate boot/startup/ via Kbuild makefile
x86/boot: Revert "Reject absolute references in .head.text"
x86/boot: Check startup code for absence of absolute relocations
objtool: Add action to check for absence of absolute relocations
x86/sev: Export startup routines for later use
x86/sev: Move __sev_[get|put]_ghcb() into separate noinstr object
x86/sev: Provide PIC aliases for SEV related data objects
x86/boot: Provide PIC aliases for 5-level paging related constants
...
Pull x86 cpuid updates from Borislav Petkov:
- Make UMIP instruction detection more robust
- Correct and cleanup AMD CPU topology detection; document the relevant
CPUID leaves topology parsing precedence on AMD
- Add support for running the kernel as guest on FreeBSD's Bhyve
hypervisor
- Cleanups and improvements
* tag 'x86_cpu_for_v6.18_rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
x86/umip: Fix decoding of register forms of 0F 01 (SGDT and SIDT aliases)
x86/umip: Check that the instruction opcode is at least two bytes
Documentation/x86/topology: Detail CPUID leaves used for topology enumeration
x86/cpu/topology: Define AMD64_CPUID_EXT_FEAT MSR
x86/cpu/topology: Check for X86_FEATURE_XTOPOLOGY instead of passing has_xtopology
x86/cpu/cacheinfo: Simplify cacheinfo_amd_init_llc_id() using _cpuid4_info
x86/cpu: Rename and move CPU model entry for Diamond Rapids
x86/cpu: Detect FreeBSD Bhyve hypervisor
Pull x86 instruction decoder update from Borislav Petkov:
- Add instruction decoding support for the XOP-prefixed instruction set
present on the AMD Bulldozer uarch
[ These instructions don't normally happen, but a X86_NATIVE_CPU build
on a bulldozer host can make the compiler then use these unusual
instruction encodings ]
* tag 'x86_misc_for_v6.18_rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
x86/insn: Add XOP prefix instructions decoder support
Pull performance events updates from Ingo Molnar:
"Core perf code updates:
- Convert mmap() related reference counts to refcount_t. This is in
reaction to the recently fixed refcount bugs, which could have been
detected earlier and could have mitigated the bug somewhat (Thomas
Gleixner, Peter Zijlstra)
- Clean up and simplify the callchain code, in preparation for
sframes (Steven Rostedt, Josh Poimboeuf)
Uprobes updates:
- Add support to optimize usdt probes on x86-64, which gives a
substantial speedup (Jiri Olsa)
- Cleanups and fixes on x86 (Peter Zijlstra)
PMU driver updates:
- Various optimizations and fixes to the Intel PMU driver (Dapeng Mi)
Misc cleanups and fixes:
- Remove redundant __GFP_NOWARN (Qianfeng Rong)"
* tag 'perf-core-2025-09-26' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (57 commits)
selftests/bpf: Fix uprobe_sigill test for uprobe syscall error value
uprobes/x86: Return error from uprobe syscall when not called from trampoline
perf: Skip user unwind if the task is a kernel thread
perf: Simplify get_perf_callchain() user logic
perf: Use current->flags & PF_KTHREAD|PF_USER_WORKER instead of current->mm == NULL
perf: Have get_perf_callchain() return NULL if crosstask and user are set
perf: Remove get_perf_callchain() init_nr argument
perf/x86: Print PMU counters bitmap in x86_pmu_show_pmu_cap()
perf/x86/intel: Add ICL_FIXED_0_ADAPTIVE bit into INTEL_FIXED_BITS_MASK
perf/x86/intel: Change macro GLOBAL_CTRL_EN_PERF_METRICS to BIT_ULL(48)
perf/x86: Add PERF_CAP_PEBS_TIMING_INFO flag
perf/x86/intel: Fix IA32_PMC_x_CFG_B MSRs access error
perf/x86/intel: Use early_initcall() to hook bts_init()
uprobes: Remove redundant __GFP_NOWARN
selftests/seccomp: validate uprobe syscall passes through seccomp
seccomp: passthrough uprobe systemcall without filtering
selftests/bpf: Fix uprobe syscall shadow stack test
selftests/bpf: Change test_uretprobe_regs_change for uprobe and uretprobe
selftests/bpf: Add uprobe_regs_equal test
selftests/bpf: Add optimized usdt variant for basic usdt test
...
KVM x86 CET virtualization support for 6.18
Add support for virtualizing Control-flow Enforcement Technology (CET) on
Intel (Shadow Stacks and Indirect Branch Tracking) and AMD (Shadow Stacks).
CET is comprised of two distinct features, Shadow Stacks (SHSTK) and Indirect
Branch Tracking (IBT), that can be utilized by software to help provide
Control-flow integrity (CFI). SHSTK defends against backward-edge attacks
(a.k.a. Return-oriented programming (ROP)), while IBT defends against
forward-edge attacks (a.k.a. similarly CALL/JMP-oriented programming (COP/JOP)).
Attackers commonly use ROP and COP/JOP methodologies to redirect the control-
flow to unauthorized targets in order to execute small snippets of code,
a.k.a. gadgets, of the attackers choice. By chaining together several gadgets,
an attacker can perform arbitrary operations and circumvent the system's
defenses.
SHSTK defends against backward-edge attacks, which execute gadgets by modifying
the stack to branch to the attacker's target via RET, by providing a second
stack that is used exclusively to track control transfer operations. The
shadow stack is separate from the data/normal stack, and can be enabled
independently in user and kernel mode.
When SHSTK is is enabled, CALL instructions push the return address on both the
data and shadow stack. RET then pops the return address from both stacks and
compares the addresses. If the return addresses from the two stacks do not
match, the CPU generates a Control Protection (#CP) exception.
IBT defends against backward-edge attacks, which branch to gadgets by executing
indirect CALL and JMP instructions with attacker controlled register or memory
state, by requiring the target of indirect branches to start with a special
marker instruction, ENDBRANCH. If an indirect branch is executed and the next
instruction is not an ENDBRANCH, the CPU generates a #CP. Note, ENDBRANCH
behaves as a NOP if IBT is disabled or unsupported.
From a virtualization perspective, CET presents several problems. While SHSTK
and IBT have two layers of enabling, a global control in the form of a CR4 bit,
and a per-feature control in user and kernel (supervisor) MSRs (U_CET and S_CET
respectively), the {S,U}_CET MSRs can be context switched via XSAVES/XRSTORS.
Practically speaking, intercepting and emulating XSAVES/XRSTORS is not a viable
option due to complexity, and outright disallowing use of XSTATE to context
switch SHSTK/IBT state would render the features unusable to most guests.
To limit the overall complexity without sacrificing performance or usability,
simply ignore the potential virtualization hole, but ensure that all paths in
KVM treat SHSTK/IBT as usable by the guest if the feature is supported in
hardware, and the guest has access to at least one of SHSTK or IBT. I.e. allow
userspace to advertise one of SHSTK or IBT if both are supported in hardware,
even though doing so would allow a misbehaving guest to use the unadvertised
feature.
Fully emulating SHSTK and IBT would also require significant complexity, e.g.
to track and update branch state for IBT, and shadow stack state for SHSTK.
Given that emulating large swaths of the guest code stream isn't necessary on
modern CPUs, punt on emulating instructions that meaningful impact or consume
SHSTK or IBT. However, instead of doing nothing, explicitly reject emulation
of such instructions so that KVM's emulator can't be abused to circumvent CET.
Disable support for SHSTK and IBT if KVM is configured such that emulation of
arbitrary guest instructions may be required, specifically if Unrestricted
Guest (Intel only) is disabled, or if KVM will emulate a guest.MAXPHYADDR that
is smaller than host.MAXPHYADDR.
Lastly disable SHSTK support if shadow paging is enabled, as the protections
for the shadow stack are novel (shadow stacks require Writable=0,Dirty=1, so
that they can't be directly modified by software), i.e. would require
non-trivial support in the Shadow MMU.
Note, AMD CPUs currently only support SHSTK. Explicitly disable IBT support
so that KVM doesn't over-advertise if AMD CPUs add IBT, and virtualizing IBT
in SVM requires KVM modifications.
KVM x86 changes for 6.18
- Don't (re)check L1 intercepts when completing userspace I/O to fix a flaw
where a misbehaving usersepace (a.k.a. syzkaller) could swizzle L1's
intercepts and trigger a variety of WARNs in KVM.
- Emulate PERF_CNTR_GLOBAL_STATUS_SET for PerfMonV2 guests, as the MSR is
supposed to exist for v2 PMUs.
- Allow Centaur CPU leaves (base 0xC000_0000) for Zhaoxin CPUs.
- Clean up KVM's vector hashing code for delivering lowest priority IRQs.
- Clean up the fastpath handler code to only handle IPIs and WRMSRs that are
actually "fast", as opposed to handling those that KVM _hopes_ are fast, and
in the process of doing so add fastpath support for TSC_DEADLINE writes on
AMD CPUs.
- Clean up a pile of PMU code in anticipation of adding support for mediated
vPMUs.
- Add support for the immediate forms of RDMSR and WRMSRNS, sans full
emulator support (KVM should never need to emulate the MSRs outside of
forced emulation and other contrived testing scenarios).
- Clean up the MSR APIs in preparation for CET and FRED virtualization, as
well as mediated vPMU support.
- Rejecting a fully in-kernel IRQCHIP if EOIs are protected, i.e. for TDX VMs,
as KVM can't faithfully emulate an I/O APIC for such guests.
- KVM_REQ_MSR_FILTER_CHANGED into a generic RECALC_INTERCEPTS in preparation
for mediated vPMU support, as KVM will need to recalculate MSR intercepts in
response to PMU refreshes for guests with mediated vPMUs.
- Misc cleanups and minor fixes.
KVM selftests changes for 6.18
- Add #DE coverage in the fastops test (the only exception that's guest-
triggerable in fastop-emulated instructions).
- Fix PMU selftests errors encountered on Granite Rapids (GNR), Sierra
Forest (SRF) and Clearwater Forest (CWF).
- Minor cleanups and improvements
KVM/riscv changes for 6.18
- Added SBI FWFT extension for Guest/VM with misaligned
delegation and pointer masking PMLEN features
- Added ONE_REG interface for SBI FWFT extension
- Added Zicbop and bfloat16 extensions for Guest/VM
- Enabled more common KVM selftests for RISC-V such as
access_tracking_perf_test, dirty_log_perf_test,
memslot_modification_stress_test, memslot_perf_test,
mmu_stress_test, and rseq_test
- Added SBI v3.0 PMU enhancements in KVM and perf driver
KVM/arm64 updates for 6.18
- Add support for FF-A 1.2 as the secure memory conduit for pKVM,
allowing more registers to be used as part of the message payload.
- Change the way pKVM allocates its VM handles, making sure that the
privileged hypervisor is never tricked into using uninitialised
data.
- Speed up MMIO range registration by avoiding unnecessary RCU
synchronisation, which results in VMs starting much quicker.
- Add the dump of the instruction stream when panic-ing in the EL2
payload, just like the rest of the kernel has always done. This will
hopefully help debugging non-VHE setups.
- Add 52bit PA support to the stage-1 page-table walker, and make use
of it to populate the fault level reported to the guest on failing
to translate a stage-1 walk.
- Add NV support to the GICv3-on-GICv5 emulation code, ensuring
feature parity for guests, irrespective of the host platform.
- Fix some really ugly architecture problems when dealing with debug
in a nested VM. This has some bad performance impacts, but is at
least correct.
- Add enough infrastructure to be able to disable EL2 features and
give effective values to the EL2 control registers. This then allows
a bunch of features to be turned off, which helps cross-host
migration.
- Large rework of the selftest infrastructure to allow most tests to
transparently run at EL2. This is the first step towards enabling
NV testing.
- Various fixes and improvements all over the map, including one BE
fix, just in time for the removal of the feature.
KVM/arm64 changes for 6.17, round #3
- Invalidate nested MMUs upon freeing the PGD to avoid WARNs when
visiting from an MMU notifier
- Fixes to the TLB match process and TLB invalidation range for
managing the VCNR pseudo-TLB
- Prevent SPE from erroneously profiling guests due to UNKNOWN reset
values in PMSCR_EL1
- Fix save/restore of host MDCR_EL2 to account for eagerly programming
at vcpu_load() on VHE systems
- Correct lock ordering when dealing with VGIC LPIs, avoiding scenarios
where an xarray's spinlock was nested with a *raw* spinlock
- Permit stage-2 read permission aborts which are possible in the case
of NV depending on the guest hypervisor's stage-2 translation
- Call raw_spin_unlock() instead of the internal spinlock API
- Fix parameter ordering when assigning VBAR_EL1
[Pull into kvm/master to fix conflicts. - Paolo]
Pull cgroup updates from Tejun Heo:
- Extensive cpuset code cleanup and refactoring work with no functional
changes: CPU mask computation logic refactoring, introducing new
helpers, removing redundant code paths, and improving error handling
for better maintainability.
- A few bug fixes to cpuset including fixes for partition creation
failures when isolcpus is in use, missing error returns, and null
pointer access prevention in free_tmpmasks().
- Core cgroup changes include replacing the global percpu_rwsem with
per-threadgroup rwsem when writing to cgroup.procs for better
scalability, workqueue conversions to use WQ_PERCPU and
system_percpu_wq to prepare for workqueue default switching from
percpu to unbound, and removal of unused code including the
post_attach callback.
- New cgroup.stat.local time accounting feature that tracks frozen time
duration.
- Misc changes including selftests updates (new freezer time tests and
backward compatibility fixes), documentation sync, string function
safety improvements, and 64-bit division fixes.
* tag 'cgroup-for-6.18' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/cgroup: (39 commits)
cpuset: remove is_prs_invalid helper
cpuset: remove impossible warning in update_parent_effective_cpumask
cpuset: remove redundant special case for null input in node mask update
cpuset: fix missing error return in update_cpumask
cpuset: Use new excpus for nocpu error check when enabling root partition
cpuset: fix failure to enable isolated partition when containing isolcpus
Documentation: cgroup-v2: Sync manual toctree
cpuset: use partition_cpus_change for setting exclusive cpus
cpuset: use parse_cpulist for setting cpus.exclusive
cpuset: introduce partition_cpus_change
cpuset: refactor cpus_allowed_validate_change
cpuset: refactor out validate_partition
cpuset: introduce cpus_excl_conflict and mems_excl_conflict helpers
cpuset: refactor CPU mask buffer parsing logic
cpuset: Refactor exclusive CPU mask computation logic
cpuset: change return type of is_partition_[in]valid to bool
cpuset: remove unused assignment to trialcs->partition_root_state
cpuset: move the root cpuset write check earlier
cgroup/cpuset: Remove redundant rcu_read_lock/unlock() in spin_lock
cgroup: Remove redundant rcu_read_lock/unlock() in spin_lock
...
When building perf with LIBBPF_DYNAMIC=1 on a fedora system with
libbpf-devel 1.5 I it was breaking with:
util/bpf-event.c: In function ‘format_btf_variable’:
util/bpf-event.c:291:18: error: ‘const struct btf_dump_type_data_opts’ has no member named ‘emit_strings’
291 | .emit_strings = 1,
| ^~~~~~~~~~~~
util/bpf-event.c:291:33: error: initialized field overwritten [-Werror=override-init]
291 | .emit_strings = 1,
| ^
util/bpf-event.c:291:33: note: (near initialization for ‘opts.skip_names’)
Check the version before using that feature.
Reviewed-by: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com>
Acked-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Cc: James Clark <james.clark@linaro.org>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Kan Liang <kan.liang@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Pull sched_ext updates from Tejun Heo:
- Code organization cleanup. Separate internal types and accessors to
ext_internal.h to reduce the size of ext.c and improve
maintainability.
- Prepare for cgroup sub-scheduler support by adding @sch parameter to
various functions and helpers, reorganizing scheduler instance
handling, and dropping obsolete helpers like scx_kf_exit() and
kf_cpu_valid().
- Add new scx_bpf_cpu_curr() and scx_bpf_locked_rq() BPF helpers to
provide safer access patterns with proper RCU protection.
scx_bpf_cpu_rq() is deprecated with warnings due to potential race
conditions.
- Improve debugging with migration-disabled counter in error state
dumps, SCX_EFLAG_INITIALIZED flag, bitfields for warning flags, and
other enhancements to help diagnose issues.
- Use cgroup_lock/unlock() for cgroup synchronization instead of
scx_cgroup_rwsem based synchronization. This is simpler and allows
enable/disable paths to synchronize against cgroup changes
independent of the CPU controller.
- rhashtable_lookup() replacement to avoid redundant RCU locking was
reverted due to RCU usage warnings. Will be redone once rhashtable is
updated to use rcu_dereference_all().
- Other misc updates and fixes including bypass handling improvements,
scx_task_iter_relock() improvements, tools/sched_ext updates, and
compatibility helpers.
* tag 'sched_ext-for-6.18' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/sched_ext: (28 commits)
Revert "sched_ext: Use rhashtable_lookup() instead of rhashtable_lookup_fast()"
sched_ext: Misc updates around scx_sched instance pointer
sched_ext: Drop scx_kf_exit() and scx_kf_error()
sched_ext: Add the @sch parameter to scx_dsq_insert_preamble/commit()
sched_ext: Drop kf_cpu_valid()
sched_ext: Add the @sch parameter to ext_idle helpers
sched_ext: Add the @sch parameter to __bstr_format()
sched_ext: Separate out scx_kick_cpu() and add @sch to it
tools/sched_ext: scx_qmap: Make debug output quieter by default
sched_ext: Make qmap dump operation non-destructive
sched_ext: Add SCX_EFLAG_INITIALIZED to indicate successful ops.init()
sched_ext: Use bitfields for boolean warning flags
sched_ext: Fix stray scx_root usage in task_can_run_on_remote_rq()
sched_ext: Improve SCX_KF_DISPATCH comment
sched_ext: Use rhashtable_lookup() instead of rhashtable_lookup_fast()
sched_ext: Verify RCU protection in scx_bpf_cpu_curr()
sched_ext: Add migration-disabled counter to error state dump
sched_ext: Fix NULL dereference in scx_bpf_cpu_rq() warning
tools/sched_ext: Add compat helper for scx_bpf_cpu_curr()
sched_ext: deprecation warn for scx_bpf_cpu_rq()
...
Add basic tests for sending data over PSP and making sure that key
rotation toggles the MSB of the spi.
Deploy PSP responder on the remote end. We also need a healthy dose
of common helpers for setting up the connections, assertions and
interrogating socket state on the Python side.
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Zahka <daniel.zahka@gmail.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250927225420.1443468-5-kuba@kernel.org
Reviewed-by: Willem de Bruijn <willemb@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Abeni <pabeni@redhat.com>
PSP tests need the remote system to support PSP, and some PSP capable
application to exchange data with. Create a simple PSP responder app
which we can build and deploy to the remote host. The tests themselves
can be written in Python but for ease of deploying the responder is in C
(using C YNL).
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Zahka <daniel.zahka@gmail.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250927225420.1443468-4-kuba@kernel.org
Reviewed-by: Willem de Bruijn <willemb@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Abeni <pabeni@redhat.com>
This introduces a test for IPSec offload over bonding, utilizing netdevsim
for the testing process, as veth interfaces do not support IPSec offload.
The test will ensure that the IPSec offload functionality remains operational
even after a failover event occurs in the bonding configuration.
Here is the test result:
TEST: bond_ipsec_offload (active_slave eth0) [ OK ]
TEST: bond_ipsec_offload (active_slave eth1) [ OK ]
Reviewed-by: Petr Machata <petrm@nvidia.com>
Signed-off-by: Hangbin Liu <liuhangbin@gmail.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250925023304.472186-2-liuhangbin@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Paolo Abeni <pabeni@redhat.com>
Pull powerpc updates from Madhavan Srinivasan:
- powerpc support for BPF arena and arena atomics
- Patches to switch to msi parent domain (per-device MSI domains)
- Add a lock contention tracepoint in the queued spinlock slowpath
- Fixes for underflow in pseries/powernv msi and pci paths
- Switch from legacy-of-mm-gpiochip dependency to platform driver
- Fixes for handling TLB misses
- Introduce support for powerpc papr-hvpipe
- Add vpa-dtl PMU driver for pseries platform
- Misc fixes and cleanups
Thanks to Aboorva Devarajan, Aditya Bodkhe, Andrew Donnellan, Athira
Rajeev, Cédric Le Goater, Christophe Leroy, Erhard Furtner, Gautam
Menghani, Geert Uytterhoeven, Haren Myneni, Hari Bathini, Joe Lawrence,
Kajol Jain, Kienan Stewart, Linus Walleij, Mahesh Salgaonkar, Nam Cao,
Nicolas Schier, Nysal Jan K.A., Ritesh Harjani (IBM), Ruben Wauters,
Saket Kumar Bhaskar, Shashank MS, Shrikanth Hegde, Tejas Manhas, Thomas
Gleixner, Thomas Huth, Thorsten Blum, Tyrel Datwyler, and Venkat Rao
Bagalkote.
* tag 'powerpc-6.18-1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/powerpc/linux: (49 commits)
powerpc/pseries: Define __u{8,32} types in papr_hvpipe_hdr struct
genirq/msi: Remove msi_post_free()
powerpc/perf/vpa-dtl: Add documentation for VPA dispatch trace log PMU
powerpc/perf/vpa-dtl: Handle the writing of perf record when aux wake up is needed
powerpc/perf/vpa-dtl: Add support to capture DTL data in aux buffer
powerpc/perf/vpa-dtl: Add support to setup and free aux buffer for capturing DTL data
docs: ABI: sysfs-bus-event_source-devices-vpa-dtl: Document sysfs event format entries for vpa_dtl pmu
powerpc/vpa_dtl: Add interface to expose vpa dtl counters via perf
powerpc/time: Expose boot_tb via accessor
powerpc/32: Remove PAGE_KERNEL_TEXT to fix startup failure
powerpc/fprobe: fix updated fprobe for function-graph tracer
powerpc/ftrace: support CONFIG_FUNCTION_GRAPH_RETVAL
powerpc64/modules: replace stub allocation sentinel with an explicit counter
powerpc64/modules: correctly iterate over stubs in setup_ftrace_ool_stubs
powerpc/ftrace: ensure ftrace record ops are always set for NOPs
powerpc/603: Really copy kernel PGD entries into all PGDIRs
powerpc/8xx: Remove left-over instruction and comments in DataStoreTLBMiss handler
powerpc/pseries: HVPIPE changes to support migration
powerpc/pseries: Enable hvpipe with ibm,set-system-parameter RTAS
powerpc/pseries: Enable HVPIPE event message interrupt
...
Pull RISC-V updates from Paul Walmsley
- Replacement of __ASSEMBLY__ with __ASSEMBLER__ in header files (other
architectures have already merged this type of cleanup)
- The introduction of ioremap_wc() for RISC-V
- Cleanup of the RISC-V kprobes code to use mostly-extant macros rather
than open code
- A RISC-V kprobes unit test
- An architecture-specific endianness swap macro set implementation,
leveraging some dedicated RISC-V instructions for this purpose if
they are available
- The ability to identity and communicate to userspace the presence
of a MIPS P8700-specific ISA extension, and to leverage its
MIPS-specific PAUSE implementation in cpu_relax()
- Several other miscellaneous cleanups
* tag 'riscv-for-linus-6.18-mw1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/riscv/linux: (39 commits)
riscv: errata: Fix the PAUSE Opcode for MIPS P8700
riscv: hwprobe: Document MIPS xmipsexectl vendor extension
riscv: hwprobe: Add MIPS vendor extension probing
riscv: Add xmipsexectl instructions
riscv: Add xmipsexectl as a vendor extension
dt-bindings: riscv: Add xmipsexectl ISA extension description
riscv: cpufeature: add validation for zfa, zfh and zfhmin
perf: riscv: skip empty batches in counter start
selftests: riscv: Add README for RISC-V KSelfTest
riscv: sbi: Switch to new sys-off handler API
riscv: Move vendor errata definitions to new header
RISC-V: ACPI: enable parsing the BGRT table
riscv: Enable ARCH_HAVE_NMI_SAFE_CMPXCHG
riscv: pi: use 'targets' instead of extra-y in Makefile
riscv: introduce asm/swab.h
riscv: mmap(): use unsigned offset type in riscv_sys_mmap
drivers/perf: riscv: Remove redundant ternary operators
riscv: mm: Use mmu-type from FDT to limit SATP mode
riscv: mm: Return intended SATP mode for noXlvl options
riscv: kprobes: Remove duplication of RV_EXTRACT_ITYPE_IMM
...
Pull arm64 updates from Will Deacon:
"There's good stuff across the board, including some nice mm
improvements for CPUs with the 'noabort' BBML2 feature and a clever
patch to allow ptdump to play nicely with block mappings in the
vmalloc area.
Confidential computing:
- Add support for accepting secrets from firmware (e.g. ACPI CCEL)
and mapping them with appropriate attributes.
CPU features:
- Advertise atomic floating-point instructions to userspace
- Extend Spectre workarounds to cover additional Arm CPU variants
- Extend list of CPUs that support break-before-make level 2 and
guarantee not to generate TLB conflict aborts for changes of
mapping granularity (BBML2_NOABORT)
- Add GCS support to our uprobes implementation.
Documentation:
- Remove bogus SME documentation concerning register state when
entering/exiting streaming mode.
Entry code:
- Switch over to the generic IRQ entry code (GENERIC_IRQ_ENTRY)
- Micro-optimise syscall entry path with a compiler branch hint.
Memory management:
- Enable huge mappings in vmalloc space even when kernel page-table
dumping is enabled
- Tidy up the types used in our early MMU setup code
- Rework rodata= for closer parity with the behaviour on x86
- For CPUs implementing BBML2_NOABORT, utilise block mappings in the
linear map even when rodata= applies to virtual aliases
- Don't re-allocate the virtual region between '_text' and '_stext',
as doing so confused tools parsing /proc/vmcore.
Miscellaneous:
- Clean-up Kconfig menuconfig text for architecture features
- Avoid redundant bitmap_empty() during determination of supported
SME vector lengths
- Re-enable warnings when building the 32-bit vDSO object
- Avoid breaking our eggs at the wrong end.
Perf and PMUs:
- Support for v3 of the Hisilicon L3C PMU
- Support for Hisilicon's MN and NoC PMUs
- Support for Fujitsu's Uncore PMU
- Support for SPE's extended event filtering feature
- Preparatory work to enable data source filtering in SPE
- Support for multiple lanes in the DWC PCIe PMU
- Support for i.MX94 in the IMX DDR PMU driver
- MAINTAINERS update (Thank you, Yicong)
- Minor driver fixes (PERF_IDX2OFF() overflow, CMN register offsets).
Selftests:
- Add basic LSFE check to the existing hwcaps test
- Support nolibc in GCS tests
- Extend SVE ptrace test to pass unsupported regsets and invalid
vector lengths
- Minor cleanups (typos, cosmetic changes).
System registers:
- Fix ID_PFR1_EL1 definition
- Fix incorrect signedness of some fields in ID_AA64MMFR4_EL1
- Sync TCR_EL1 definition with the latest Arm ARM (L.b)
- Be stricter about the input fed into our AWK sysreg generator
script
- Typo fixes and removal of redundant definitions.
ACPI, EFI and PSCI:
- Decouple Arm's "Software Delegated Exception Interface" (SDEI)
support from the ACPI GHES code so that it can be used by platforms
booted with device-tree
- Remove unnecessary per-CPU tracking of the FPSIMD state across EFI
runtime calls
- Fix a node refcount imbalance in the PSCI device-tree code.
CPU Features:
- Ensure register sanitisation is applied to fields in ID_AA64MMFR4
- Expose AIDR_EL1 to userspace via sysfs, primarily so that KVM
guests can reliably query the underlying CPU types from the VMM
- Re-enabling of SME support (CONFIG_ARM64_SME) as a result of fixes
to our context-switching, signal handling and ptrace code"
* tag 'arm64-upstream' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arm64/linux: (93 commits)
arm64: cpufeature: Remove duplicate asm/mmu.h header
arm64: Kconfig: Make CPU_BIG_ENDIAN depend on BROKEN
perf/dwc_pcie: Fix use of uninitialized variable
arm/syscalls: mark syscall invocation as likely in invoke_syscall
Documentation: hisi-pmu: Add introduction to HiSilicon V3 PMU
Documentation: hisi-pmu: Fix of minor format error
drivers/perf: hisi: Add support for L3C PMU v3
drivers/perf: hisi: Refactor the event configuration of L3C PMU
drivers/perf: hisi: Extend the field of tt_core
drivers/perf: hisi: Extract the event filter check of L3C PMU
drivers/perf: hisi: Simplify the probe process of each L3C PMU version
drivers/perf: hisi: Export hisi_uncore_pmu_isr()
drivers/perf: hisi: Relax the event ID check in the framework
perf: Fujitsu: Add the Uncore PMU driver
arm64: map [_text, _stext) virtual address range non-executable+read-only
arm64/sysreg: Update TCR_EL1 register
arm64: Enable vmalloc-huge with ptdump
arm64: cpufeature: add Neoverse-V3AE to BBML2 allow list
arm64: errata: Apply workarounds for Neoverse-V3AE
arm64: cputype: Add Neoverse-V3AE definitions
...
