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Merge tag 'v4.11-rc1' into docs-next

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Linux 4.11-rc1
This commit is contained in:
Jonathan Corbet
2017-03-07 00:22:51 -07:00
parent fd5d666932 c1ae3cfa0e
commit 9fe64e1514
12371 changed files with 517971 additions and 226709 deletions
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4
.mailmap
View File

@@ -137,6 +137,7 @@ Ricardo Ribalda Delgado <ricardo.ribalda@gmail.com>
Rudolf Marek <R.Marek@sh.cvut.cz>
Rui Saraiva <rmps@joel.ist.utl.pt>
Sachin P Sant <ssant@in.ibm.com>
Sarangdhar Joshi <spjoshi@codeaurora.org>
Sam Ravnborg <sam@mars.ravnborg.org>
Santosh Shilimkar <ssantosh@kernel.org>
Santosh Shilimkar <santosh.shilimkar@oracle.org>
@@ -150,10 +151,13 @@ Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org> <shuah.kh@samsung.com>
Simon Kelley <simon@thekelleys.org.uk>
Stéphane Witzmann <stephane.witzmann@ubpmes.univ-bpclermont.fr>
Stephen Hemminger <shemminger@osdl.org>
Subash Abhinov Kasiviswanathan <subashab@codeaurora.org>
Subhash Jadavani <subhashj@codeaurora.org>
Sudeep Holla <sudeep.holla@arm.com> Sudeep KarkadaNagesha <sudeep.karkadanagesha@arm.com>
Sumit Semwal <sumit.semwal@ti.com>
Tejun Heo <htejun@gmail.com>
Thomas Graf <tgraf@suug.ch>
Thomas Pedersen <twp@codeaurora.org>
Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Tsuneo Yoshioka <Tsuneo.Yoshioka@f-secure.com>
Uwe Kleine-König <ukleinek@informatik.uni-freiburg.de>

5
CREDITS
View File

@@ -2478,12 +2478,11 @@ S: D-90453 Nuernberg
S: Germany
N: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo
E: acme@ghostprotocols.net
E: acme@kernel.org
E: arnaldo.melo@gmail.com
E: acme@redhat.com
W: http://oops.ghostprotocols.net:81/blog/
P: 1024D/9224DF01 D5DF E3BB E3C8 BCBB F8AD 841A B6AB 4681 9224 DF01
D: IPX, LLC, DCCP, cyc2x, wl3501_cs, net/ hacks
D: tools/, IPX, LLC, DCCP, cyc2x, wl3501_cs, net/ hacks
S: Brazil
N: Karsten Merker

4
Documentation/00-INDEX
View File

@@ -270,8 +270,8 @@ m68k/
- directory with info about Linux on Motorola 68k architecture.
mailbox.txt
- How to write drivers for the common mailbox framework (IPC).
md-cluster.txt
- info on shared-device RAID MD cluster.
md/
- directory with info about Linux Software RAID
media/
- info on media drivers: uAPI, kAPI and driver documentation.
memory-barriers.txt

119
Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-block-zram
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@@ -1,119 +0,0 @@
What: /sys/block/zram<id>/num_reads
Date: August 2015
Contact: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Description:
The num_reads file is read-only and specifies the number of
reads (failed or successful) done on this device.
Now accessible via zram<id>/stat node.
What: /sys/block/zram<id>/num_writes
Date: August 2015
Contact: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Description:
The num_writes file is read-only and specifies the number of
writes (failed or successful) done on this device.
Now accessible via zram<id>/stat node.
What: /sys/block/zram<id>/invalid_io
Date: August 2015
Contact: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Description:
The invalid_io file is read-only and specifies the number of
non-page-size-aligned I/O requests issued to this device.
Now accessible via zram<id>/io_stat node.
What: /sys/block/zram<id>/failed_reads
Date: August 2015
Contact: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Description:
The failed_reads file is read-only and specifies the number of
failed reads happened on this device.
Now accessible via zram<id>/io_stat node.
What: /sys/block/zram<id>/failed_writes
Date: August 2015
Contact: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Description:
The failed_writes file is read-only and specifies the number of
failed writes happened on this device.
Now accessible via zram<id>/io_stat node.
What: /sys/block/zram<id>/notify_free
Date: August 2015
Contact: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Description:
The notify_free file is read-only. Depending on device usage
scenario it may account a) the number of pages freed because
of swap slot free notifications or b) the number of pages freed
because of REQ_DISCARD requests sent by bio. The former ones
are sent to a swap block device when a swap slot is freed, which
implies that this disk is being used as a swap disk. The latter
ones are sent by filesystem mounted with discard option,
whenever some data blocks are getting discarded.
Now accessible via zram<id>/io_stat node.
What: /sys/block/zram<id>/zero_pages
Date: August 2015
Contact: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Description:
The zero_pages file is read-only and specifies number of zero
filled pages written to this disk. No memory is allocated for
such pages.
Now accessible via zram<id>/mm_stat node.
What: /sys/block/zram<id>/orig_data_size
Date: August 2015
Contact: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Description:
The orig_data_size file is read-only and specifies uncompressed
size of data stored in this disk. This excludes zero-filled
pages (zero_pages) since no memory is allocated for them.
Unit: bytes
Now accessible via zram<id>/mm_stat node.
What: /sys/block/zram<id>/compr_data_size
Date: August 2015
Contact: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Description:
The compr_data_size file is read-only and specifies compressed
size of data stored in this disk. So, compression ratio can be
calculated using orig_data_size and this statistic.
Unit: bytes
Now accessible via zram<id>/mm_stat node.
What: /sys/block/zram<id>/mem_used_total
Date: August 2015
Contact: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Description:
The mem_used_total file is read-only and specifies the amount
of memory, including allocator fragmentation and metadata
overhead, allocated for this disk. So, allocator space
efficiency can be calculated using compr_data_size and this
statistic.
Unit: bytes
Now accessible via zram<id>/mm_stat node.
What: /sys/block/zram<id>/mem_used_max
Date: August 2015
Contact: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Description:
The mem_used_max file is read/write and specifies the amount
of maximum memory zram have consumed to store compressed data.
For resetting the value, you should write "0". Otherwise,
you could see -EINVAL.
Unit: bytes
Downgraded to write-only node: so it's possible to set new
value only; its current value is stored in zram<id>/mm_stat
node.
What: /sys/block/zram<id>/mem_limit
Date: August 2015
Contact: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Description:
The mem_limit file is read/write and specifies the maximum
amount of memory ZRAM can use to store the compressed data.
The limit could be changed in run time and "0" means disable
the limit. No limit is the initial state. Unit: bytes
Downgraded to write-only node: so it's possible to set new
value only; its current value is stored in zram<id>/mm_stat
node.

8
Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-rdma_cm
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@@ -20,3 +20,11 @@ Description: RDMA-CM based connections from HCA <hca> at port <port-num>
will be initiated with this RoCE type as default.
The possible RoCE types are either "IB/RoCE v1" or "RoCE v2".
This parameter has RW access.
What: /config/rdma_cm/<hca>/ports/<port-num>/default_roce_tos
Date: February 7, 2017
KernelVersion: 4.11.0
Description: RDMA-CM QPs from HCA <hca> at port <port-num>
will be created with this TOS as default.
This can be overridden by using the rdma_set_option API.
The possible RoCE TOS values are 0-255.

101
Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-block-zram
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@@ -22,41 +22,6 @@ Description:
device. The reset operation frees all the memory associated
with this device.
What: /sys/block/zram<id>/num_reads
Date: August 2010
Contact: Nitin Gupta <ngupta@vflare.org>
Description:
The num_reads file is read-only and specifies the number of
reads (failed or successful) done on this device.
What: /sys/block/zram<id>/num_writes
Date: August 2010
Contact: Nitin Gupta <ngupta@vflare.org>
Description:
The num_writes file is read-only and specifies the number of
writes (failed or successful) done on this device.
What: /sys/block/zram<id>/invalid_io
Date: August 2010
Contact: Nitin Gupta <ngupta@vflare.org>
Description:
The invalid_io file is read-only and specifies the number of
non-page-size-aligned I/O requests issued to this device.
What: /sys/block/zram<id>/failed_reads
Date: February 2014
Contact: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Description:
The failed_reads file is read-only and specifies the number of
failed reads happened on this device.
What: /sys/block/zram<id>/failed_writes
Date: February 2014
Contact: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Description:
The failed_writes file is read-only and specifies the number of
failed writes happened on this device.
What: /sys/block/zram<id>/max_comp_streams
Date: February 2014
Contact: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
@@ -73,74 +38,24 @@ Description:
available and selected compression algorithms, change
compression algorithm selection.
What: /sys/block/zram<id>/notify_free
Date: August 2010
Contact: Nitin Gupta <ngupta@vflare.org>
Description:
The notify_free file is read-only. Depending on device usage
scenario it may account a) the number of pages freed because
of swap slot free notifications or b) the number of pages freed
because of REQ_DISCARD requests sent by bio. The former ones
are sent to a swap block device when a swap slot is freed, which
implies that this disk is being used as a swap disk. The latter
ones are sent by filesystem mounted with discard option,
whenever some data blocks are getting discarded.
What: /sys/block/zram<id>/zero_pages
Date: August 2010
Contact: Nitin Gupta <ngupta@vflare.org>
Description:
The zero_pages file is read-only and specifies number of zero
filled pages written to this disk. No memory is allocated for
such pages.
What: /sys/block/zram<id>/orig_data_size
Date: August 2010
Contact: Nitin Gupta <ngupta@vflare.org>
Description:
The orig_data_size file is read-only and specifies uncompressed
size of data stored in this disk. This excludes zero-filled
pages (zero_pages) since no memory is allocated for them.
Unit: bytes
What: /sys/block/zram<id>/compr_data_size
Date: August 2010
Contact: Nitin Gupta <ngupta@vflare.org>
Description:
The compr_data_size file is read-only and specifies compressed
size of data stored in this disk. So, compression ratio can be
calculated using orig_data_size and this statistic.
Unit: bytes
What: /sys/block/zram<id>/mem_used_total
Date: August 2010
Contact: Nitin Gupta <ngupta@vflare.org>
Description:
The mem_used_total file is read-only and specifies the amount
of memory, including allocator fragmentation and metadata
overhead, allocated for this disk. So, allocator space
efficiency can be calculated using compr_data_size and this
statistic.
Unit: bytes
What: /sys/block/zram<id>/mem_used_max
Date: August 2014
Contact: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Description:
The mem_used_max file is read/write and specifies the amount
of maximum memory zram have consumed to store compressed data.
For resetting the value, you should write "0". Otherwise,
you could see -EINVAL.
The mem_used_max file is write-only and is used to reset
the counter of maximum memory zram have consumed to store
compressed data. For resetting the value, you should write
"0". Otherwise, you could see -EINVAL.
Unit: bytes
What: /sys/block/zram<id>/mem_limit
Date: August 2014
Contact: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Description:
The mem_limit file is read/write and specifies the maximum
amount of memory ZRAM can use to store the compressed data. The
limit could be changed in run time and "0" means disable the
limit. No limit is the initial state. Unit: bytes
The mem_limit file is write-only and specifies the maximum
amount of memory ZRAM can use to store the compressed data.
The limit could be changed in run time and "0" means disable
the limit. No limit is the initial state. Unit: bytes
What: /sys/block/zram<id>/compact
Date: August 2015

7
Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-i2c-devices-bq32k Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
What: /sys/bus/i2c/devices/.../trickle_charge_bypass
Date: Jan 2017
KernelVersion: 4.11
Contact: Enric Balletbo i Serra <eballetbo@gmail.com>
Description: Attribute for enable/disable the trickle charge bypass
The trickle_charge_bypass attribute allows the userspace to
enable/disable the Trickle charge FET bypass.

15
Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio
View File

@@ -170,6 +170,16 @@ Description:
Has all of the equivalent parameters as per voltageY. Units
after application of scale and offset are m/s^2.
What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_gravity_x_raw
What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_gravity_y_raw
What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_gravity_z_raw
KernelVersion: 4.11
Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
Description:
Gravity in direction x, y or z (may be arbitrarily assigned
but should match other such assignments on device).
Units after application of scale and offset are m/s^2.
What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_anglvel_x_raw
What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_anglvel_y_raw
What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_anglvel_z_raw
@@ -805,7 +815,7 @@ Description:
attribute. E.g. if in_voltage0_raw_thresh_rising_value is set to 1200
and in_voltage0_raw_thresh_rising_hysteresis is set to 50. The event
will get activated once in_voltage0_raw goes above 1200 and will become
deactived again once the value falls below 1150.
deactivated again once the value falls below 1150.
What: /sys/.../events/in_accel_x_raw_roc_rising_value
What: /sys/.../events/in_accel_x_raw_roc_falling_value
@@ -1245,7 +1255,8 @@ Description:
reflectivity of infrared or ultrasound emitted.
Often these sensors are unit less and as such conversion
to SI units is not possible. Higher proximity measurements
indicate closer objects, and vice versa.
indicate closer objects, and vice versa. Units after
application of scale and offset are meters.
What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/in_illuminance_input
What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/in_illuminance_raw

18
Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-adc-stm32 Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/triggerX/trigger_polarity
KernelVersion: 4.11
Contact: fabrice.gasnier@st.com
Description:
The STM32 ADC can be configured to use external trigger sources
(e.g. timers, pwm or exti gpio). Then, it can be tuned to start
conversions on external trigger by either:
- "rising-edge"
- "falling-edge"
- "both-edges".
Reading returns current trigger polarity.
Writing value before enabling conversions sets trigger polarity.
What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/triggerX/trigger_polarity_available
KernelVersion: 4.11
Contact: fabrice.gasnier@st.com
Description:
List all available trigger_polarity settings.

22
Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-distance-srf08 Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
What /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/sensor_sensitivity
Date: January 2017
KernelVersion: 4.11
Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
Description:
Show or set the gain boost of the amp, from 0-31 range.
default 31
What /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/sensor_max_range
Date: January 2017
KernelVersion: 4.11
Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
Description:
Show or set the maximum range between the sensor and the
first object echoed in meters. Default value is 6.020.
This setting limits the time the driver is waiting for a
echo.
Showing the range of available values is represented as the
minimum value, the step and the maximum value, all enclosed
in square brackets.
Example:
[0.043 0.043 11.008]

29
Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-timer-stm32 Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/triggerX/master_mode_available
KernelVersion: 4.11
Contact: benjamin.gaignard@st.com
Description:
Reading returns the list possible master modes which are:
- "reset" : The UG bit from the TIMx_EGR register is used as trigger output (TRGO).
- "enable" : The Counter Enable signal CNT_EN is used as trigger output.
- "update" : The update event is selected as trigger output.
For instance a master timer can then be used as a prescaler for a slave timer.
- "compare_pulse" : The trigger output send a positive pulse when the CC1IF flag is to be set.
- "OC1REF" : OC1REF signal is used as trigger output.
- "OC2REF" : OC2REF signal is used as trigger output.
- "OC3REF" : OC3REF signal is used as trigger output.
- "OC4REF" : OC4REF signal is used as trigger output.
What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/triggerX/master_mode
KernelVersion: 4.11
Contact: benjamin.gaignard@st.com
Description:
Reading returns the current master modes.
Writing set the master mode
What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/triggerX/sampling_frequency
KernelVersion: 4.11
Contact: benjamin.gaignard@st.com
Description:
Reading returns the current sampling frequency.
Writing an value different of 0 set and start sampling.
Writing 0 stop sampling.

25
Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-devfreq-event Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
What: /sys/class/devfreq-event/event(x)/
Date: January 2017
Contact: Chanwoo Choi <cw00.choi@samsung.com>
Description:
Provide a place in sysfs for the devfreq-event objects.
This allows accessing various devfreq-event specific variables.
The name of devfreq-event object denoted as 'event(x)' which
includes the unique number of 'x' for each devfreq-event object.
What: /sys/class/devfreq-event/event(x)/name
Date: January 2017
Contact: Chanwoo Choi <cw00.choi@samsung.com>
Description:
The /sys/class/devfreq-event/event(x)/name attribute contains
the name of the devfreq-event object. This attribute is
read-only.
What: /sys/class/devfreq-event/event(x)/enable_count
Date: January 2017
Contact: Chanwoo Choi <cw00.choi@samsung.com>
Description:
The /sys/class/devfreq-event/event(x)/enable_count attribute
contains the reference count to enable the devfreq-event
object. If the device is enabled, the value of attribute is
greater than zero.

17
Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-led
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@@ -23,6 +23,23 @@ Description:
If the LED does not support different brightness levels, this
should be 1.
What: /sys/class/leds/<led>/brightness_hw_changed
Date: January 2017
KernelVersion: 4.11
Description:
Last hardware set brightness level for this LED. Some LEDs
may be changed autonomously by hardware/firmware. Only LEDs
where this happens and the driver can detect this, will have
this file.
This file supports poll() to detect when the hardware changes
the brightness.
Reading this file will return the last brightness level set
by the hardware, this may be different from the current
brightness. Reading this file when no hw brightness change
event has happened will return an ENODATA error.
What: /sys/class/leds/<led>/trigger
Date: March 2006
KernelVersion: 2.6.17

14
Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-rc
View File

@@ -62,18 +62,18 @@ Description:
This value may be reset to 0 if the current protocol is altered.
What: /sys/class/rc/rcN/wakeup_protocols
Date: Feb 2014
KernelVersion: 3.15
Date: Feb 2017
KernelVersion: 4.11
Contact: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <m.chehab@samsung.com>
Description:
Reading this file returns a list of available protocols to use
for the wakeup filter, something like:
"rc5 rc6 nec jvc [sony]"
"rc-5 nec nec-x rc-6-0 rc-6-6a-24 [rc-6-6a-32] rc-6-mce"
Note that protocol variants are listed, so "nec", "sony",
"rc-5", "rc-6" have their different bit length encodings
listed if available.
The enabled wakeup protocol is shown in [] brackets.
Writing "+proto" will add a protocol to the list of enabled
wakeup protocols.
Writing "-proto" will remove a protocol from the list of enabled
wakeup protocols.
Only one protocol can be selected at a time.
Writing "proto" will use "proto" for wakeup events.
Writing "none" will disable wakeup.
Write fails with EINVAL if an invalid protocol combination or

12
Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-deferred_probe
View File

@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
What: /sys/devices/.../deferred_probe
Date: August 2016
Contact: Ben Hutchings <ben.hutchings@codethink.co.uk>
Description:
The /sys/devices/.../deferred_probe attribute is
present for all devices. If a driver detects during
probing a device that a related device is not yet
ready, it may defer probing of the first device. The
kernel will retry probing the first device after any
other device is successfully probed. This attribute
reads as 1 if probing of this device is currently
deferred, or 0 otherwise.

17
Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-edac
View File

@@ -138,3 +138,20 @@ Contact: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <m.chehab@samsung.com>
Description: This attribute file will display what type of memory is
currently on this csrow. Normally, either buffered or
unbuffered memory (for example, Unbuffered-DDR3).
What: /sys/devices/system/edac/mc/mc*/(dimm|rank)*/dimm_ce_count
Date: October 2016
Contact: linux-edac@vger.kernel.org
Description: This attribute file displays the total count of correctable
errors that have occurred on this DIMM. This count is very important
to examine. CEs provide early indications that a DIMM is beginning
to fail. This count field should be monitored for non-zero values
and report such information to the system administrator.
What: /sys/devices/system/edac/mc/mc*/(dimm|rank)*/dimm_ue_count
Date: October 2016
Contact: linux-edac@vger.kernel.org
Description: This attribute file displays the total count of uncorrectable
errors that have occurred on this DIMM. If panic_on_ue is set, this
counter will not have a chance to increment, since EDAC will panic the
system

12
Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-iommu_groups
View File

@@ -12,3 +12,15 @@ Description: /sys/kernel/iommu_groups/ contains a number of sub-
file if the IOMMU driver has chosen to register a more
common name for the group.
Users:
What: /sys/kernel/iommu_groups/reserved_regions
Date: January 2017
KernelVersion: v4.11
Contact: Eric Auger <eric.auger@redhat.com>
Description: /sys/kernel/iommu_groups/reserved_regions list IOVA
regions that are reserved. Not necessarily all
reserved regions are listed. This is typically used to
output direct-mapped, MSI, non mappable regions. Each
region is described on a single line: the 1st field is
the base IOVA, the second is the end IOVA and the third
field describes the type of the region.

2
Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-hidma
View File

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ What: /sys/devices/platform/hidma-*/chid
/sys/devices/platform/QCOM8061:*/chid
Date: Dec 2015
KernelVersion: 4.4
Contact: "Sinan Kaya <okaya@cudeaurora.org>"
Contact: "Sinan Kaya <okaya@codeaurora.org>"
Description:
Contains the ID of the channel within the HIDMA instance.
It is used to associate a given HIDMA channel with the

20
Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-hidma-mgmt
View File

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ What: /sys/devices/platform/hidma-mgmt*/chanops/chan*/priority
/sys/devices/platform/QCOM8060:*/chanops/chan*/priority
Date: Nov 2015
KernelVersion: 4.4
Contact: "Sinan Kaya <okaya@cudeaurora.org>"
Contact: "Sinan Kaya <okaya@codeaurora.org>"
Description:
Contains either 0 or 1 and indicates if the DMA channel is a
low priority (0) or high priority (1) channel.
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ What: /sys/devices/platform/hidma-mgmt*/chanops/chan*/weight
/sys/devices/platform/QCOM8060:*/chanops/chan*/weight
Date: Nov 2015
KernelVersion: 4.4
Contact: "Sinan Kaya <okaya@cudeaurora.org>"
Contact: "Sinan Kaya <okaya@codeaurora.org>"
Description:
Contains 0..15 and indicates the weight of the channel among
equal priority channels during round robin scheduling.
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ What: /sys/devices/platform/hidma-mgmt*/chreset_timeout_cycles
/sys/devices/platform/QCOM8060:*/chreset_timeout_cycles
Date: Nov 2015
KernelVersion: 4.4
Contact: "Sinan Kaya <okaya@cudeaurora.org>"
Contact: "Sinan Kaya <okaya@codeaurora.org>"
Description:
Contains the platform specific cycle value to wait after a
reset command is issued. If the value is chosen too short,
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ What: /sys/devices/platform/hidma-mgmt*/dma_channels
/sys/devices/platform/QCOM8060:*/dma_channels
Date: Nov 2015
KernelVersion: 4.4
Contact: "Sinan Kaya <okaya@cudeaurora.org>"
Contact: "Sinan Kaya <okaya@codeaurora.org>"
Description:
Contains the number of dma channels supported by one instance
of HIDMA hardware. The value may change from chip to chip.
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ What: /sys/devices/platform/hidma-mgmt*/hw_version_major
/sys/devices/platform/QCOM8060:*/hw_version_major
Date: Nov 2015
KernelVersion: 4.4
Contact: "Sinan Kaya <okaya@cudeaurora.org>"
Contact: "Sinan Kaya <okaya@codeaurora.org>"
Description:
Version number major for the hardware.
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ What: /sys/devices/platform/hidma-mgmt*/hw_version_minor
/sys/devices/platform/QCOM8060:*/hw_version_minor
Date: Nov 2015
KernelVersion: 4.4
Contact: "Sinan Kaya <okaya@cudeaurora.org>"
Contact: "Sinan Kaya <okaya@codeaurora.org>"
Description:
Version number minor for the hardware.
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ What: /sys/devices/platform/hidma-mgmt*/max_rd_xactions
/sys/devices/platform/QCOM8060:*/max_rd_xactions
Date: Nov 2015
KernelVersion: 4.4
Contact: "Sinan Kaya <okaya@cudeaurora.org>"
Contact: "Sinan Kaya <okaya@codeaurora.org>"
Description:
Contains a value between 0 and 31. Maximum number of
read transactions that can be issued back to back.
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ What: /sys/devices/platform/hidma-mgmt*/max_read_request
/sys/devices/platform/QCOM8060:*/max_read_request
Date: Nov 2015
KernelVersion: 4.4
Contact: "Sinan Kaya <okaya@cudeaurora.org>"
Contact: "Sinan Kaya <okaya@codeaurora.org>"
Description:
Size of each read request. The value needs to be a power
of two and can be between 128 and 1024.
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ What: /sys/devices/platform/hidma-mgmt*/max_wr_xactions
/sys/devices/platform/QCOM8060:*/max_wr_xactions
Date: Nov 2015
KernelVersion: 4.4
Contact: "Sinan Kaya <okaya@cudeaurora.org>"
Contact: "Sinan Kaya <okaya@codeaurora.org>"
Description:
Contains a value between 0 and 31. Maximum number of
write transactions that can be issued back to back.
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ What: /sys/devices/platform/hidma-mgmt*/max_write_request
/sys/devices/platform/QCOM8060:*/max_write_request
Date: Nov 2015
KernelVersion: 4.4
Contact: "Sinan Kaya <okaya@cudeaurora.org>"
Contact: "Sinan Kaya <okaya@codeaurora.org>"
Description:
Size of each write request. The value needs to be a power
of two and can be between 128 and 1024.

10
Documentation/DMA-attributes.txt
View File

@@ -143,3 +143,13 @@ So, this provides a way for drivers to avoid those error messages on calls
where allocation failures are not a problem, and shouldn't bother the logs.
NOTE: At the moment DMA_ATTR_NO_WARN is only implemented on PowerPC.
DMA_ATTR_PRIVILEGED
------------------------------
Some advanced peripherals such as remote processors and GPUs perform
accesses to DMA buffers in both privileged "supervisor" and unprivileged
"user" modes. This attribute is used to indicate to the DMA-mapping
subsystem that the buffer is fully accessible at the elevated privilege
level (and ideally inaccessible or at least read-only at the
lesser-privileged levels).

2
Documentation/DocBook/Makefile
View File

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ DOCBOOKS := z8530book.xml \
writing_usb_driver.xml networking.xml \
kernel-api.xml filesystems.xml lsm.xml kgdb.xml \
gadget.xml libata.xml mtdnand.xml librs.xml rapidio.xml \
genericirq.xml s390-drivers.xml uio-howto.xml scsi.xml \
genericirq.xml s390-drivers.xml scsi.xml \
sh.xml w1.xml \
writing_musb_glue_layer.xml

8
Documentation/DocBook/kgdb.tmpl
View File

@@ -115,12 +115,12 @@
</para>
<para>
If the architecture that you are using supports the kernel option
CONFIG_DEBUG_RODATA, you should consider turning it off. This
CONFIG_STRICT_KERNEL_RWX, you should consider turning it off. This
option will prevent the use of software breakpoints because it
marks certain regions of the kernel's memory space as read-only.
If kgdb supports it for the architecture you are using, you can
use hardware breakpoints if you desire to run with the
CONFIG_DEBUG_RODATA option turned on, else you need to turn off
CONFIG_STRICT_KERNEL_RWX option turned on, else you need to turn off
this option.
</para>
<para>
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@
<para>Here is an example set of .config symbols to enable or
disable for kgdb:
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para># CONFIG_DEBUG_RODATA is not set</para></listitem>
<listitem><para># CONFIG_STRICT_KERNEL_RWX is not set</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>CONFIG_FRAME_POINTER=y</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>CONFIG_KGDB=y</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>CONFIG_KGDB_SERIAL_CONSOLE=y</para></listitem>
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@
</para>
<para>Here is an example set of .config symbols to enable/disable kdb:
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para># CONFIG_DEBUG_RODATA is not set</para></listitem>
<listitem><para># CONFIG_STRICT_KERNEL_RWX is not set</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>CONFIG_FRAME_POINTER=y</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>CONFIG_KGDB=y</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>CONFIG_KGDB_SERIAL_CONSOLE=y</para></listitem>

2
Documentation/DocBook/libata.tmpl
View File

@@ -1020,7 +1020,7 @@ and other resources, etc.
</itemizedlist>
<para>
Of errors detected as above, the followings are not ATA/ATAPI
Of errors detected as above, the following are not ATA/ATAPI
device errors but ATA bus errors and should be handled
according to <xref linkend="excatATAbusErr"/>.
</para>

1112
Documentation/DocBook/uio-howto.tmpl
View File

File diff suppressed because it is too large Load Diff

2
Documentation/IPMI.txt
View File

@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ and tell you when they come and go.
Creating the User
To user the message handler, you must first create a user using
To use the message handler, you must first create a user using
ipmi_create_user. The interface number specifies which SMI you want
to connect to, and you must supply callback functions to be called
when data comes in. The callback function can run at interrupt level,

6
Documentation/PCI/MSI-HOWTO.txt
View File

@@ -162,8 +162,6 @@ The following old APIs to enable and disable MSI or MSI-X interrupts should
not be used in new code:
pci_enable_msi() /* deprecated */
pci_enable_msi_range() /* deprecated */
pci_enable_msi_exact() /* deprecated */
pci_disable_msi() /* deprecated */
pci_enable_msix_range() /* deprecated */
pci_enable_msix_exact() /* deprecated */
@@ -268,5 +266,5 @@ or disabled (0). If 0 is found in any of the msi_bus files belonging
to bridges between the PCI root and the device, MSIs are disabled.
It is also worth checking the device driver to see whether it supports MSIs.
For example, it may contain calls to pci_enable_msi_range() or
pci_enable_msix_range().
For example, it may contain calls to pci_irq_alloc_vectors() with the
PCI_IRQ_MSI or PCI_IRQ_MSIX flags.

31
Documentation/PCI/PCIEBUS-HOWTO.txt
View File

@@ -161,21 +161,13 @@ Since all service drivers of a PCI-PCI Bridge Port device are
allowed to run simultaneously, below lists a few of possible resource
conflicts with proposed solutions.
6.1 MSI Vector Resource
6.1 MSI and MSI-X Vector Resource
The MSI capability structure enables a device software driver to call
pci_enable_msi to request MSI based interrupts. Once MSI interrupts
are enabled on a device, it stays in this mode until a device driver
calls pci_disable_msi to disable MSI interrupts and revert back to
INTx emulation mode. Since service drivers of the same PCI-PCI Bridge
port share the same physical device, if an individual service driver
calls pci_enable_msi/pci_disable_msi it may result unpredictable
behavior. For example, two service drivers run simultaneously on the
same physical Root Port. Both service drivers call pci_enable_msi to
request MSI based interrupts. A service driver may not know whether
any other service drivers have run on this Root Port. If either one
of them calls pci_disable_msi, it puts the other service driver
in a wrong interrupt mode.
Once MSI or MSI-X interrupts are enabled on a device, it stays in this
mode until they are disabled again. Since service drivers of the same
PCI-PCI Bridge port share the same physical device, if an individual
service driver enables or disables MSI/MSI-X mode it may result
unpredictable behavior.
To avoid this situation all service drivers are not permitted to
switch interrupt mode on its device. The PCI Express Port Bus driver
@@ -187,17 +179,6 @@ driver. Service drivers should use (struct pcie_device*)dev->irq to
call request_irq/free_irq. In addition, the interrupt mode is stored
in the field interrupt_mode of struct pcie_device.
6.2 MSI-X Vector Resources
Similar to the MSI a device driver for an MSI-X capable device can
call pci_enable_msix to request MSI-X interrupts. All service drivers
are not permitted to switch interrupt mode on its device. The PCI
Express Port Bus driver is responsible for determining the interrupt
mode and this should be transparent to service drivers. Any attempt
by service driver to call pci_enable_msix/pci_disable_msix may
result unpredictable behavior. Service drivers should use
(struct pcie_device*)dev->irq and call request_irq/free_irq.
6.3 PCI Memory/IO Mapped Regions
Service drivers for PCI Express Power Management (PME), Advanced

24
Documentation/PCI/pci-error-recovery.txt
View File

@@ -78,7 +78,6 @@ struct pci_error_handlers
{
int (*error_detected)(struct pci_dev *dev, enum pci_channel_state);
int (*mmio_enabled)(struct pci_dev *dev);
int (*link_reset)(struct pci_dev *dev);
int (*slot_reset)(struct pci_dev *dev);
void (*resume)(struct pci_dev *dev);
};
@@ -104,8 +103,7 @@ if it implements any, it must implement error_detected(). If a callback
is not implemented, the corresponding feature is considered unsupported.
For example, if mmio_enabled() and resume() aren't there, then it
is assumed that the driver is not doing any direct recovery and requires
a slot reset. If link_reset() is not implemented, the card is assumed to
not care about link resets. Typically a driver will want to know about
a slot reset. Typically a driver will want to know about
a slot_reset().
The actual steps taken by a platform to recover from a PCI error
@@ -232,25 +230,9 @@ proceeds to STEP 4 (Slot Reset)
STEP 3: Link Reset
------------------
The platform resets the link, and then calls the link_reset() callback
on all affected device drivers. This is a PCI-Express specific state
The platform resets the link. This is a PCI-Express specific step
and is done whenever a non-fatal error has been detected that can be
"solved" by resetting the link. This call informs the driver of the
reset and the driver should check to see if the device appears to be
in working condition.
The driver is not supposed to restart normal driver I/O operations
at this point. It should limit itself to "probing" the device to
check its recoverability status. If all is right, then the platform
will call resume() once all drivers have ack'd link_reset().
Result codes:
(identical to STEP 3 (MMIO Enabled)
The platform then proceeds to either STEP 4 (Slot Reset) or STEP 5
(Resume Operations).
>>> The current powerpc implementation does not implement this callback.
"solved" by resetting the link.
STEP 4: Slot Reset
------------------

22
Documentation/PCI/pci.txt
View File

@@ -382,18 +382,18 @@ The fundamental difference between MSI and MSI-X is how multiple
"vectors" get allocated. MSI requires contiguous blocks of vectors
while MSI-X can allocate several individual ones.
MSI capability can be enabled by calling pci_enable_msi() or
pci_enable_msix() before calling request_irq(). This causes
the PCI support to program CPU vector data into the PCI device
capability registers.
MSI capability can be enabled by calling pci_alloc_irq_vectors() with the
PCI_IRQ_MSI and/or PCI_IRQ_MSIX flags before calling request_irq(). This
causes the PCI support to program CPU vector data into the PCI device
capability registers. Many architectures, chip-sets, or BIOSes do NOT
support MSI or MSI-X and a call to pci_alloc_irq_vectors with just
the PCI_IRQ_MSI and PCI_IRQ_MSIX flags will fail, so try to always
specify PCI_IRQ_LEGACY as well.
If your PCI device supports both, try to enable MSI-X first.
Only one can be enabled at a time. Many architectures, chip-sets,
or BIOSes do NOT support MSI or MSI-X and the call to pci_enable_msi/msix
will fail. This is important to note since many drivers have
two (or more) interrupt handlers: one for MSI/MSI-X and another for IRQs.
They choose which handler to register with request_irq() based on the
return value from pci_enable_msi/msix().
Drivers that have different interrupt handlers for MSI/MSI-X and
legacy INTx should chose the right one based on the msi_enabled
and msix_enabled flags in the pci_dev structure after calling
pci_alloc_irq_vectors.
There are (at least) two really good reasons for using MSI:
1) MSI is an exclusive interrupt vector by definition.

5
Documentation/RCU/Design/Data-Structures/Data-Structures.html
View File

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
<head><title>A Tour Through TREE_RCU's Data Structures [LWN.net]</title>
<meta HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
<p>January 27, 2016</p>
<p>December 18, 2016</p>
<p>This article was contributed by Paul E.&nbsp;McKenney</p>
<h3>Introduction</h3>
@@ -31,9 +31,6 @@ to each other.
Accessor Functions</a>
</ol>
At the end we have the
<a href="#Answers to Quick Quizzes">answers to the quick quizzes</a>.
<h3><a name="Data-Structure Relationships">Data-Structure Relationships</a></h3>
<p>RCU is for all intents and purposes a large state machine, and its

830
Documentation/RCU/Design/Expedited-Grace-Periods/ExpRCUFlow.svg Normal file
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head><title>A Tour Through TREE_RCU's Expedited Grace Periods</title>
<meta HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
<h2>Introduction</h2>
This document describes RCU's expedited grace periods.
Unlike RCU's normal grace periods, which accept long latencies to attain
high efficiency and minimal disturbance, expedited grace periods accept
lower efficiency and significant disturbance to attain shorter latencies.
<p>
There are three flavors of RCU (RCU-bh, RCU-preempt, and RCU-sched),
but only two flavors of expedited grace periods because the RCU-bh
expedited grace period maps onto the RCU-sched expedited grace period.
Each of the remaining two implementations is covered in its own section.
<ol>
<li> <a href="#Expedited Grace Period Design">
Expedited Grace Period Design</a>
<li> <a href="#RCU-preempt Expedited Grace Periods">
RCU-preempt Expedited Grace Periods</a>
<li> <a href="#RCU-sched Expedited Grace Periods">
RCU-sched Expedited Grace Periods</a>
<li> <a href="#Expedited Grace Period and CPU Hotplug">
Expedited Grace Period and CPU Hotplug</a>
<li> <a href="#Expedited Grace Period Refinements">
Expedited Grace Period Refinements</a>
</ol>
<h2><a name="Expedited Grace Period Design">
Expedited Grace Period Design</a></h2>
<p>
The expedited RCU grace periods cannot be accused of being subtle,
given that they for all intents and purposes hammer every CPU that
has not yet provided a quiescent state for the current expedited
grace period.
The one saving grace is that the hammer has grown a bit smaller
over time: The old call to <tt>try_stop_cpus()</tt> has been
replaced with a set of calls to <tt>smp_call_function_single()</tt>,
each of which results in an IPI to the target CPU.
The corresponding handler function checks the CPU's state, motivating
a faster quiescent state where possible, and triggering a report
of that quiescent state.
As always for RCU, once everything has spent some time in a quiescent
state, the expedited grace period has completed.
<p>
The details of the <tt>smp_call_function_single()</tt> handler's
operation depend on the RCU flavor, as described in the following
sections.
<h2><a name="RCU-preempt Expedited Grace Periods">
RCU-preempt Expedited Grace Periods</a></h2>
<p>
The overall flow of the handling of a given CPU by an RCU-preempt
expedited grace period is shown in the following diagram:
<p><img src="ExpRCUFlow.svg" alt="ExpRCUFlow.svg" width="55%">
<p>
The solid arrows denote direct action, for example, a function call.
The dotted arrows denote indirect action, for example, an IPI
or a state that is reached after some time.
<p>
If a given CPU is offline or idle, <tt>synchronize_rcu_expedited()</tt>
will ignore it because idle and offline CPUs are already residing
in quiescent states.
Otherwise, the expedited grace period will use
<tt>smp_call_function_single()</tt> to send the CPU an IPI, which
is handled by <tt>sync_rcu_exp_handler()</tt>.
<p>
However, because this is preemptible RCU, <tt>sync_rcu_exp_handler()</tt>
can check to see if the CPU is currently running in an RCU read-side
critical section.
If not, the handler can immediately report a quiescent state.
Otherwise, it sets flags so that the outermost <tt>rcu_read_unlock()</tt>
invocation will provide the needed quiescent-state report.
This flag-setting avoids the previous forced preemption of all
CPUs that might have RCU read-side critical sections.
In addition, this flag-setting is done so as to avoid increasing
the overhead of the common-case fastpath through the scheduler.
<p>
Again because this is preemptible RCU, an RCU read-side critical section
can be preempted.
When that happens, RCU will enqueue the task, which will the continue to
block the current expedited grace period until it resumes and finds its
outermost <tt>rcu_read_unlock()</tt>.
The CPU will report a quiescent state just after enqueuing the task because
the CPU is no longer blocking the grace period.
It is instead the preempted task doing the blocking.
The list of blocked tasks is managed by <tt>rcu_preempt_ctxt_queue()</tt>,
which is called from <tt>rcu_preempt_note_context_switch()</tt>, which
in turn is called from <tt>rcu_note_context_switch()</tt>, which in
turn is called from the scheduler.
<table>
<tr><th>&nbsp;</th></tr>
<tr><th align="left">Quick Quiz:</th></tr>
<tr><td>
Why not just have the expedited grace period check the
state of all the CPUs?
After all, that would avoid all those real-time-unfriendly IPIs.
</td></tr>
<tr><th align="left">Answer:</th></tr>
<tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff"><font color="ffffff">
Because we want the RCU read-side critical sections to run fast,
which means no memory barriers.
Therefore, it is not possible to safely check the state from some
other CPU.
And even if it was possible to safely check the state, it would
still be necessary to IPI the CPU to safely interact with the
upcoming <tt>rcu_read_unlock()</tt> invocation, which means that
the remote state testing would not help the worst-case
latency that real-time applications care about.
<p><font color="ffffff">One way to prevent your real-time
application from getting hit with these IPIs is to
build your kernel with <tt>CONFIG_NO_HZ_FULL=y</tt>.
RCU would then perceive the CPU running your application
as being idle, and it would be able to safely detect that
state without needing to IPI the CPU.
</font></td></tr>
<tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
</table>
<p>
Please note that this is just the overall flow:
Additional complications can arise due to races with CPUs going idle
or offline, among other things.
<h2><a name="RCU-sched Expedited Grace Periods">
RCU-sched Expedited Grace Periods</a></h2>
<p>
The overall flow of the handling of a given CPU by an RCU-sched
expedited grace period is shown in the following diagram:
<p><img src="ExpSchedFlow.svg" alt="ExpSchedFlow.svg" width="55%">
<p>
As with RCU-preempt's <tt>synchronize_rcu_expedited()</tt>,
<tt>synchronize_sched_expedited()</tt> ignores offline and
idle CPUs, again because they are in remotely detectable
quiescent states.
However, the <tt>synchronize_rcu_expedited()</tt> handler
is <tt>sync_sched_exp_handler()</tt>, and because the
<tt>rcu_read_lock_sched()</tt> and <tt>rcu_read_unlock_sched()</tt>
leave no trace of their invocation, in general it is not possible to tell
whether or not the current CPU is in an RCU read-side critical section.
The best that <tt>sync_sched_exp_handler()</tt> can do is to check
for idle, on the off-chance that the CPU went idle while the IPI
was in flight.
If the CPU is idle, then tt>sync_sched_exp_handler()</tt> reports
the quiescent state.
<p>
Otherwise, the handler invokes <tt>resched_cpu()</tt>, which forces
a future context switch.
At the time of the context switch, the CPU reports the quiescent state.
Should the CPU go offline first, it will report the quiescent state
at that time.
<h2><a name="Expedited Grace Period and CPU Hotplug">
Expedited Grace Period and CPU Hotplug</a></h2>
<p>
The expedited nature of expedited grace periods require a much tighter
interaction with CPU hotplug operations than is required for normal
grace periods.
In addition, attempting to IPI offline CPUs will result in splats, but
failing to IPI online CPUs can result in too-short grace periods.
Neither option is acceptable in production kernels.
<p>
The interaction between expedited grace periods and CPU hotplug operations
is carried out at several levels:
<ol>
<li> The number of CPUs that have ever been online is tracked
by the <tt>rcu_state</tt> structure's <tt>-&gt;ncpus</tt>
field.
The <tt>rcu_state</tt> structure's <tt>-&gt;ncpus_snap</tt>
field tracks the number of CPUs that have ever been online
at the beginning of an RCU expedited grace period.
Note that this number never decreases, at least in the absence
of a time machine.
<li> The identities of the CPUs that have ever been online is
tracked by the <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's
<tt>-&gt;expmaskinitnext</tt> field.
The <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's <tt>-&gt;expmaskinit</tt>
field tracks the identities of the CPUs that were online
at least once at the beginning of the most recent RCU
expedited grace period.
The <tt>rcu_state</tt> structure's <tt>-&gt;ncpus</tt> and
<tt>-&gt;ncpus_snap</tt> fields are used to detect when
new CPUs have come online for the first time, that is,
when the <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's <tt>-&gt;expmaskinitnext</tt>
field has changed since the beginning of the last RCU
expedited grace period, which triggers an update of each
<tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's <tt>-&gt;expmaskinit</tt>
field from its <tt>-&gt;expmaskinitnext</tt> field.
<li> Each <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's <tt>-&gt;expmaskinit</tt>
field is used to initialize that structure's
<tt>-&gt;expmask</tt> at the beginning of each RCU
expedited grace period.
This means that only those CPUs that have been online at least
once will be considered for a given grace period.
<li> Any CPU that goes offline will clear its bit in its leaf
<tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's <tt>-&gt;qsmaskinitnext</tt>
field, so any CPU with that bit clear can safely be ignored.
However, it is possible for a CPU coming online or going offline
to have this bit set for some time while <tt>cpu_online</tt>
returns <tt>false</tt>.
<li> For each non-idle CPU that RCU believes is currently online, the grace
period invokes <tt>smp_call_function_single()</tt>.
If this succeeds, the CPU was fully online.
Failure indicates that the CPU is in the process of coming online
or going offline, in which case it is necessary to wait for a
short time period and try again.
The purpose of this wait (or series of waits, as the case may be)
is to permit a concurrent CPU-hotplug operation to complete.
<li> In the case of RCU-sched, one of the last acts of an outgoing CPU
is to invoke <tt>rcu_report_dead()</tt>, which
reports a quiescent state for that CPU.
However, this is likely paranoia-induced redundancy. <!-- @@@ -->
</ol>
<table>
<tr><th>&nbsp;</th></tr>
<tr><th align="left">Quick Quiz:</th></tr>
<tr><td>
Why all the dancing around with multiple counters and masks
tracking CPUs that were once online?
Why not just have a single set of masks tracking the currently
online CPUs and be done with it?
</td></tr>
<tr><th align="left">Answer:</th></tr>
<tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff"><font color="ffffff">
Maintaining single set of masks tracking the online CPUs <i>sounds</i>
easier, at least until you try working out all the race conditions
between grace-period initialization and CPU-hotplug operations.
For example, suppose initialization is progressing down the
tree while a CPU-offline operation is progressing up the tree.
This situation can result in bits set at the top of the tree
that have no counterparts at the bottom of the tree.
Those bits will never be cleared, which will result in
grace-period hangs.
In short, that way lies madness, to say nothing of a great many
bugs, hangs, and deadlocks.
<p><font color="ffffff">
In contrast, the current multi-mask multi-counter scheme ensures
that grace-period initialization will always see consistent masks
up and down the tree, which brings significant simplifications
over the single-mask method.
<p><font color="ffffff">
This is an instance of
<a href="http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~library/TR-repository/reports/reports-1992/cucs-039-92.ps.gz"><font color="ffffff">
deferring work in order to avoid synchronization</a>.
Lazily recording CPU-hotplug events at the beginning of the next
grace period greatly simplifies maintenance of the CPU-tracking
bitmasks in the <tt>rcu_node</tt> tree.
</font></td></tr>
<tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
</table>
<h2><a name="Expedited Grace Period Refinements">
Expedited Grace Period Refinements</a></h2>
<ol>
<li> <a href="#Idle-CPU Checks">Idle-CPU checks</a>.
<li> <a href="#Batching via Sequence Counter">
Batching via sequence counter</a>.
<li> <a href="#Funnel Locking and Wait/Wakeup">
Funnel locking and wait/wakeup</a>.
<li> <a href="#Use of Workqueues">Use of Workqueues</a>.
<li> <a href="#Stall Warnings">Stall warnings</a>.
</ol>
<h3><a name="Idle-CPU Checks">Idle-CPU Checks</a></h3>
<p>
Each expedited grace period checks for idle CPUs when initially forming
the mask of CPUs to be IPIed and again just before IPIing a CPU
(both checks are carried out by <tt>sync_rcu_exp_select_cpus()</tt>).
If the CPU is idle at any time between those two times, the CPU will
not be IPIed.
Instead, the task pushing the grace period forward will include the
idle CPUs in the mask passed to <tt>rcu_report_exp_cpu_mult()</tt>.
<p>
For RCU-sched, there is an additional check for idle in the IPI
handler, <tt>sync_sched_exp_handler()</tt>.
If the IPI has interrupted the idle loop, then
<tt>sync_sched_exp_handler()</tt> invokes <tt>rcu_report_exp_rdp()</tt>
to report the corresponding quiescent state.
<p>
For RCU-preempt, there is no specific check for idle in the
IPI handler (<tt>sync_rcu_exp_handler()</tt>), but because
RCU read-side critical sections are not permitted within the
idle loop, if <tt>sync_rcu_exp_handler()</tt> sees that the CPU is within
RCU read-side critical section, the CPU cannot possibly be idle.
Otherwise, <tt>sync_rcu_exp_handler()</tt> invokes
<tt>rcu_report_exp_rdp()</tt> to report the corresponding quiescent
state, regardless of whether or not that quiescent state was due to
the CPU being idle.
<p>
In summary, RCU expedited grace periods check for idle when building
the bitmask of CPUs that must be IPIed, just before sending each IPI,
and (either explicitly or implicitly) within the IPI handler.
<h3><a name="Batching via Sequence Counter">
Batching via Sequence Counter</a></h3>
<p>
If each grace-period request was carried out separately, expedited
grace periods would have abysmal scalability and
problematic high-load characteristics.
Because each grace-period operation can serve an unlimited number of
updates, it is important to <i>batch</i> requests, so that a single
expedited grace-period operation will cover all requests in the
corresponding batch.
<p>
This batching is controlled by a sequence counter named
<tt>-&gt;expedited_sequence</tt> in the <tt>rcu_state</tt> structure.
This counter has an odd value when there is an expedited grace period
in progress and an even value otherwise, so that dividing the counter
value by two gives the number of completed grace periods.
During any given update request, the counter must transition from
even to odd and then back to even, thus indicating that a grace
period has elapsed.
Therefore, if the initial value of the counter is <tt>s</tt>,
the updater must wait until the counter reaches at least the
value <tt>(s+3)&amp;~0x1</tt>.
This counter is managed by the following access functions:
<ol>
<li> <tt>rcu_exp_gp_seq_start()</tt>, which marks the start of
an expedited grace period.
<li> <tt>rcu_exp_gp_seq_end()</tt>, which marks the end of an
expedited grace period.
<li> <tt>rcu_exp_gp_seq_snap()</tt>, which obtains a snapshot of
the counter.
<li> <tt>rcu_exp_gp_seq_done()</tt>, which returns <tt>true</tt>
if a full expedited grace period has elapsed since the
corresponding call to <tt>rcu_exp_gp_seq_snap()</tt>.
</ol>
<p>
Again, only one request in a given batch need actually carry out
a grace-period operation, which means there must be an efficient
way to identify which of many concurrent reqeusts will initiate
the grace period, and that there be an efficient way for the
remaining requests to wait for that grace period to complete.
However, that is the topic of the next section.
<h3><a name="Funnel Locking and Wait/Wakeup">
Funnel Locking and Wait/Wakeup</a></h3>
<p>
The natural way to sort out which of a batch of updaters will initiate
the expedited grace period is to use the <tt>rcu_node</tt> combining
tree, as implemented by the <tt>exp_funnel_lock()</tt> function.
The first updater corresponding to a given grace period arriving
at a given <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure records its desired grace-period
sequence number in the <tt>-&gt;exp_seq_rq</tt> field and moves up
to the next level in the tree.
Otherwise, if the <tt>-&gt;exp_seq_rq</tt> field already contains
the sequence number for the desired grace period or some later one,
the updater blocks on one of four wait queues in the
<tt>-&gt;exp_wq[]</tt> array, using the second-from-bottom
and third-from bottom bits as an index.
An <tt>-&gt;exp_lock</tt> field in the <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure
synchronizes access to these fields.
<p>
An empty <tt>rcu_node</tt> tree is shown in the following diagram,
with the white cells representing the <tt>-&gt;exp_seq_rq</tt> field
and the red cells representing the elements of the
<tt>-&gt;exp_wq[]</tt> array.
<p><img src="Funnel0.svg" alt="Funnel0.svg" width="75%">
<p>
The next diagram shows the situation after the arrival of Task&nbsp;A
and Task&nbsp;B at the leftmost and rightmost leaf <tt>rcu_node</tt>
structures, respectively.
The current value of the <tt>rcu_state</tt> structure's
<tt>-&gt;expedited_sequence</tt> field is zero, so adding three and
clearing the bottom bit results in the value two, which both tasks
record in the <tt>-&gt;exp_seq_rq</tt> field of their respective
<tt>rcu_node</tt> structures:
<p><img src="Funnel1.svg" alt="Funnel1.svg" width="75%">
<p>
Each of Tasks&nbsp;A and&nbsp;B will move up to the root
<tt>rcu_node</tt> structure.
Suppose that Task&nbsp;A wins, recording its desired grace-period sequence
number and resulting in the state shown below:
<p><img src="Funnel2.svg" alt="Funnel2.svg" width="75%">
<p>
Task&nbsp;A now advances to initiate a new grace period, while Task&nbsp;B
moves up to the root <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure, and, seeing that
its desired sequence number is already recorded, blocks on
<tt>-&gt;exp_wq[1]</tt>.
<table>
<tr><th>&nbsp;</th></tr>
<tr><th align="left">Quick Quiz:</th></tr>
<tr><td>
Why <tt>-&gt;exp_wq[1]</tt>?
Given that the value of these tasks' desired sequence number is
two, so shouldn't they instead block on <tt>-&gt;exp_wq[2]</tt>?
</td></tr>
<tr><th align="left">Answer:</th></tr>
<tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff"><font color="ffffff">
No.
<p><font color="ffffff">
Recall that the bottom bit of the desired sequence number indicates
whether or not a grace period is currently in progress.
It is therefore necessary to shift the sequence number right one
bit position to obtain the number of the grace period.
This results in <tt>-&gt;exp_wq[1]</tt>.
</font></td></tr>
<tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
</table>
<p>
If Tasks&nbsp;C and&nbsp;D also arrive at this point, they will compute the
same desired grace-period sequence number, and see that both leaf
<tt>rcu_node</tt> structures already have that value recorded.
They will therefore block on their respective <tt>rcu_node</tt>
structures' <tt>-&gt;exp_wq[1]</tt> fields, as shown below:
<p><img src="Funnel3.svg" alt="Funnel3.svg" width="75%">
<p>
Task&nbsp;A now acquires the <tt>rcu_state</tt> structure's
<tt>-&gt;exp_mutex</tt> and initiates the grace period, which
increments <tt>-&gt;expedited_sequence</tt>.
Therefore, if Tasks&nbsp;E and&nbsp;F arrive, they will compute
a desired sequence number of 4 and will record this value as
shown below:
<p><img src="Funnel4.svg" alt="Funnel4.svg" width="75%">
<p>
Tasks&nbsp;E and&nbsp;F will propagate up the <tt>rcu_node</tt>
combining tree, with Task&nbsp;F blocking on the root <tt>rcu_node</tt>
structure and Task&nbsp;E wait for Task&nbsp;A to finish so that
it can start the next grace period.
The resulting state is as shown below:
<p><img src="Funnel5.svg" alt="Funnel5.svg" width="75%">
<p>
Once the grace period completes, Task&nbsp;A
starts waking up the tasks waiting for this grace period to complete,
increments the <tt>-&gt;expedited_sequence</tt>,
acquires the <tt>-&gt;exp_wake_mutex</tt> and then releases the
<tt>-&gt;exp_mutex</tt>.
This results in the following state:
<p><img src="Funnel6.svg" alt="Funnel6.svg" width="75%">
<p>
Task&nbsp;E can then acquire <tt>-&gt;exp_mutex</tt> and increment
<tt>-&gt;expedited_sequence</tt> to the value three.
If new tasks&nbsp;G and&nbsp;H arrive and moves up the combining tree at the
same time, the state will be as follows:
<p><img src="Funnel7.svg" alt="Funnel7.svg" width="75%">
<p>
Note that three of the root <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's
waitqueues are now occupied.
However, at some point, Task&nbsp;A will wake up the
tasks blocked on the <tt>-&gt;exp_wq</tt> waitqueues, resulting
in the following state:
<p><img src="Funnel8.svg" alt="Funnel8.svg" width="75%">
<p>
Execution will continue with Tasks&nbsp;E and&nbsp;H completing
their grace periods and carrying out their wakeups.
<table>
<tr><th>&nbsp;</th></tr>
<tr><th align="left">Quick Quiz:</th></tr>
<tr><td>
What happens if Task&nbsp;A takes so long to do its wakeups
that Task&nbsp;E's grace period completes?
</td></tr>
<tr><th align="left">Answer:</th></tr>
<tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff"><font color="ffffff">
Then Task&nbsp;E will block on the <tt>-&gt;exp_wake_mutex</tt>,
which will also prevent it from releasing <tt>-&gt;exp_mutex</tt>,
which in turn will prevent the next grace period from starting.
This last is important in preventing overflow of the
<tt>-&gt;exp_wq[]</tt> array.
</font></td></tr>
<tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
</table>
<h3><a name="Use of Workqueues">Use of Workqueues</a></h3>
<p>
In earlier implementations, the task requesting the expedited
grace period also drove it to completion.
This straightforward approach had the disadvantage of needing to
account for signals sent to user tasks,
so more recent implemementations use the Linux kernel's
<a href="https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/workqueue.txt">workqueues</a>.
<p>
The requesting task still does counter snapshotting and funnel-lock
processing, but the task reaching the top of the funnel lock
does a <tt>schedule_work()</tt> (from <tt>_synchronize_rcu_expedited()</tt>
so that a workqueue kthread does the actual grace-period processing.
Because workqueue kthreads do not accept signals, grace-period-wait
processing need not allow for signals.
In addition, this approach allows wakeups for the previous expedited
grace period to be overlapped with processing for the next expedited
grace period.
Because there are only four sets of waitqueues, it is necessary to
ensure that the previous grace period's wakeups complete before the
next grace period's wakeups start.
This is handled by having the <tt>-&gt;exp_mutex</tt>
guard expedited grace-period processing and the
<tt>-&gt;exp_wake_mutex</tt> guard wakeups.
The key point is that the <tt>-&gt;exp_mutex</tt> is not released
until the first wakeup is complete, which means that the
<tt>-&gt;exp_wake_mutex</tt> has already been acquired at that point.
This approach ensures that the previous grace period's wakeups can
be carried out while the current grace period is in process, but
that these wakeups will complete before the next grace period starts.
This means that only three waitqueues are required, guaranteeing that
the four that are provided are sufficient.
<h3><a name="Stall Warnings">Stall Warnings</a></h3>
<p>
Expediting grace periods does nothing to speed things up when RCU
readers take too long, and therefore expedited grace periods check
for stalls just as normal grace periods do.
<table>
<tr><th>&nbsp;</th></tr>
<tr><th align="left">Quick Quiz:</th></tr>
<tr><td>
But why not just let the normal grace-period machinery
detect the stalls, given that a given reader must block
both normal and expedited grace periods?
</td></tr>
<tr><th align="left">Answer:</th></tr>
<tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff"><font color="ffffff">
Because it is quite possible that at a given time there
is no normal grace period in progress, in which case the
normal grace period cannot emit a stall warning.
</font></td></tr>
<tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
</table>
The <tt>synchronize_sched_expedited_wait()</tt> function loops waiting
for the expedited grace period to end, but with a timeout set to the
current RCU CPU stall-warning time.
If this time is exceeded, any CPUs or <tt>rcu_node</tt> structures
blocking the current grace period are printed.
Each stall warning results in another pass through the loop, but the
second and subsequent passes use longer stall times.
<h3><a name="Summary">
Summary</a></h3>
<p>
Expedited grace periods use a sequence-number approach to promote
batching, so that a single grace-period operation can serve numerous
requests.
A funnel lock is used to efficiently identify the one task out of
a concurrent group that will request the grace period.
All members of the group will block on waitqueues provided in
the <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure.
The actual grace-period processing is carried out by a workqueue.
<p>
CPU-hotplug operations are noted lazily in order to prevent the need
for tight synchronization between expedited grace periods and
CPU-hotplug operations.
The dyntick-idle counters are used to avoid sending IPIs to idle CPUs,
at least in the common case.
RCU-preempt and RCU-sched use different IPI handlers and different
code to respond to the state changes carried out by those handlers,
but otherwise use common code.
<p>
Quiescent states are tracked using the <tt>rcu_node</tt> tree,
and once all necessary quiescent states have been reported,
all tasks waiting on this expedited grace period are awakened.
A pair of mutexes are used to allow one grace period's wakeups
to proceed concurrently with the next grace period's processing.
<p>
This combination of mechanisms allows expedited grace periods to
run reasonably efficiently.
However, for non-time-critical tasks, normal grace periods should be
used instead because their longer duration permits much higher
degrees of batching, and thus much lower per-request overheads.
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@@ -1480,7 +1480,7 @@ speed-of-light delays if nothing else.
<p>
Furthermore, uncertainty about external state is inherent in many cases.
For example, a pair of veternarians might use heartbeat to determine
For example, a pair of veterinarians might use heartbeat to determine
whether or not a given cat was alive.
But how long should they wait after the last heartbeat to decide that
the cat is in fact dead?
@@ -1489,9 +1489,9 @@ mean that a relaxed cat would be considered to cycle between death
and life more than 100 times per minute.
Moreover, just as with human beings, a cat's heart might stop for
some period of time, so the exact wait period is a judgment call.
One of our pair of veternarians might wait 30 seconds before pronouncing
One of our pair of veterinarians might wait 30 seconds before pronouncing
the cat dead, while the other might insist on waiting a full minute.
The two veternarians would then disagree on the state of the cat during
The two veterinarians would then disagree on the state of the cat during
the final 30 seconds of the minute following the last heartbeat.
<p>
@@ -1945,7 +1945,7 @@ guard against mishaps and misuse:
<ol>
<li> It is all too easy to forget to use <tt>rcu_read_lock()</tt>
everywhere that it is needed, so kernels built with
<tt>CONFIG_PROVE_RCU=y</tt> will spat if
<tt>CONFIG_PROVE_RCU=y</tt> will splat if
<tt>rcu_dereference()</tt> is used outside of an
RCU read-side critical section.
Update-side code can use <tt>rcu_dereference_protected()</tt>,
@@ -2421,7 +2421,7 @@ However, there are some restrictions on the code placed within
<li> Blocking is prohibited.
In practice, this is not a serious restriction given that idle
tasks are prohibited from blocking to begin with.
<li> Although nesting <tt>RCU_NONIDLE()</tt> is permited, they cannot
<li> Although nesting <tt>RCU_NONIDLE()</tt> is permitted, they cannot
nest indefinitely deeply.
However, given that they can be nested on the order of a million
deep, even on 32-bit systems, this should not be a serious
@@ -2885,7 +2885,7 @@ APIs for defining and initializing <tt>srcu_struct</tt> structures.
<h3><a name="Tasks RCU">Tasks RCU</a></h3>
<p>
Some forms of tracing use &ldquo;tramopolines&rdquo; to handle the
Some forms of tracing use &ldquo;trampolines&rdquo; to handle the
binary rewriting required to install different types of probes.
It would be good to be able to free old trampolines, which sounds
like a job for some form of RCU.

5
Documentation/RCU/trace.txt
View File

@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ o "ktl" is the low-order 16 bits (in hexadecimal) of the count of
The output of "cat rcu/rcu_preempt/rcuexp" looks as follows:
s=21872 wd1=0 wd2=0 wd3=5 n=0 enq=0 sc=21872
s=21872 wd1=0 wd2=0 wd3=5 enq=0 sc=21872
These fields are as follows:
@@ -249,9 +249,6 @@ o "wd1", "wd2", and "wd3" are the number of times that an attempt
completed an expedited grace period that satisfies the attempted
request. "Our work is done."
o "n" is number of times that a concurrent CPU-hotplug operation
forced a fallback to a normal grace period.
o "enq" is the number of quiescent states still outstanding.
o "sc" is the number of times that the attempt to start a

16
Documentation/acpi/acpi-lid.txt
View File

@@ -59,28 +59,20 @@ button driver uses the following 3 modes in order not to trigger issues.
If the userspace hasn't been prepared to ignore the unreliable "opened"
events and the unreliable initial state notification, Linux users can use
the following kernel parameters to handle the possible issues:
A. button.lid_init_state=method:
When this option is specified, the ACPI button driver reports the
initial lid state using the returning value of the _LID control method
and whether the "opened"/"closed" events are paired fully relies on the
firmware implementation.
This option can be used to fix some platforms where the returning value
of the _LID control method is reliable but the initial lid state
notification is missing.
This option is the default behavior during the period the userspace
isn't ready to handle the buggy AML tables.
B. button.lid_init_state=open:
A. button.lid_init_state=open:
When this option is specified, the ACPI button driver always reports the
initial lid state as "opened" and whether the "opened"/"closed" events
are paired fully relies on the firmware implementation.
This may fix some platforms where the returning value of the _LID
control method is not reliable and the initial lid state notification is
missing.
This option is the default behavior during the period the userspace
isn't ready to handle the buggy AML tables.
If the userspace has been prepared to ignore the unreliable "opened" events
and the unreliable initial state notification, Linux users should always
use the following kernel parameter:
C. button.lid_init_state=ignore:
B. button.lid_init_state=ignore:
When this option is specified, the ACPI button driver never reports the
initial lid state and there is a compensation mechanism implemented to
ensure that the reliable "closed" notifications can always be delievered

2
Documentation/acpi/method-customizing.txt
View File

@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ Note: To get the ACPI debug object output (Store (AAAA, Debug)),
3. undo your changes
The "undo" operation is not supported for a new inserted method
right now, i.e. we can not remove a method currently.
For an overrided method, in order to undo your changes, please
For an overridden method, in order to undo your changes, please
save a copy of the method original ASL code in step c) section 1,
and redo step c) ~ g) to override the method with the original one.

2
Documentation/acpi/method-tracing.txt
View File

@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ tracing facility.
Users can enable/disable this debug tracing feature by executing
the following command:
# echo string > /sys/module/acpi/parameters/trace_state
Where "string" should be one of the followings:
Where "string" should be one of the following:
"disable"
Disable the method tracing feature.
"enable"

56
Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt
View File

@@ -106,6 +106,16 @@
use by PCI
Format: <irq>,<irq>...
acpi_mask_gpe= [HW,ACPI]
Due to the existence of _Lxx/_Exx, some GPEs triggered
by unsupported hardware/firmware features can result in
GPE floodings that cannot be automatically disabled by
the GPE dispatcher.
This facility can be used to prevent such uncontrolled
GPE floodings.
Format: <int>
Support masking of GPEs numbered from 0x00 to 0x7f.
acpi_no_auto_serialize [HW,ACPI]
Disable auto-serialization of AML methods
AML control methods that contain the opcodes to create
@@ -539,15 +549,6 @@
loops can be debugged more effectively on production
systems.
clocksource.arm_arch_timer.fsl-a008585=
[ARM64]
Format: <bool>
Enable/disable the workaround of Freescale/NXP
erratum A-008585. This can be useful for KVM
guests, if the guest device tree doesn't show the
erratum. If unspecified, the workaround is
enabled based on the device tree.
clearcpuid=BITNUM [X86]
Disable CPUID feature X for the kernel. See
arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h for the valid bit
@@ -956,6 +957,12 @@
serial port must already be setup and configured.
Options are not yet supported.
lantiq,<addr>
Start an early, polled-mode console on a lantiq serial
(lqasc) port at the specified address. The serial port
must already be setup and configured. Options are not
yet supported.
lpuart,<addr>
lpuart32,<addr>
Use early console provided by Freescale LP UART driver
@@ -969,9 +976,10 @@
address. The serial port must already be setup
and configured. Options are not yet supported.
earlyprintk= [X86,SH,BLACKFIN,ARM,M68k]
earlyprintk= [X86,SH,BLACKFIN,ARM,M68k,S390]
earlyprintk=vga
earlyprintk=efi
earlyprintk=sclp
earlyprintk=xen
earlyprintk=serial[,ttySn[,baudrate]]
earlyprintk=serial[,0x...[,baudrate]]
@@ -1006,6 +1014,8 @@
The xen output can only be used by Xen PV guests.
The sclp output can only be used on s390.
edac_report= [HW,EDAC] Control how to report EDAC event
Format: {"on" | "off" | "force"}
on: enable EDAC to report H/W event. May be overridden
@@ -1191,6 +1201,10 @@
When zero, profiling data is discarded and associated
debugfs files are removed at module unload time.
goldfish [X86] Enable the goldfish android emulator platform.
Don't use this when you are not running on the
android emulator
gpt [EFI] Forces disk with valid GPT signature but
invalid Protective MBR to be treated as GPT. If the
primary GPT is corrupted, it enables the backup/alternate
@@ -3268,6 +3282,13 @@
Lazy RCU callbacks are those which RCU can
prove do nothing more than free memory.
rcutree.rcu_kick_kthreads= [KNL]
Cause the grace-period kthread to get an extra
wake_up() if it sleeps three times longer than
it should at force-quiescent-state time.
This wake_up() will be accompanied by a
WARN_ONCE() splat and an ftrace_dump().
rcuperf.gp_exp= [KNL]
Measure performance of expedited synchronous
grace-period primitives.
@@ -3553,6 +3574,10 @@
rhash_entries= [KNL,NET]
Set number of hash buckets for route cache
ring3mwait=disable
[KNL] Disable ring 3 MONITOR/MWAIT feature on supported
CPUs.
ro [KNL] Mount root device read-only on boot
rodata= [KNL]
@@ -3669,6 +3694,14 @@
last alloc / free. For more information see
Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
slub_memcg_sysfs= [MM, SLUB]
Determines whether to enable sysfs directories for
memory cgroup sub-caches. 1 to enable, 0 to disable.
The default is determined by CONFIG_SLUB_MEMCG_SYSFS_ON.
Enabling this can lead to a very high number of debug
directories and files being created under
/sys/kernel/slub.
slub_max_order= [MM, SLUB]
Determines the maximum allowed order for slabs.
A high setting may cause OOMs due to memory
@@ -3811,10 +3844,11 @@
it if 0 is given (See Documentation/cgroup-v1/memory.txt)
swiotlb= [ARM,IA-64,PPC,MIPS,X86]
Format: { <int> | force }
Format: { <int> | force | noforce }
<int> -- Number of I/O TLB slabs
force -- force using of bounce buffers even if they
wouldn't be automatically used by the kernel
noforce -- Never use bounce buffers (for debugging)
switches= [HW,M68k]

5
Documentation/admin-guide/md.rst
View File

@@ -725,3 +725,8 @@ These currently include:
to 1. Setting this to 0 disables bypass accounting and
requires preread stripes to wait until all full-width stripe-
writes are complete. Valid values are 0 to stripe_cache_size.
journal_mode (currently raid5 only)
The cache mode for raid5. raid5 could include an extra disk for
caching. The mode can be "write-throuth" and "write-back". The
default is "write-through".

22
Documentation/admin-guide/ras.rst
View File

@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ That defines some categories of errors:
still run, eventually replacing the affected hardware by a hot spare,
if available.
Also, when an error happens on an userspace process, it is also possible to
Also, when an error happens on a userspace process, it is also possible to
kill such process and let userspace restart it.
The mechanism for handling non-fatal errors is usually complex and may
@@ -438,11 +438,13 @@ A typical EDAC system has the following structure under
│   │   ├── ce_count
│   │   ├── ce_noinfo_count
│   │   ├── dimm0
│   │   │   ├── dimm_ce_count
│   │   │   ├── dimm_dev_type
│   │   │   ├── dimm_edac_mode
│   │   │   ├── dimm_label
│   │   │   ├── dimm_location
│   │   │   ├── dimm_mem_type
│   │   │   ├── dimm_ue_count
│   │   │   ├── size
│   │   │   └── uevent
│   │   ├── max_location
@@ -457,11 +459,13 @@ A typical EDAC system has the following structure under
│   │   ├── ce_count
│   │   ├── ce_noinfo_count
│   │   ├── dimm0
│   │   │   ├── dimm_ce_count
│   │   │   ├── dimm_dev_type
│   │   │   ├── dimm_edac_mode
│   │   │   ├── dimm_label
│   │   │   ├── dimm_location
│   │   │   ├── dimm_mem_type
│   │   │   ├── dimm_ue_count
│   │   │   ├── size
│   │   │   └── uevent
│   │   ├── max_location
@@ -483,6 +487,22 @@ this ``X`` memory module:
This attribute file displays, in count of megabytes, the memory
that this csrow contains.
- ``dimm_ue_count`` - Uncorrectable Errors count attribute file
This attribute file displays the total count of uncorrectable
errors that have occurred on this DIMM. If panic_on_ue is set
this counter will not have a chance to increment, since EDAC
will panic the system.
- ``dimm_ce_count`` - Correctable Errors count attribute file
This attribute file displays the total count of correctable
errors that have occurred on this DIMM. This count is very
important to examine. CEs provide early indications that a
DIMM is beginning to fail. This count field should be
monitored for non-zero values and report such information
to the system administrator.
- ``dimm_dev_type`` - Device type attribute file
This attribute file will display what type of DRAM device is

8
Documentation/arm/sunxi/README
View File

@@ -63,10 +63,18 @@ SunXi family
+ User Manual
http://dl.linux-sunxi.org/A33/A33%20user%20manual%20release%201.1.pdf
- Allwinner H2+ (sun8i)
+ No document available now, but is known to be working properly with
H3 drivers and memory map.
- Allwinner H3 (sun8i)
+ Datasheet
http://dl.linux-sunxi.org/H3/Allwinner_H3_Datasheet_V1.0.pdf
- Allwinner V3s (sun8i)
+ Datasheet
http://linux-sunxi.org/File:Allwinner_V3s_Datasheet_V1.0.pdf
* Quad ARM Cortex-A15, Quad ARM Cortex-A7 based SoCs
- Allwinner A80
+ Datasheet

240
Documentation/arm64/cpu-feature-registers.txt Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,240 @@
ARM64 CPU Feature Registers
===========================
Author: Suzuki K Poulose <suzuki.poulose@arm.com>
This file describes the ABI for exporting the AArch64 CPU ID/feature
registers to userspace. The availability of this ABI is advertised
via the HWCAP_CPUID in HWCAPs.
1. Motivation
---------------
The ARM architecture defines a set of feature registers, which describe
the capabilities of the CPU/system. Access to these system registers is
restricted from EL0 and there is no reliable way for an application to
extract this information to make better decisions at runtime. There is
limited information available to the application via HWCAPs, however
there are some issues with their usage.
a) Any change to the HWCAPs requires an update to userspace (e.g libc)
to detect the new changes, which can take a long time to appear in
distributions. Exposing the registers allows applications to get the
information without requiring updates to the toolchains.
b) Access to HWCAPs is sometimes limited (e.g prior to libc, or
when ld is initialised at startup time).
c) HWCAPs cannot represent non-boolean information effectively. The
architecture defines a canonical format for representing features
in the ID registers; this is well defined and is capable of
representing all valid architecture variations.
2. Requirements
-----------------
a) Safety :
Applications should be able to use the information provided by the
infrastructure to run safely across the system. This has greater
implications on a system with heterogeneous CPUs.
The infrastructure exports a value that is safe across all the
available CPU on the system.
e.g, If at least one CPU doesn't implement CRC32 instructions, while
others do, we should report that the CRC32 is not implemented.
Otherwise an application could crash when scheduled on the CPU
which doesn't support CRC32.
b) Security :
Applications should only be able to receive information that is
relevant to the normal operation in userspace. Hence, some of the
fields are masked out(i.e, made invisible) and their values are set to
indicate the feature is 'not supported'. See Section 4 for the list
of visible features. Also, the kernel may manipulate the fields
based on what it supports. e.g, If FP is not supported by the
kernel, the values could indicate that the FP is not available
(even when the CPU provides it).
c) Implementation Defined Features
The infrastructure doesn't expose any register which is
IMPLEMENTATION DEFINED as per ARMv8-A Architecture.
d) CPU Identification :
MIDR_EL1 is exposed to help identify the processor. On a
heterogeneous system, this could be racy (just like getcpu()). The
process could be migrated to another CPU by the time it uses the
register value, unless the CPU affinity is set. Hence, there is no
guarantee that the value reflects the processor that it is
currently executing on. The REVIDR is not exposed due to this
constraint, as REVIDR makes sense only in conjunction with the
MIDR. Alternately, MIDR_EL1 and REVIDR_EL1 are exposed via sysfs
at:
/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu$ID/regs/identification/
\- midr
\- revidr
3. Implementation
--------------------
The infrastructure is built on the emulation of the 'MRS' instruction.
Accessing a restricted system register from an application generates an
exception and ends up in SIGILL being delivered to the process.
The infrastructure hooks into the exception handler and emulates the
operation if the source belongs to the supported system register space.
The infrastructure emulates only the following system register space:
Op0=3, Op1=0, CRn=0, CRm=0,4,5,6,7
(See Table C5-6 'System instruction encodings for non-Debug System
register accesses' in ARMv8 ARM DDI 0487A.h, for the list of
registers).
The following rules are applied to the value returned by the
infrastructure:
a) The value of an 'IMPLEMENTATION DEFINED' field is set to 0.
b) The value of a reserved field is populated with the reserved
value as defined by the architecture.
c) The value of a 'visible' field holds the system wide safe value
for the particular feature (except for MIDR_EL1, see section 4).
d) All other fields (i.e, invisible fields) are set to indicate
the feature is missing (as defined by the architecture).
4. List of registers with visible features
-------------------------------------------
1) ID_AA64ISAR0_EL1 - Instruction Set Attribute Register 0
x--------------------------------------------------x
| Name | bits | visible |
|--------------------------------------------------|
| RES0 | [63-32] | n |
|--------------------------------------------------|
| RDM | [31-28] | y |
|--------------------------------------------------|
| ATOMICS | [23-20] | y |
|--------------------------------------------------|
| CRC32 | [19-16] | y |
|--------------------------------------------------|
| SHA2 | [15-12] | y |
|--------------------------------------------------|
| SHA1 | [11-8] | y |
|--------------------------------------------------|
| AES | [7-4] | y |
|--------------------------------------------------|
| RES0 | [3-0] | n |
x--------------------------------------------------x
2) ID_AA64PFR0_EL1 - Processor Feature Register 0
x--------------------------------------------------x
| Name | bits | visible |
|--------------------------------------------------|
| RES0 | [63-28] | n |
|--------------------------------------------------|
| GIC | [27-24] | n |
|--------------------------------------------------|
| AdvSIMD | [23-20] | y |
|--------------------------------------------------|
| FP | [19-16] | y |
|--------------------------------------------------|
| EL3 | [15-12] | n |
|--------------------------------------------------|
| EL2 | [11-8] | n |
|--------------------------------------------------|
| EL1 | [7-4] | n |
|--------------------------------------------------|
| EL0 | [3-0] | n |
x--------------------------------------------------x
3) MIDR_EL1 - Main ID Register
x--------------------------------------------------x
| Name | bits | visible |
|--------------------------------------------------|
| Implementer | [31-24] | y |
|--------------------------------------------------|
| Variant | [23-20] | y |
|--------------------------------------------------|
| Architecture | [19-16] | y |
|--------------------------------------------------|
| PartNum | [15-4] | y |
|--------------------------------------------------|
| Revision | [3-0] | y |
x--------------------------------------------------x
NOTE: The 'visible' fields of MIDR_EL1 will contain the value
as available on the CPU where it is fetched and is not a system
wide safe value.
Appendix I: Example
---------------------------
/*
* Sample program to demonstrate the MRS emulation ABI.
*
* Copyright (C) 2015-2016, ARM Ltd
*
* Author: Suzuki K Poulose <suzuki.poulose@arm.com>
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
* published by the Free Software Foundation.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
* published by the Free Software Foundation.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*/
#include <asm/hwcap.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/auxv.h>
#define get_cpu_ftr(id) ({ \
unsigned long __val; \
asm("mrs %0, "#id : "=r" (__val)); \
printf("%-20s: 0x%016lx\n", #id, __val); \
})
int main(void)
{
if (!(getauxval(AT_HWCAP) & HWCAP_CPUID)) {
fputs("CPUID registers unavailable\n", stderr);
return 1;
}
get_cpu_ftr(ID_AA64ISAR0_EL1);
get_cpu_ftr(ID_AA64ISAR1_EL1);
get_cpu_ftr(ID_AA64MMFR0_EL1);
get_cpu_ftr(ID_AA64MMFR1_EL1);
get_cpu_ftr(ID_AA64PFR0_EL1);
get_cpu_ftr(ID_AA64PFR1_EL1);
get_cpu_ftr(ID_AA64DFR0_EL1);
get_cpu_ftr(ID_AA64DFR1_EL1);
get_cpu_ftr(MIDR_EL1);
get_cpu_ftr(MPIDR_EL1);
get_cpu_ftr(REVIDR_EL1);
#if 0
/* Unexposed register access causes SIGILL */
get_cpu_ftr(ID_MMFR0_EL1);
#endif
return 0;
}

47
Documentation/arm64/silicon-errata.txt
View File

@@ -42,24 +42,29 @@ file acts as a registry of software workarounds in the Linux Kernel and
will be updated when new workarounds are committed and backported to
stable kernels.
| Implementor | Component | Erratum ID | Kconfig |
+----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-------------------------+
| ARM | Cortex-A53 | #826319 | ARM64_ERRATUM_826319 |
| ARM | Cortex-A53 | #827319 | ARM64_ERRATUM_827319 |
| ARM | Cortex-A53 | #824069 | ARM64_ERRATUM_824069 |
| ARM | Cortex-A53 | #819472 | ARM64_ERRATUM_819472 |
| ARM | Cortex-A53 | #845719 | ARM64_ERRATUM_845719 |
| ARM | Cortex-A53 | #843419 | ARM64_ERRATUM_843419 |
| ARM | Cortex-A57 | #832075 | ARM64_ERRATUM_832075 |
| ARM | Cortex-A57 | #852523 | N/A |
| ARM | Cortex-A57 | #834220 | ARM64_ERRATUM_834220 |
| ARM | Cortex-A72 | #853709 | N/A |
| ARM | MMU-500 | #841119,#826419 | N/A |
| | | | |
| Cavium | ThunderX ITS | #22375, #24313 | CAVIUM_ERRATUM_22375 |
| Cavium | ThunderX ITS | #23144 | CAVIUM_ERRATUM_23144 |
| Cavium | ThunderX GICv3 | #23154 | CAVIUM_ERRATUM_23154 |
| Cavium | ThunderX Core | #27456 | CAVIUM_ERRATUM_27456 |
| Cavium | ThunderX SMMUv2 | #27704 | N/A |
| | | | |
| Freescale/NXP | LS2080A/LS1043A | A-008585 | FSL_ERRATUM_A008585 |
| Implementor | Component | Erratum ID | Kconfig |
+----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------------------+
| ARM | Cortex-A53 | #826319 | ARM64_ERRATUM_826319 |
| ARM | Cortex-A53 | #827319 | ARM64_ERRATUM_827319 |
| ARM | Cortex-A53 | #824069 | ARM64_ERRATUM_824069 |
| ARM | Cortex-A53 | #819472 | ARM64_ERRATUM_819472 |
| ARM | Cortex-A53 | #845719 | ARM64_ERRATUM_845719 |
| ARM | Cortex-A53 | #843419 | ARM64_ERRATUM_843419 |
| ARM | Cortex-A57 | #832075 | ARM64_ERRATUM_832075 |
| ARM | Cortex-A57 | #852523 | N/A |
| ARM | Cortex-A57 | #834220 | ARM64_ERRATUM_834220 |
| ARM | Cortex-A72 | #853709 | N/A |
| ARM | MMU-500 | #841119,#826419 | N/A |
| | | | |
| Cavium | ThunderX ITS | #22375, #24313 | CAVIUM_ERRATUM_22375 |
| Cavium | ThunderX ITS | #23144 | CAVIUM_ERRATUM_23144 |
| Cavium | ThunderX GICv3 | #23154 | CAVIUM_ERRATUM_23154 |
| Cavium | ThunderX Core | #27456 | CAVIUM_ERRATUM_27456 |
| Cavium | ThunderX SMMUv2 | #27704 | N/A |
| | | | |
| Freescale/NXP | LS2080A/LS1043A | A-008585 | FSL_ERRATUM_A008585 |
| | | | |
| Hisilicon | Hip0{5,6,7} | #161010101 | HISILICON_ERRATUM_161010101 |
| | | | |
| Qualcomm Tech. | Falkor v1 | E1003 | QCOM_FALKOR_ERRATUM_1003 |
| Qualcomm Tech. | Falkor v1 | E1009 | QCOM_FALKOR_ERRATUM_1009 |

6
Documentation/block/queue-sysfs.txt
View File

@@ -54,9 +54,9 @@ This is the hardware sector size of the device, in bytes.
io_poll (RW)
------------
When read, this file shows the total number of block IO polls and how
many returned success. Writing '0' to this file will disable polling
for this device. Writing any non-zero value will enable this feature.
When read, this file shows whether polling is enabled (1) or disabled
(0). Writing '0' to this file will disable polling for this device.
Writing any non-zero value will enable this feature.
io_poll_delay (RW)
------------------

2
Documentation/blockdev/mflash.txt
View File

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ driver and currently works well under standard IDE subsystem. Actually it's
one chip SSD. IO mode is ATA-like custom mode for the host that doesn't have
IDE interface.
Followings are brief descriptions about IO mode.
Following are brief descriptions about IO mode.
A. IO mode based on ATA protocol and uses some custom command. (read confirm,
write confirm)
B. IO mode uses SRAM bus interface.

74
Documentation/blockdev/zram.txt
View File

@@ -161,42 +161,14 @@ Name access description
disksize RW show and set the device's disk size
initstate RO shows the initialization state of the device
reset WO trigger device reset
num_reads RO the number of reads
failed_reads RO the number of failed reads
num_write RO the number of writes
failed_writes RO the number of failed writes
invalid_io RO the number of non-page-size-aligned I/O requests
mem_used_max WO reset the `mem_used_max' counter (see later)
mem_limit WO specifies the maximum amount of memory ZRAM can use
to store the compressed data
max_comp_streams RW the number of possible concurrent compress operations
comp_algorithm RW show and change the compression algorithm
notify_free RO the number of notifications to free pages (either
slot free notifications or REQ_DISCARD requests)
zero_pages RO the number of zero filled pages written to this disk
orig_data_size RO uncompressed size of data stored in this disk
compr_data_size RO compressed size of data stored in this disk
mem_used_total RO the amount of memory allocated for this disk
mem_used_max RW the maximum amount of memory zram have consumed to
store the data (to reset this counter to the actual
current value, write 1 to this attribute)
mem_limit RW the maximum amount of memory ZRAM can use to store
the compressed data
pages_compacted RO the number of pages freed during compaction
(available only via zram<id>/mm_stat node)
compact WO trigger memory compaction
debug_stat RO this file is used for zram debugging purposes
WARNING
=======
per-stat sysfs attributes are considered to be deprecated.
The basic strategy is:
-- the existing RW nodes will be downgraded to WO nodes (in linux 4.11)
-- deprecated RO sysfs nodes will eventually be removed (in linux 4.11)
The list of deprecated attributes can be found here:
Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-block-zram
Basically, every attribute that has its own read accessible sysfs node
(e.g. num_reads) *AND* is accessible via one of the stat files (zram<id>/stat
or zram<id>/io_stat or zram<id>/mm_stat) is considered to be deprecated.
User space is advised to use the following files to read the device statistics.
@@ -211,22 +183,40 @@ The stat file represents device's I/O statistics not accounted by block
layer and, thus, not available in zram<id>/stat file. It consists of a
single line of text and contains the following stats separated by
whitespace:
failed_reads
failed_writes
invalid_io
notify_free
failed_reads the number of failed reads
failed_writes the number of failed writes
invalid_io the number of non-page-size-aligned I/O requests
notify_free Depending on device usage scenario it may account
a) the number of pages freed because of swap slot free
notifications or b) the number of pages freed because of
REQ_DISCARD requests sent by bio. The former ones are
sent to a swap block device when a swap slot is freed,
which implies that this disk is being used as a swap disk.
The latter ones are sent by filesystem mounted with
discard option, whenever some data blocks are getting
discarded.
File /sys/block/zram<id>/mm_stat
The stat file represents device's mm statistics. It consists of a single
line of text and contains the following stats separated by whitespace:
orig_data_size
compr_data_size
mem_used_total
mem_limit
mem_used_max
zero_pages
num_migrated
orig_data_size uncompressed size of data stored in this disk.
This excludes same-element-filled pages (same_pages) since
no memory is allocated for them.
Unit: bytes
compr_data_size compressed size of data stored in this disk
mem_used_total the amount of memory allocated for this disk. This
includes allocator fragmentation and metadata overhead,
allocated for this disk. So, allocator space efficiency
can be calculated using compr_data_size and this statistic.
Unit: bytes
mem_limit the maximum amount of memory ZRAM can use to store
the compressed data
mem_used_max the maximum amount of memory zram have consumed to
store the data
same_pages the number of same element filled pages written to this disk.
No memory is allocated for such pages.
pages_compacted the number of pages freed during compaction
9) Deactivate:
swapoff /dev/zram0

9
Documentation/cdrom/cdrom-standard.tex
View File

@@ -249,7 +249,6 @@ struct& cdrom_device_ops\ \{ \hidewidth\cr
unsigned\ long);\cr
\noalign{\medskip}
&const\ int& capability;& capability flags \cr
&int& n_minors;& number of active minor devices \cr
\};\cr
}
$$
@@ -258,13 +257,7 @@ it should add a function pointer to this $struct$. When a particular
function is not implemented, however, this $struct$ should contain a
NULL instead. The $capability$ flags specify the capabilities of the
\cdrom\ hardware and/or low-level \cdrom\ driver when a \cdrom\ drive
is registered with the \UCD. The value $n_minors$ should be a positive
value indicating the number of minor devices that are supported by
the low-level device driver, normally~1. Although these two variables
are `informative' rather than `operational,' they are included in
$cdrom_device_ops$ because they describe the capability of the {\em
driver\/} rather than the {\em drive}. Nomenclature has always been
difficult in computer programming.
is registered with the \UCD.
Note that most functions have fewer parameters than their
$blkdev_fops$ counterparts. This is because very little of the

109
Documentation/cgroup-v1/rdma.txt Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
RDMA Controller
----------------
Contents
--------
1. Overview
1-1. What is RDMA controller?
1-2. Why RDMA controller needed?
1-3. How is RDMA controller implemented?
2. Usage Examples
1. Overview
1-1. What is RDMA controller?
-----------------------------
RDMA controller allows user to limit RDMA/IB specific resources that a given
set of processes can use. These processes are grouped using RDMA controller.
RDMA controller defines two resources which can be limited for processes of a
cgroup.
1-2. Why RDMA controller needed?
--------------------------------
Currently user space applications can easily take away all the rdma verb
specific resources such as AH, CQ, QP, MR etc. Due to which other applications
in other cgroup or kernel space ULPs may not even get chance to allocate any
rdma resources. This can leads to service unavailability.
Therefore RDMA controller is needed through which resource consumption
of processes can be limited. Through this controller different rdma
resources can be accounted.
1-3. How is RDMA controller implemented?
----------------------------------------
RDMA cgroup allows limit configuration of resources. Rdma cgroup maintains
resource accounting per cgroup, per device using resource pool structure.
Each such resource pool is limited up to 64 resources in given resource pool
by rdma cgroup, which can be extended later if required.
This resource pool object is linked to the cgroup css. Typically there
are 0 to 4 resource pool instances per cgroup, per device in most use cases.
But nothing limits to have it more. At present hundreds of RDMA devices per
single cgroup may not be handled optimally, however there is no
known use case or requirement for such configuration either.
Since RDMA resources can be allocated from any process and can be freed by any
of the child processes which shares the address space, rdma resources are
always owned by the creator cgroup css. This allows process migration from one
to other cgroup without major complexity of transferring resource ownership;
because such ownership is not really present due to shared nature of
rdma resources. Linking resources around css also ensures that cgroups can be
deleted after processes migrated. This allow progress migration as well with
active resources, even though that is not a primary use case.
Whenever RDMA resource charging occurs, owner rdma cgroup is returned to
the caller. Same rdma cgroup should be passed while uncharging the resource.
This also allows process migrated with active RDMA resource to charge
to new owner cgroup for new resource. It also allows to uncharge resource of
a process from previously charged cgroup which is migrated to new cgroup,
even though that is not a primary use case.
Resource pool object is created in following situations.
(a) User sets the limit and no previous resource pool exist for the device
of interest for the cgroup.
(b) No resource limits were configured, but IB/RDMA stack tries to
charge the resource. So that it correctly uncharge them when applications are
running without limits and later on when limits are enforced during uncharging,
otherwise usage count will drop to negative.
Resource pool is destroyed if all the resource limits are set to max and
it is the last resource getting deallocated.
User should set all the limit to max value if it intents to remove/unconfigure
the resource pool for a particular device.
IB stack honors limits enforced by the rdma controller. When application
query about maximum resource limits of IB device, it returns minimum of
what is configured by user for a given cgroup and what is supported by
IB device.
Following resources can be accounted by rdma controller.
hca_handle Maximum number of HCA Handles
hca_object Maximum number of HCA Objects
2. Usage Examples
-----------------
(a) Configure resource limit:
echo mlx4_0 hca_handle=2 hca_object=2000 > /sys/fs/cgroup/rdma/1/rdma.max
echo ocrdma1 hca_handle=3 > /sys/fs/cgroup/rdma/2/rdma.max
(b) Query resource limit:
cat /sys/fs/cgroup/rdma/2/rdma.max
#Output:
mlx4_0 hca_handle=2 hca_object=2000
ocrdma1 hca_handle=3 hca_object=max
(c) Query current usage:
cat /sys/fs/cgroup/rdma/2/rdma.current
#Output:
mlx4_0 hca_handle=1 hca_object=20
ocrdma1 hca_handle=1 hca_object=23
(d) Delete resource limit:
echo echo mlx4_0 hca_handle=max hca_object=max > /sys/fs/cgroup/rdma/1/rdma.max

103
Documentation/cgroup-v2.txt
View File

@@ -47,6 +47,12 @@ CONTENTS
5-3. IO
5-3-1. IO Interface Files
5-3-2. Writeback
5-4. PID
5-4-1. PID Interface Files
5-5. RDMA
5-5-1. RDMA Interface Files
5-6. Misc
5-6-1. perf_event
6. Namespace
6-1. Basics
6-2. The Root and Views
@@ -328,14 +334,12 @@ a process with a non-root euid to migrate a target process into a
cgroup by writing its PID to the "cgroup.procs" file, the following
conditions must be met.
- The writer's euid must match either uid or suid of the target process.
- The writer must have write access to the "cgroup.procs" file.
- The writer must have write access to the "cgroup.procs" file of the
common ancestor of the source and destination cgroups.
The above three constraints ensure that while a delegatee may migrate
The above two constraints ensure that while a delegatee may migrate
processes around freely in the delegated sub-hierarchy it can't pull
in from or push out to outside the sub-hierarchy.
@@ -350,10 +354,10 @@ all processes under C0 and C1 belong to U0.
Let's also say U0 wants to write the PID of a process which is
currently in C10 into "C00/cgroup.procs". U0 has write access to the
file and uid match on the process; however, the common ancestor of the
source cgroup C10 and the destination cgroup C00 is above the points
of delegation and U0 would not have write access to its "cgroup.procs"
files and thus the write will be denied with -EACCES.
file; however, the common ancestor of the source cgroup C10 and the
destination cgroup C00 is above the points of delegation and U0 would
not have write access to its "cgroup.procs" files and thus the write
will be denied with -EACCES.
2-6. Guidelines
@@ -1119,6 +1123,91 @@ writeback as follows.
vm.dirty[_background]_ratio.
5-4. PID
The process number controller is used to allow a cgroup to stop any
new tasks from being fork()'d or clone()'d after a specified limit is
reached.
The number of tasks in a cgroup can be exhausted in ways which other
controllers cannot prevent, thus warranting its own controller. For
example, a fork bomb is likely to exhaust the number of tasks before
hitting memory restrictions.
Note that PIDs used in this controller refer to TIDs, process IDs as
used by the kernel.
5-4-1. PID Interface Files
pids.max
A read-write single value file which exists on non-root cgroups. The
default is "max".
Hard limit of number of processes.
pids.current
A read-only single value file which exists on all cgroups.
The number of processes currently in the cgroup and its descendants.
Organisational operations are not blocked by cgroup policies, so it is
possible to have pids.current > pids.max. This can be done by either
setting the limit to be smaller than pids.current, or attaching enough
processes to the cgroup such that pids.current is larger than
pids.max. However, it is not possible to violate a cgroup PID policy
through fork() or clone(). These will return -EAGAIN if the creation
of a new process would cause a cgroup policy to be violated.
5-5. RDMA
The "rdma" controller regulates the distribution and accounting of
of RDMA resources.
5-5-1. RDMA Interface Files
rdma.max
A readwrite nested-keyed file that exists for all the cgroups
except root that describes current configured resource limit
for a RDMA/IB device.
Lines are keyed by device name and are not ordered.
Each line contains space separated resource name and its configured
limit that can be distributed.
The following nested keys are defined.
hca_handle Maximum number of HCA Handles
hca_object Maximum number of HCA Objects
An example for mlx4 and ocrdma device follows.
mlx4_0 hca_handle=2 hca_object=2000
ocrdma1 hca_handle=3 hca_object=max
rdma.current
A read-only file that describes current resource usage.
It exists for all the cgroup except root.
An example for mlx4 and ocrdma device follows.
mlx4_0 hca_handle=1 hca_object=20
ocrdma1 hca_handle=1 hca_object=23
5-6. Misc
5-6-1. perf_event
perf_event controller, if not mounted on a legacy hierarchy, is
automatically enabled on the v2 hierarchy so that perf events can
always be filtered by cgroup v2 path. The controller can still be
moved to a legacy hierarchy after v2 hierarchy is populated.
6. Namespace
6-1. Basics

24
Documentation/cpu-freq/core.txt
View File

@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@
Dominik Brodowski <linux@brodo.de>
David Kimdon <dwhedon@debian.org>
Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
@@ -36,10 +38,11 @@ speed limits (like LCD drivers on ARM architecture). Additionally, the
kernel "constant" loops_per_jiffy is updated on frequency changes
here.
Reference counting is done by cpufreq_get_cpu and cpufreq_put_cpu,
which make sure that the cpufreq processor driver is correctly
registered with the core, and will not be unloaded until
cpufreq_put_cpu is called.
Reference counting of the cpufreq policies is done by cpufreq_cpu_get
and cpufreq_cpu_put, which make sure that the cpufreq driver is
correctly registered with the core, and will not be unloaded until
cpufreq_put_cpu is called. That also ensures that the respective cpufreq
policy doesn't get freed while being used.
2. CPUFreq notifiers
====================
@@ -69,18 +72,16 @@ CPUFreq policy notifier is called twice for a policy transition:
The phase is specified in the second argument to the notifier.
The third argument, a void *pointer, points to a struct cpufreq_policy
consisting of five values: cpu, min, max, policy and max_cpu_freq. min
and max are the lower and upper frequencies (in kHz) of the new
policy, policy the new policy, cpu the number of the affected CPU; and
max_cpu_freq the maximum supported CPU frequency. This value is given
for informational purposes only.
consisting of several values, including min, max (the lower and upper
frequencies (in kHz) of the new policy).
2.2 CPUFreq transition notifiers
--------------------------------
These are notified twice when the CPUfreq driver switches the CPU core
frequency and this change has any external implications.
These are notified twice for each online CPU in the policy, when the
CPUfreq driver switches the CPU core frequency and this change has no
any external implications.
The second argument specifies the phase - CPUFREQ_PRECHANGE or
CPUFREQ_POSTCHANGE.
@@ -90,6 +91,7 @@ values:
cpu - number of the affected CPU
old - old frequency
new - new frequency
flags - flags of the cpufreq driver
3. CPUFreq Table Generation with Operating Performance Point (OPP)
==================================================================

171
Documentation/cpu-freq/cpu-drivers.txt
View File

@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@
Dominik Brodowski <linux@brodo.de>
Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
@@ -49,49 +51,65 @@ using cpufreq_register_driver()
What shall this struct cpufreq_driver contain?
cpufreq_driver.name - The name of this driver.
.name - The name of this driver.
cpufreq_driver.init - A pointer to the per-CPU initialization
function.
.init - A pointer to the per-policy initialization function.
cpufreq_driver.verify - A pointer to a "verification" function.
.verify - A pointer to a "verification" function.
cpufreq_driver.setpolicy _or_
cpufreq_driver.target/
target_index - See below on the differences.
.setpolicy _or_ .fast_switch _or_ .target _or_ .target_index - See
below on the differences.
And optionally
cpufreq_driver.exit - A pointer to a per-CPU cleanup
function called during CPU_POST_DEAD
phase of cpu hotplug process.
.flags - Hints for the cpufreq core.
cpufreq_driver.stop_cpu - A pointer to a per-CPU stop function
called during CPU_DOWN_PREPARE phase of
cpu hotplug process.
.driver_data - cpufreq driver specific data.
cpufreq_driver.resume - A pointer to a per-CPU resume function
which is called with interrupts disabled
and _before_ the pre-suspend frequency
and/or policy is restored by a call to
->target/target_index or ->setpolicy.
.resolve_freq - Returns the most appropriate frequency for a target
frequency. Doesn't change the frequency though.
cpufreq_driver.attr - A pointer to a NULL-terminated list of
"struct freq_attr" which allow to
export values to sysfs.
.get_intermediate and target_intermediate - Used to switch to stable
frequency while changing CPU frequency.
cpufreq_driver.get_intermediate
and target_intermediate Used to switch to stable frequency while
changing CPU frequency.
.get - Returns current frequency of the CPU.
.bios_limit - Returns HW/BIOS max frequency limitations for the CPU.
.exit - A pointer to a per-policy cleanup function called during
CPU_POST_DEAD phase of cpu hotplug process.
.stop_cpu - A pointer to a per-policy stop function called during
CPU_DOWN_PREPARE phase of cpu hotplug process.
.suspend - A pointer to a per-policy suspend function which is called
with interrupts disabled and _after_ the governor is stopped for the
policy.
.resume - A pointer to a per-policy resume function which is called
with interrupts disabled and _before_ the governor is started again.
.ready - A pointer to a per-policy ready function which is called after
the policy is fully initialized.
.attr - A pointer to a NULL-terminated list of "struct freq_attr" which
allow to export values to sysfs.
.boost_enabled - If set, boost frequencies are enabled.
.set_boost - A pointer to a per-policy function to enable/disable boost
frequencies.
1.2 Per-CPU Initialization
--------------------------
Whenever a new CPU is registered with the device model, or after the
cpufreq driver registers itself, the per-CPU initialization function
cpufreq_driver.init is called. It takes a struct cpufreq_policy
*policy as argument. What to do now?
cpufreq driver registers itself, the per-policy initialization function
cpufreq_driver.init is called if no cpufreq policy existed for the CPU.
Note that the .init() and .exit() routines are called only once for the
policy and not for each CPU managed by the policy. It takes a struct
cpufreq_policy *policy as argument. What to do now?
If necessary, activate the CPUfreq support on your CPU.
@@ -117,47 +135,45 @@ policy->governor must contain the "default policy" for
cpufreq_driver.setpolicy or
cpufreq_driver.target/target_index is called
with these values.
policy->cpus Update this with the masks of the
(online + offline) CPUs that do DVFS
along with this CPU (i.e. that share
clock/voltage rails with it).
For setting some of these values (cpuinfo.min[max]_freq, policy->min[max]), the
frequency table helpers might be helpful. See the section 2 for more information
on them.
SMP systems normally have same clock source for a group of cpus. For these the
.init() would be called only once for the first online cpu. Here the .init()
routine must initialize policy->cpus with mask of all possible cpus (Online +
Offline) that share the clock. Then the core would copy this mask onto
policy->related_cpus and will reset policy->cpus to carry only online cpus.
1.3 verify
------------
----------
When the user decides a new policy (consisting of
"policy,governor,min,max") shall be set, this policy must be validated
so that incompatible values can be corrected. For verifying these
values, a frequency table helper and/or the
cpufreq_verify_within_limits(struct cpufreq_policy *policy, unsigned
int min_freq, unsigned int max_freq) function might be helpful. See
section 2 for details on frequency table helpers.
values cpufreq_verify_within_limits(struct cpufreq_policy *policy,
unsigned int min_freq, unsigned int max_freq) function might be helpful.
See section 2 for details on frequency table helpers.
You need to make sure that at least one valid frequency (or operating
range) is within policy->min and policy->max. If necessary, increase
policy->max first, and only if this is no solution, decrease policy->min.
1.4 target/target_index or setpolicy?
----------------------------
1.4 target or target_index or setpolicy or fast_switch?
-------------------------------------------------------
Most cpufreq drivers or even most cpu frequency scaling algorithms
only allow the CPU to be set to one frequency. For these, you use the
->target/target_index call.
only allow the CPU frequency to be set to predefined fixed values. For
these, you use the ->target(), ->target_index() or ->fast_switch()
callbacks.
Some cpufreq-capable processors switch the frequency between certain
limits on their own. These shall use the ->setpolicy call
Some cpufreq capable processors switch the frequency between certain
limits on their own. These shall use the ->setpolicy() callback.
1.5. target/target_index
-------------
------------------------
The target_index call has two arguments: struct cpufreq_policy *policy,
and unsigned int index (into the exposed frequency table).
@@ -186,9 +202,20 @@ actual frequency must be determined using the following rules:
Here again the frequency table helper might assist you - see section 2
for details.
1.6. fast_switch
----------------
1.6 setpolicy
---------------
This function is used for frequency switching from scheduler's context.
Not all drivers are expected to implement it, as sleeping from within
this callback isn't allowed. This callback must be highly optimized to
do switching as fast as possible.
This function has two arguments: struct cpufreq_policy *policy and
unsigned int target_frequency.
1.7 setpolicy
-------------
The setpolicy call only takes a struct cpufreq_policy *policy as
argument. You need to set the lower limit of the in-processor or
@@ -198,7 +225,7 @@ setting when policy->policy is CPUFREQ_POLICY_PERFORMANCE, and a
powersaving-oriented setting when CPUFREQ_POLICY_POWERSAVE. Also check
the reference implementation in drivers/cpufreq/longrun.c
1.7 get_intermediate and target_intermediate
1.8 get_intermediate and target_intermediate
--------------------------------------------
Only for drivers with target_index() and CPUFREQ_ASYNC_NOTIFICATION unset.
@@ -222,42 +249,36 @@ failures as core would send notifications for that.
As most cpufreq processors only allow for being set to a few specific
frequencies, a "frequency table" with some functions might assist in
some work of the processor driver. Such a "frequency table" consists
of an array of struct cpufreq_frequency_table entries, with any value in
"driver_data" you want to use, and the corresponding frequency in
"frequency". At the end of the table, you need to add a
cpufreq_frequency_table entry with frequency set to CPUFREQ_TABLE_END. And
if you want to skip one entry in the table, set the frequency to
CPUFREQ_ENTRY_INVALID. The entries don't need to be in ascending
order.
some work of the processor driver. Such a "frequency table" consists of
an array of struct cpufreq_frequency_table entries, with driver specific
values in "driver_data", the corresponding frequency in "frequency" and
flags set. At the end of the table, you need to add a
cpufreq_frequency_table entry with frequency set to CPUFREQ_TABLE_END.
And if you want to skip one entry in the table, set the frequency to
CPUFREQ_ENTRY_INVALID. The entries don't need to be in sorted in any
particular order, but if they are cpufreq core will do DVFS a bit
quickly for them as search for best match is faster.
By calling cpufreq_table_validate_and_show(struct cpufreq_policy *policy,
struct cpufreq_frequency_table *table);
the cpuinfo.min_freq and cpuinfo.max_freq values are detected, and
policy->min and policy->max are set to the same values. This is
helpful for the per-CPU initialization stage.
By calling cpufreq_table_validate_and_show(), the cpuinfo.min_freq and
cpuinfo.max_freq values are detected, and policy->min and policy->max
are set to the same values. This is helpful for the per-CPU
initialization stage.
int cpufreq_frequency_table_verify(struct cpufreq_policy *policy,
struct cpufreq_frequency_table *table);
assures that at least one valid frequency is within policy->min and
policy->max, and all other criteria are met. This is helpful for the
->verify call.
cpufreq_frequency_table_verify() assures that at least one valid
frequency is within policy->min and policy->max, and all other criteria
are met. This is helpful for the ->verify call.
int cpufreq_frequency_table_target(struct cpufreq_policy *policy,
unsigned int target_freq,
unsigned int relation);
is the corresponding frequency table helper for the ->target
stage. Just pass the values to this function, and this function
returns the number of the frequency table entry which contains
the frequency the CPU shall be set to.
cpufreq_frequency_table_target() is the corresponding frequency table
helper for the ->target stage. Just pass the values to this function,
and this function returns the of the frequency table entry which
contains the frequency the CPU shall be set to.
The following macros can be used as iterators over cpufreq_frequency_table:
cpufreq_for_each_entry(pos, table) - iterates over all entries of frequency
table.
cpufreq-for_each_valid_entry(pos, table) - iterates over all entries,
cpufreq_for_each_valid_entry(pos, table) - iterates over all entries,
excluding CPUFREQ_ENTRY_INVALID frequencies.
Use arguments "pos" - a cpufreq_frequency_table * as a loop cursor and
"table" - the cpufreq_frequency_table * you want to iterate over.

24
Documentation/cpu-freq/cpufreq-stats.txt
View File

@@ -34,10 +34,10 @@ cpufreq stats provides following statistics (explained in detail below).
- total_trans
- trans_table
All the statistics will be from the time the stats driver has been inserted
to the time when a read of a particular statistic is done. Obviously, stats
driver will not have any information about the frequency transitions before
the stats driver insertion.
All the statistics will be from the time the stats driver has been inserted
(or the time the stats were reset) to the time when a read of a particular
statistic is done. Obviously, stats driver will not have any information
about the frequency transitions before the stats driver insertion.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<mysystem>:/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/stats # ls -l
@@ -110,25 +110,13 @@ Config Main Menu
CPU Frequency scaling --->
[*] CPU Frequency scaling
[*] CPU frequency translation statistics
[*] CPU frequency translation statistics details
"CPU Frequency scaling" (CONFIG_CPU_FREQ) should be enabled to configure
cpufreq-stats.
"CPU frequency translation statistics" (CONFIG_CPU_FREQ_STAT) provides the
basic statistics which includes time_in_state and total_trans.
statistics which includes time_in_state, total_trans and trans_table.
"CPU frequency translation statistics details" (CONFIG_CPU_FREQ_STAT_DETAILS)
provides fine grained cpufreq stats by trans_table. The reason for having a
separate config option for trans_table is:
- trans_table goes against the traditional /sysfs rule of one value per
interface. It provides a whole bunch of value in a 2 dimensional matrix
form.
Once these two options are enabled and your CPU supports cpufrequency, you
Once this option is enabled and your CPU supports cpufrequency, you
will be able to see the CPU frequency statistics in /sysfs.

304
Documentation/cpu-freq/governors.txt
View File

@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@
Dominik Brodowski <linux@brodo.de>
some additions and corrections by Nico Golde <nico@ngolde.de>
Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
@@ -28,32 +30,27 @@ Contents:
2.3 Userspace
2.4 Ondemand
2.5 Conservative
2.6 Schedutil
3. The Governor Interface in the CPUfreq Core
4. References
1. What Is A CPUFreq Governor?
==============================
Most cpufreq drivers (except the intel_pstate and longrun) or even most
cpu frequency scaling algorithms only offer the CPU to be set to one
frequency. In order to offer dynamic frequency scaling, the cpufreq
core must be able to tell these drivers of a "target frequency". So
these specific drivers will be transformed to offer a "->target/target_index"
call instead of the existing "->setpolicy" call. For "longrun", all
stays the same, though.
cpu frequency scaling algorithms only allow the CPU frequency to be set
to predefined fixed values. In order to offer dynamic frequency
scaling, the cpufreq core must be able to tell these drivers of a
"target frequency". So these specific drivers will be transformed to
offer a "->target/target_index/fast_switch()" call instead of the
"->setpolicy()" call. For set_policy drivers, all stays the same,
though.
How to decide what frequency within the CPUfreq policy should be used?
That's done using "cpufreq governors". Two are already in this patch
-- they're the already existing "powersave" and "performance" which
set the frequency statically to the lowest or highest frequency,
respectively. At least two more such governors will be ready for
addition in the near future, but likely many more as there are various
different theories and models about dynamic frequency scaling
around. Using such a generic interface as cpufreq offers to scaling
governors, these can be tested extensively, and the best one can be
selected for each specific use.
That's done using "cpufreq governors".
Basically, it's the following flow graph:
@@ -71,7 +68,7 @@ CPU can be set to switch independently | CPU can only be set
/ the limits of policy->{min,max}
/ \
/ \
Using the ->setpolicy call, Using the ->target/target_index call,
Using the ->setpolicy call, Using the ->target/target_index/fast_switch call,
the limits and the the frequency closest
"policy" is set. to target_freq is set.
It is assured that it
@@ -109,114 +106,159 @@ directory.
2.4 Ondemand
------------
The CPUfreq governor "ondemand" sets the CPU depending on the
current usage. To do this the CPU must have the capability to
switch the frequency very quickly. There are a number of sysfs file
accessible parameters:
The CPUfreq governor "ondemand" sets the CPU frequency depending on the
current system load. Load estimation is triggered by the scheduler
through the update_util_data->func hook; when triggered, cpufreq checks
the CPU-usage statistics over the last period and the governor sets the
CPU accordingly. The CPU must have the capability to switch the
frequency very quickly.
sampling_rate: measured in uS (10^-6 seconds), this is how often you
want the kernel to look at the CPU usage and to make decisions on
what to do about the frequency. Typically this is set to values of
around '10000' or more. It's default value is (cmp. with users-guide.txt):
transition_latency * 1000
Be aware that transition latency is in ns and sampling_rate is in us, so you
get the same sysfs value by default.
Sampling rate should always get adjusted considering the transition latency
To set the sampling rate 750 times as high as the transition latency
in the bash (as said, 1000 is default), do:
echo `$(($(cat cpuinfo_transition_latency) * 750 / 1000)) \
>ondemand/sampling_rate
Sysfs files:
sampling_rate_min:
The sampling rate is limited by the HW transition latency:
transition_latency * 100
Or by kernel restrictions:
If CONFIG_NO_HZ_COMMON is set, the limit is 10ms fixed.
If CONFIG_NO_HZ_COMMON is not set or nohz=off boot parameter is used, the
limits depend on the CONFIG_HZ option:
HZ=1000: min=20000us (20ms)
HZ=250: min=80000us (80ms)
HZ=100: min=200000us (200ms)
The highest value of kernel and HW latency restrictions is shown and
used as the minimum sampling rate.
* sampling_rate:
up_threshold: defines what the average CPU usage between the samplings
of 'sampling_rate' needs to be for the kernel to make a decision on
whether it should increase the frequency. For example when it is set
to its default value of '95' it means that between the checking
intervals the CPU needs to be on average more than 95% in use to then
decide that the CPU frequency needs to be increased.
Measured in uS (10^-6 seconds), this is how often you want the kernel
to look at the CPU usage and to make decisions on what to do about the
frequency. Typically this is set to values of around '10000' or more.
It's default value is (cmp. with users-guide.txt): transition_latency
* 1000. Be aware that transition latency is in ns and sampling_rate
is in us, so you get the same sysfs value by default. Sampling rate
should always get adjusted considering the transition latency to set
the sampling rate 750 times as high as the transition latency in the
bash (as said, 1000 is default), do:
ignore_nice_load: this parameter takes a value of '0' or '1'. When
set to '0' (its default), all processes are counted towards the
'cpu utilisation' value. When set to '1', the processes that are
run with a 'nice' value will not count (and thus be ignored) in the
overall usage calculation. This is useful if you are running a CPU
intensive calculation on your laptop that you do not care how long it
takes to complete as you can 'nice' it and prevent it from taking part
in the deciding process of whether to increase your CPU frequency.
$ echo `$(($(cat cpuinfo_transition_latency) * 750 / 1000)) > ondemand/sampling_rate
sampling_down_factor: this parameter controls the rate at which the
kernel makes a decision on when to decrease the frequency while running
at top speed. When set to 1 (the default) decisions to reevaluate load
are made at the same interval regardless of current clock speed. But
when set to greater than 1 (e.g. 100) it acts as a multiplier for the
scheduling interval for reevaluating load when the CPU is at its top
speed due to high load. This improves performance by reducing the overhead
of load evaluation and helping the CPU stay at its top speed when truly
busy, rather than shifting back and forth in speed. This tunable has no
effect on behavior at lower speeds/lower CPU loads.
* sampling_rate_min:
powersave_bias: this parameter takes a value between 0 to 1000. It
defines the percentage (times 10) value of the target frequency that
will be shaved off of the target. For example, when set to 100 -- 10%,
when ondemand governor would have targeted 1000 MHz, it will target
1000 MHz - (10% of 1000 MHz) = 900 MHz instead. This is set to 0
(disabled) by default.
When AMD frequency sensitivity powersave bias driver --
drivers/cpufreq/amd_freq_sensitivity.c is loaded, this parameter
defines the workload frequency sensitivity threshold in which a lower
frequency is chosen instead of ondemand governor's original target.
The frequency sensitivity is a hardware reported (on AMD Family 16h
Processors and above) value between 0 to 100% that tells software how
the performance of the workload running on a CPU will change when
frequency changes. A workload with sensitivity of 0% (memory/IO-bound)
will not perform any better on higher core frequency, whereas a
workload with sensitivity of 100% (CPU-bound) will perform better
higher the frequency. When the driver is loaded, this is set to 400
by default -- for CPUs running workloads with sensitivity value below
40%, a lower frequency is chosen. Unloading the driver or writing 0
will disable this feature.
The sampling rate is limited by the HW transition latency:
transition_latency * 100
Or by kernel restrictions:
- If CONFIG_NO_HZ_COMMON is set, the limit is 10ms fixed.
- If CONFIG_NO_HZ_COMMON is not set or nohz=off boot parameter is
used, the limits depend on the CONFIG_HZ option:
HZ=1000: min=20000us (20ms)
HZ=250: min=80000us (80ms)
HZ=100: min=200000us (200ms)
The highest value of kernel and HW latency restrictions is shown and
used as the minimum sampling rate.
* up_threshold:
This defines what the average CPU usage between the samplings of
'sampling_rate' needs to be for the kernel to make a decision on
whether it should increase the frequency. For example when it is set
to its default value of '95' it means that between the checking
intervals the CPU needs to be on average more than 95% in use to then
decide that the CPU frequency needs to be increased.
* ignore_nice_load:
This parameter takes a value of '0' or '1'. When set to '0' (its
default), all processes are counted towards the 'cpu utilisation'
value. When set to '1', the processes that are run with a 'nice'
value will not count (and thus be ignored) in the overall usage
calculation. This is useful if you are running a CPU intensive
calculation on your laptop that you do not care how long it takes to
complete as you can 'nice' it and prevent it from taking part in the
deciding process of whether to increase your CPU frequency.
* sampling_down_factor:
This parameter controls the rate at which the kernel makes a decision
on when to decrease the frequency while running at top speed. When set
to 1 (the default) decisions to reevaluate load are made at the same
interval regardless of current clock speed. But when set to greater
than 1 (e.g. 100) it acts as a multiplier for the scheduling interval
for reevaluating load when the CPU is at its top speed due to high
load. This improves performance by reducing the overhead of load
evaluation and helping the CPU stay at its top speed when truly busy,
rather than shifting back and forth in speed. This tunable has no
effect on behavior at lower speeds/lower CPU loads.
* powersave_bias:
This parameter takes a value between 0 to 1000. It defines the
percentage (times 10) value of the target frequency that will be
shaved off of the target. For example, when set to 100 -- 10%, when
ondemand governor would have targeted 1000 MHz, it will target
1000 MHz - (10% of 1000 MHz) = 900 MHz instead. This is set to 0
(disabled) by default.
When AMD frequency sensitivity powersave bias driver --
drivers/cpufreq/amd_freq_sensitivity.c is loaded, this parameter
defines the workload frequency sensitivity threshold in which a lower
frequency is chosen instead of ondemand governor's original target.
The frequency sensitivity is a hardware reported (on AMD Family 16h
Processors and above) value between 0 to 100% that tells software how
the performance of the workload running on a CPU will change when
frequency changes. A workload with sensitivity of 0% (memory/IO-bound)
will not perform any better on higher core frequency, whereas a
workload with sensitivity of 100% (CPU-bound) will perform better
higher the frequency. When the driver is loaded, this is set to 400 by
default -- for CPUs running workloads with sensitivity value below
40%, a lower frequency is chosen. Unloading the driver or writing 0
will disable this feature.
2.5 Conservative
----------------
The CPUfreq governor "conservative", much like the "ondemand"
governor, sets the CPU depending on the current usage. It differs in
behaviour in that it gracefully increases and decreases the CPU speed
rather than jumping to max speed the moment there is any load on the
CPU. This behaviour more suitable in a battery powered environment.
The governor is tweaked in the same manner as the "ondemand" governor
through sysfs with the addition of:
governor, sets the CPU frequency depending on the current usage. It
differs in behaviour in that it gracefully increases and decreases the
CPU speed rather than jumping to max speed the moment there is any load
on the CPU. This behaviour is more suitable in a battery powered
environment. The governor is tweaked in the same manner as the
"ondemand" governor through sysfs with the addition of:
freq_step: this describes what percentage steps the cpu freq should be
increased and decreased smoothly by. By default the cpu frequency will
increase in 5% chunks of your maximum cpu frequency. You can change this
value to anywhere between 0 and 100 where '0' will effectively lock your
CPU at a speed regardless of its load whilst '100' will, in theory, make
it behave identically to the "ondemand" governor.
* freq_step:
down_threshold: same as the 'up_threshold' found for the "ondemand"
governor but for the opposite direction. For example when set to its
default value of '20' it means that if the CPU usage needs to be below
20% between samples to have the frequency decreased.
This describes what percentage steps the cpu freq should be increased
and decreased smoothly by. By default the cpu frequency will increase
in 5% chunks of your maximum cpu frequency. You can change this value
to anywhere between 0 and 100 where '0' will effectively lock your CPU
at a speed regardless of its load whilst '100' will, in theory, make
it behave identically to the "ondemand" governor.
* down_threshold:
Same as the 'up_threshold' found for the "ondemand" governor but for
the opposite direction. For example when set to its default value of
'20' it means that if the CPU usage needs to be below 20% between
samples to have the frequency decreased.
* sampling_down_factor:
Similar functionality as in "ondemand" governor. But in
"conservative", it controls the rate at which the kernel makes a
decision on when to decrease the frequency while running in any speed.
Load for frequency increase is still evaluated every sampling rate.
2.6 Schedutil
-------------
The "schedutil" governor aims at better integration with the Linux
kernel scheduler. Load estimation is achieved through the scheduler's
Per-Entity Load Tracking (PELT) mechanism, which also provides
information about the recent load [1]. This governor currently does
load based DVFS only for tasks managed by CFS. RT and DL scheduler tasks
are always run at the highest frequency. Unlike all the other
governors, the code is located under the kernel/sched/ directory.
Sysfs files:
* rate_limit_us:
This contains a value in microseconds. The governor waits for
rate_limit_us time before reevaluating the load again, after it has
evaluated the load once.
For an in-depth comparison with the other governors refer to [2].
sampling_down_factor: similar functionality as in "ondemand" governor.
But in "conservative", it controls the rate at which the kernel makes
a decision on when to decrease the frequency while running in any
speed. Load for frequency increase is still evaluated every
sampling rate.
3. The Governor Interface in the CPUfreq Core
=============================================
@@ -225,26 +267,10 @@ A new governor must register itself with the CPUfreq core using
"cpufreq_register_governor". The struct cpufreq_governor, which has to
be passed to that function, must contain the following values:
governor->name - A unique name for this governor
governor->governor - The governor callback function
governor->owner - .THIS_MODULE for the governor module (if
appropriate)
The governor->governor callback is called with the current (or to-be-set)
cpufreq_policy struct for that CPU, and an unsigned int event. The
following events are currently defined:
CPUFREQ_GOV_START: This governor shall start its duty for the CPU
policy->cpu
CPUFREQ_GOV_STOP: This governor shall end its duty for the CPU
policy->cpu
CPUFREQ_GOV_LIMITS: The limits for CPU policy->cpu have changed to
policy->min and policy->max.
If you need other "events" externally of your driver, _only_ use the
cpufreq_governor_l(unsigned int cpu, unsigned int event) call to the
CPUfreq core to ensure proper locking.
governor->name - A unique name for this governor.
governor->owner - .THIS_MODULE for the governor module (if appropriate).
plus a set of hooks to the functions implementing the governor's logic.
The CPUfreq governor may call the CPU processor driver using one of
these two functions:
@@ -258,12 +284,18 @@ int __cpufreq_driver_target(struct cpufreq_policy *policy,
unsigned int relation);
target_freq must be within policy->min and policy->max, of course.
What's the difference between these two functions? When your governor
still is in a direct code path of a call to governor->governor, the
per-CPU cpufreq lock is still held in the cpufreq core, and there's
no need to lock it again (in fact, this would cause a deadlock). So
use __cpufreq_driver_target only in these cases. In all other cases
(for example, when there's a "daemonized" function that wakes up
every second), use cpufreq_driver_target to lock the cpufreq per-CPU
lock before the command is passed to the cpufreq processor driver.
What's the difference between these two functions? When your governor is
in a direct code path of a call to governor callbacks, like
governor->start(), the policy->rwsem is still held in the cpufreq core,
and there's no need to lock it again (in fact, this would cause a
deadlock). So use __cpufreq_driver_target only in these cases. In all
other cases (for example, when there's a "daemonized" function that
wakes up every second), use cpufreq_driver_target to take policy->rwsem
before the command is passed to the cpufreq driver.
4. References
=============
[1] Per-entity load tracking: https://lwn.net/Articles/531853/
[2] Improvements in CPU frequency management: https://lwn.net/Articles/682391/

25
Documentation/cpu-freq/index.txt
View File

@@ -18,16 +18,29 @@
Documents in this directory:
----------------------------
core.txt - General description of the CPUFreq core and
of CPUFreq notifiers
cpu-drivers.txt - How to implement a new cpufreq processor driver
amd-powernow.txt - AMD powernow driver specific file.
boost.txt - Frequency boosting support.
core.txt - General description of the CPUFreq core and
of CPUFreq notifiers.
cpu-drivers.txt - How to implement a new cpufreq processor driver.
cpufreq-nforce2.txt - nVidia nForce2 platform specific file.
cpufreq-stats.txt - General description of sysfs cpufreq stats.
governors.txt - What are cpufreq governors and how to
implement them?
index.txt - File index, Mailing list and Links (this document)
intel-pstate.txt - Intel pstate cpufreq driver specific file.
pcc-cpufreq.txt - PCC cpufreq driver specific file.
user-guide.txt - User Guide to CPUFreq
@@ -35,9 +48,7 @@ Mailing List
------------
There is a CPU frequency changing CVS commit and general list where
you can report bugs, problems or submit patches. To post a message,
send an email to linux-pm@vger.kernel.org, to subscribe go to
http://vger.kernel.org/vger-lists.html#linux-pm and follow the
instructions there.
send an email to linux-pm@vger.kernel.org.
Links
-----
@@ -48,7 +59,7 @@ how to access the CVS repository:
* http://cvs.arm.linux.org.uk/
the CPUFreq Mailing list:
* http://vger.kernel.org/vger-lists.html#cpufreq
* http://vger.kernel.org/vger-lists.html#linux-pm
Clock and voltage scaling for the SA-1100:
* http://www.lartmaker.nl/projects/scaling

15
Documentation/cpu-freq/intel-pstate.txt
View File

@@ -85,6 +85,21 @@ Sysfs will show :
Refer to "Intel® 64 and IA-32 Architectures Software Developer’s Manual
Volume 3: System Programming Guide" to understand ratios.
There is one more sysfs attribute in /sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/
that can be used for controlling the operation mode of the driver:
status: Three settings are possible:
"off" - The driver is not in use at this time.
"active" - The driver works as a P-state governor (default).
"passive" - The driver works as a regular cpufreq one and collaborates
with the generic cpufreq governors (it sets P-states as
requested by those governors).
The current setting is returned by reads from this attribute. Writing one
of the above strings to it changes the operation mode as indicated by that
string, if possible. If HW-managed P-states (HWP) are enabled, it is not
possible to change the driver's operation mode and attempts to write to
this attribute will fail.
cpufreq sysfs for Intel P-State
Since this driver registers with cpufreq, cpufreq sysfs is also presented.

60
Documentation/cpu-freq/user-guide.txt
View File

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
Contents:
---------
1. Supported Architectures and Processors
1.1 ARM
1.1 ARM and ARM64
1.2 x86
1.3 sparc64
1.4 ppc
@@ -37,16 +37,10 @@ Contents:
1. Supported Architectures and Processors
=========================================
1.1 ARM
-------
The following ARM processors are supported by cpufreq:
ARM Integrator
ARM-SA1100
ARM-SA1110
Intel PXA
1.1 ARM and ARM64
-----------------
Almost all ARM and ARM64 platforms support CPU frequency scaling.
1.2 x86
-------
@@ -69,6 +63,7 @@ Transmeta Crusoe
Transmeta Efficeon
VIA Cyrix 3 / C3
various processors on some ACPI 2.0-compatible systems [*]
And many more
[*] Only if "ACPI Processor Performance States" are available
to the ACPI<->BIOS interface.
@@ -149,10 +144,19 @@ mounted it at /sys, the cpufreq interface is located in a subdirectory
"cpufreq" within the cpu-device directory
(e.g. /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/ for the first CPU).
affected_cpus : List of Online CPUs that require software
coordination of frequency.
cpuinfo_cur_freq : Current frequency of the CPU as obtained from
the hardware, in KHz. This is the frequency
the CPU actually runs at.
cpuinfo_min_freq : this file shows the minimum operating
frequency the processor can run at(in kHz)
cpuinfo_max_freq : this file shows the maximum operating
frequency the processor can run at(in kHz)
cpuinfo_transition_latency The time it takes on this CPU to
switch between two frequencies in nano
seconds. If unknown or known to be
@@ -165,25 +169,30 @@ cpuinfo_transition_latency The time it takes on this CPU to
userspace daemon. Make sure to not
switch the frequency too often
resulting in performance loss.
scaling_driver : this file shows what cpufreq driver is
used to set the frequency on this CPU
related_cpus : List of Online + Offline CPUs that need software
coordination of frequency.
scaling_available_frequencies : List of available frequencies, in KHz.
scaling_available_governors : this file shows the CPUfreq governors
available in this kernel. You can see the
currently activated governor in
scaling_cur_freq : Current frequency of the CPU as determined by
the governor and cpufreq core, in KHz. This is
the frequency the kernel thinks the CPU runs
at.
scaling_driver : this file shows what cpufreq driver is
used to set the frequency on this CPU
scaling_governor, and by "echoing" the name of another
governor you can change it. Please note
that some governors won't load - they only
work on some specific architectures or
processors.
cpuinfo_cur_freq : Current frequency of the CPU as obtained from
the hardware, in KHz. This is the frequency
the CPU actually runs at.
scaling_available_frequencies : List of available frequencies, in KHz.
scaling_min_freq and
scaling_max_freq show the current "policy limits" (in
kHz). By echoing new values into these
@@ -192,16 +201,11 @@ scaling_max_freq show the current "policy limits" (in
first set scaling_max_freq, then
scaling_min_freq.
affected_cpus : List of Online CPUs that require software
coordination of frequency.
related_cpus : List of Online + Offline CPUs that need software
coordination of frequency.
scaling_cur_freq : Current frequency of the CPU as determined by
the governor and cpufreq core, in KHz. This is
the frequency the kernel thinks the CPU runs
at.
scaling_setspeed This can be read to get the currently programmed
value by the governor. This can be written to
change the current frequency for a group of
CPUs, represented by a policy. This is supported
currently only by the userspace governor.
bios_limit : If the BIOS tells the OS to limit a CPU to
lower frequencies, the user can read out the

2
Documentation/crypto/api-digest.rst
View File

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ Asynchronous Message Digest API
:doc: Asynchronous Message Digest API
.. kernel-doc:: include/crypto/hash.h
:functions: crypto_alloc_ahash crypto_free_ahash crypto_ahash_init crypto_ahash_digestsize crypto_ahash_reqtfm crypto_ahash_reqsize crypto_ahash_setkey crypto_ahash_finup crypto_ahash_final crypto_ahash_digest crypto_ahash_export crypto_ahash_import
:functions: crypto_alloc_ahash crypto_free_ahash crypto_ahash_init crypto_ahash_digestsize crypto_ahash_reqtfm crypto_ahash_reqsize crypto_ahash_statesize crypto_ahash_setkey crypto_ahash_finup crypto_ahash_final crypto_ahash_digest crypto_ahash_export crypto_ahash_import
Asynchronous Hash Request Handle
--------------------------------

2
Documentation/crypto/api-skcipher.rst
View File

@@ -59,4 +59,4 @@ Synchronous Block Cipher API - Deprecated
:doc: Synchronous Block Cipher API
.. kernel-doc:: include/linux/crypto.h
:functions: crypto_alloc_blkcipher rypto_free_blkcipher crypto_has_blkcipher crypto_blkcipher_name crypto_blkcipher_ivsize crypto_blkcipher_blocksize crypto_blkcipher_setkey crypto_blkcipher_encrypt crypto_blkcipher_encrypt_iv crypto_blkcipher_decrypt crypto_blkcipher_decrypt_iv crypto_blkcipher_set_iv crypto_blkcipher_get_iv
:functions: crypto_alloc_blkcipher crypto_free_blkcipher crypto_has_blkcipher crypto_blkcipher_name crypto_blkcipher_ivsize crypto_blkcipher_blocksize crypto_blkcipher_setkey crypto_blkcipher_encrypt crypto_blkcipher_encrypt_iv crypto_blkcipher_decrypt crypto_blkcipher_decrypt_iv crypto_blkcipher_set_iv crypto_blkcipher_get_iv

4
Documentation/device-mapper/cache.txt
View File

@@ -207,6 +207,10 @@ Optional feature arguments are:
block, then the cache block is invalidated.
To enable passthrough mode the cache must be clean.
metadata2 : use version 2 of the metadata. This stores the dirty bits
in a separate btree, which improves speed of shutting
down the cache.
A policy called 'default' is always registered. This is an alias for
the policy we currently think is giving best all round performance.

19
Documentation/device-mapper/dm-raid.txt
View File

@@ -161,6 +161,15 @@ The target is named "raid" and it accepts the following parameters:
the RAID type (i.e. the allocation algorithm) as well, e.g.
changing from raid5_ls to raid5_n.
[journal_dev <dev>]
This option adds a journal device to raid4/5/6 raid sets and
uses it to close the 'write hole' caused by the non-atomic updates
to the component devices which can cause data loss during recovery.
The journal device is used as writethrough thus causing writes to
be throttled versus non-journaled raid4/5/6 sets.
Takeover/reshape is not possible with a raid4/5/6 journal device;
it has to be deconfigured before requesting these.
<#raid_devs>: The number of devices composing the array.
Each device consists of two entries. The first is the device
containing the metadata (if any); the second is the one containing the
@@ -245,6 +254,9 @@ recovery. Here is a fuller description of the individual fields:
<data_offset> The current data offset to the start of the user data on
each component device of a raid set (see the respective
raid parameter to support out-of-place reshaping).
<journal_char> 'A' - active raid4/5/6 journal device.
'D' - dead journal device.
'-' - no journal device.
Message Interface
@@ -307,10 +319,15 @@ Version History
1.5.2 'mismatch_cnt' is zero unless [last_]sync_action is "check".
1.6.0 Add discard support (and devices_handle_discard_safely module param).
1.7.0 Add support for MD RAID0 mappings.
1.8.0 Explictely check for compatible flags in the superblock metadata
1.8.0 Explicitly check for compatible flags in the superblock metadata
and reject to start the raid set if any are set by a newer
target version, thus avoiding data corruption on a raid set
with a reshape in progress.
1.9.0 Add support for RAID level takeover/reshape/region size
and set size reduction.
1.9.1 Fix activation of existing RAID 4/10 mapped devices
1.9.2 Don't emit '- -' on the status table line in case the constructor
fails reading a superblock. Correctly emit 'maj:min1 maj:min2' and
'D' on the status line. If '- -' is passed into the constructor, emit
'- -' on the table line and '-' as the status line health character.
1.10.0 Add support for raid4/5/6 journal device

2
Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/amlogic.txt
View File

@@ -40,6 +40,8 @@ Board compatible values:
- "hardkernel,odroid-c2" (Meson gxbb)
- "amlogic,p200" (Meson gxbb)
- "amlogic,p201" (Meson gxbb)
- "wetek,hub" (Meson gxbb)
- "wetek,play2" (Meson gxbb)
- "amlogic,p212" (Meson gxl s905x)
- "amlogic,p230" (Meson gxl s905d)
- "amlogic,p231" (Meson gxl s905d)

6
Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/arch_timer.txt
View File

@@ -31,6 +31,12 @@ to deliver its interrupts via SPIs.
This also affects writes to the tval register, due to the implicit
counter read.
- hisilicon,erratum-161010101 : A boolean property. Indicates the
presence of Hisilicon erratum 161010101, which says that reading the
counters is unreliable in some cases, and reads may return a value 32
beyond the correct value. This also affects writes to the tval
registers, due to the implicit counter read.
** Optional properties:
- arm,cpu-registers-not-fw-configured : Firmware does not initialize

19
Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/axentia.txt Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
Device tree bindings for Axentia ARM devices
============================================
Linea CPU module
----------------
Required root node properties:
compatible = "axentia,linea",
"atmel,sama5d31", "atmel,sama5d3", "atmel,sama5";
and following the rules from atmel-at91.txt for a sama5d31 SoC.
TSE-850 v3 board
----------------
Required root node properties:
compatible = "axentia,tse850v3", "axentia,linea",
"atmel,sama5d31", "atmel,sama5d3", "atmel,sama5";
and following the rules from above for the axentia,linea CPU module.

2
Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/cpus.txt
View File

@@ -158,6 +158,7 @@ nodes to be present and contain the properties described below.
"arm,cortex-a53"
"arm,cortex-a57"
"arm,cortex-a72"
"arm,cortex-a73"
"arm,cortex-m0"
"arm,cortex-m0+"
"arm,cortex-m1"
@@ -202,6 +203,7 @@ nodes to be present and contain the properties described below.
"marvell,armada-380-smp"
"marvell,armada-390-smp"
"marvell,armada-xp-smp"
"marvell,98dx3236-smp"
"mediatek,mt6589-smp"
"mediatek,mt81xx-tz-smp"
"qcom,gcc-msm8660"

4
Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/davinci.txt
View File

@@ -13,6 +13,10 @@ EnBW AM1808 based CMC board
Required root node properties:
- compatible = "enbw,cmc", "ti,da850;
LEGO MINDSTORMS EV3 (AM1808 based)
Required root node properties:
- compatible = "lego,ev3", "ti,da850";
Generic DaVinci Boards
----------------------

20
Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/fsl.txt
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@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ status.
- compatible: Should contain a chip-specific compatible string,
Chip-specific strings are of the form "fsl,<chip>-scfg",
The following <chip>s are known to be supported:
ls1021a, ls1043a, ls1046a, ls2080a.
ls1012a, ls1021a, ls1043a, ls1046a, ls2080a.
- reg: should contain base address and length of SCFG memory-mapped registers
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ core start address and release the secondary core from holdoff and startup.
- compatible: Should contain a chip-specific compatible string,
Chip-specific strings are of the form "fsl,<chip>-dcfg",
The following <chip>s are known to be supported:
ls1021a, ls1043a, ls1046a, ls2080a.
ls1012a, ls1021a, ls1043a, ls1046a, ls2080a.
- reg : should contain base address and length of DCFG memory-mapped registers
@@ -139,6 +139,22 @@ Example:
Freescale ARMv8 based Layerscape SoC family Device Tree Bindings
----------------------------------------------------------------
LS1012A SoC
Required root node properties:
- compatible = "fsl,ls1012a";
LS1012A ARMv8 based RDB Board
Required root node properties:
- compatible = "fsl,ls1012a-rdb", "fsl,ls1012a";
LS1012A ARMv8 based FRDM Board
Required root node properties:
- compatible = "fsl,ls1012a-frdm", "fsl,ls1012a";
LS1012A ARMv8 based QDS Board
Required root node properties:
- compatible = "fsl,ls1012a-qds", "fsl,ls1012a";
LS1043A SoC
Required root node properties:
- compatible = "fsl,ls1043a";

4
Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/hisilicon/hisilicon.txt
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@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
Hisilicon Platforms Device Tree Bindings
----------------------------------------------------
Hi3660 SoC
Required root node properties:
- compatible = "hisilicon,hi3660";
Hi4511 Board
Required root node properties:
- compatible = "hisilicon,hi3620-hi4511";

16
Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/marvell/98dx3236-resume-ctrl.txt Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
Resume Control
--------------
Available on Marvell SOCs: 98DX3336 and 98DX4251
Required properties:
- compatible: must be "marvell,98dx3336-resume-ctrl"
- reg: Should contain resume control registers location and length
Example:
resume@20980 {
compatible = "marvell,98dx3336-resume-ctrl";
reg = <0x20980 0x10>;
};

23
Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/marvell/98dx3236.txt Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
Marvell 98DX3236, 98DX3336 and 98DX4251 Platforms Device Tree Bindings
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Boards with a SoC of the Marvell 98DX3236, 98DX3336 and 98DX4251 families
shall have the following property:
Required root node property:
compatible: must contain "marvell,armadaxp-98dx3236"
In addition, boards using the Marvell 98DX3336 SoC shall have the
following property:
Required root node property:
compatible: must contain "marvell,armadaxp-98dx3336"
In addition, boards using the Marvell 98DX4251 SoC shall have the
following property:
Required root node property:
compatible: must contain "marvell,armadaxp-98dx4251"

3
Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/omap/omap.txt
View File

@@ -151,6 +151,9 @@ Boards:
- AM335X SBC-T335 : single board computer, built around the Sitara AM3352/4
compatible = "compulab,sbc-t335", "compulab,cm-t335", "ti,am33xx"
- AM335X phyCORE-AM335x: Development kit
compatible = "phytec,am335x-pcm-953", "phytec,am335x-phycore-som", "ti,am33xx"
- OMAP5 EVM : Evaluation Module
compatible = "ti,omap5-evm", "ti,omap5"

2
Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/shmobile.txt
View File

@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ Boards:
compatible = "renesas,rskrza1", "renesas,r7s72100"
- Salvator-X (RTP0RC7795SIPB0010S)
compatible = "renesas,salvator-x", "renesas,r8a7795";
- Salvator-X
- Salvator-X (RTP0RC7796SIPB0011S)
compatible = "renesas,salvator-x", "renesas,r8a7796";
- SILK (RTP0RC7794LCB00011S)
compatible = "renesas,silk", "renesas,r8a7794"

1
Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/sunxi.txt
View File

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ using one of the following compatible strings:
allwinner,sun8i-a23
allwinner,sun8i-a33
allwinner,sun8i-a83t
allwinner,sun8i-h2-plus
allwinner,sun8i-h3
allwinner,sun9i-a80
allwinner,sun50i-a64

18
Documentation/devicetree/bindings/ata/ahci-da850.txt Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
Device tree binding for the TI DA850 AHCI SATA Controller
---------------------------------------------------------
Required properties:
- compatible: must be "ti,da850-ahci"
- reg: physical base addresses and sizes of the two register regions
used by the controller: the register map as defined by the
AHCI 1.1 standard and the Power Down Control Register (PWRDN)
for enabling/disabling the SATA clock receiver
- interrupts: interrupt specifier (refer to the interrupt binding)
Example:
sata: sata@218000 {
compatible = "ti,da850-ahci";
reg = <0x218000 0x2000>, <0x22c018 0x4>;
interrupts = <67>;
};

6
Documentation/devicetree/bindings/bus/qcom,ebi2.txt
View File

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ Required properties:
- compatible: should be one of:
"qcom,msm8660-ebi2"
"qcom,apq8060-ebi2"
- #address-cells: shoule be <2>: the first cell is the chipselect,
- #address-cells: should be <2>: the first cell is the chipselect,
the second cell is the offset inside the memory range
- #size-cells: should be <1>
- ranges: should be set to:
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ Required properties:
- reg: two ranges of registers: EBI2 config and XMEM config areas
- reg-names: should be "ebi2", "xmem"
- clocks: two clocks, EBI_2X and EBI
- clock-names: shoule be "ebi2x", "ebi2"
- clock-names: should be "ebi2x", "ebi2"
Optional subnodes:
- Nodes inside the EBI2 will be considered device nodes.
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ Optional properties arrays for FAST chip selects:
assertion, with respect to the cycle where ADV (address valid) is asserted.
2 means 2 cycles between ADV and OE. Valid values 0, 1, 2 or 3.
- qcom,xmem-read-hold-cycles: the length in cycles of the first segment of a
read transfer. For a single read trandfer this will be the time from CS
read transfer. For a single read transfer this will be the time from CS
assertion to OE assertion. Valid values 0 thru 15.

15
Documentation/devicetree/bindings/clock/brcm,bcm2835-cprman.txt
View File

@@ -16,7 +16,20 @@ Required properties:
- #clock-cells: Should be <1>. The permitted clock-specifier values can be
found in include/dt-bindings/clock/bcm2835.h
- reg: Specifies base physical address and size of the registers
- clocks: The external oscillator clock phandle
- clocks: phandles to the parent clocks used as input to the module, in
the following order:
- External oscillator
- DSI0 byte clock
- DSI0 DDR2 clock
- DSI0 DDR clock
- DSI1 byte clock
- DSI1 DDR2 clock
- DSI1 DDR clock
Only external oscillator is required. The DSI clocks may
not be present, in which case their children will be
unusable.
Example:

38
Documentation/devicetree/bindings/clock/exynos4415-clock.txt
View File

@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
* Samsung Exynos4415 Clock Controller
The Exynos4415 clock controller generates and supplies clock to various
consumer devices within the Exynos4415 SoC.
Required properties:
- compatible: should be one of the following:
- "samsung,exynos4415-cmu" - for the main system clocks controller
(CMU_LEFTBUS, CMU_RIGHTBUS, CMU_TOP, CMU_CPU clock domains).
- "samsung,exynos4415-cmu-dmc" - for the Exynos4415 SoC DRAM Memory
Controller (DMC) domain clock controller.
- reg: physical base address of the controller and length of memory mapped
region.
- #clock-cells: should be 1.
Each clock is assigned an identifier and client nodes can use this identifier
to specify the clock which they consume.
All available clocks are defined as preprocessor macros in
dt-bindings/clock/exynos4415.h header and can be used in device
tree sources.
Example 1: An example of a clock controller node is listed below.
cmu: clock-controller@10030000 {
compatible = "samsung,exynos4415-cmu";
reg = <0x10030000 0x18000>;
#clock-cells = <1>;
};
cmu-dmc: clock-controller@105C0000 {
compatible = "samsung,exynos4415-cmu-dmc";
reg = <0x105C0000 0x3000>;
#clock-cells = <1>;
};

42
Documentation/devicetree/bindings/clock/hi3660-clock.txt Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
* Hisilicon Hi3660 Clock Controller
The Hi3660 clock controller generates and supplies clock to various
controllers within the Hi3660 SoC.
Required Properties:
- compatible: the compatible should be one of the following strings to
indicate the clock controller functionality.
- "hisilicon,hi3660-crgctrl"
- "hisilicon,hi3660-pctrl"
- "hisilicon,hi3660-pmuctrl"
- "hisilicon,hi3660-sctrl"
- "hisilicon,hi3660-iomcu"
- reg: physical base address of the controller and length of memory mapped
region.
- #clock-cells: should be 1.
Each clock is assigned an identifier and client nodes use this identifier
to specify the clock which they consume.
All these identifier could be found in <dt-bindings/clock/hi3660-clock.h>.
Examples:
crg_ctrl: clock-controller@fff35000 {
compatible = "hisilicon,hi3660-crgctrl", "syscon";
reg = <0x0 0xfff35000 0x0 0x1000>;
#clock-cells = <1>;
};
uart0: serial@fdf02000 {
compatible = "arm,pl011", "arm,primecell";
reg = <0x0 0xfdf02000 0x0 0x1000>;
interrupts = <GIC_SPI 74 IRQ_TYPE_LEVEL_HIGH>;
clocks = <&crg_ctrl HI3660_CLK_MUX_UART0>,
<&crg_ctrl HI3660_PCLK>;
clock-names = "uartclk", "apb_pclk";
status = "disabled";
};

65
Documentation/devicetree/bindings/clock/idt,versaclock5.txt Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
Binding for IDT VersaClock5 programmable i2c clock generator.
The IDT VersaClock5 are programmable i2c clock generators providing
from 3 to 12 output clocks.
==I2C device node==
Required properties:
- compatible: shall be one of "idt,5p49v5923" , "idt,5p49v5933".
- reg: i2c device address, shall be 0x68 or 0x6a.
- #clock-cells: from common clock binding; shall be set to 1.
- clocks: from common clock binding; list of parent clock handles,
- 5p49v5923: (required) either or both of XTAL or CLKIN
reference clock.
- 5p49v5933: (optional) property not present (internal
Xtal used) or CLKIN reference
clock.
- clock-names: from common clock binding; clock input names, can be
- 5p49v5923: (required) either or both of "xin", "clkin".
- 5p49v5933: (optional) property not present or "clkin".
==Mapping between clock specifier and physical pins==
When referencing the provided clock in the DT using phandle and
clock specifier, the following mapping applies:
5P49V5923:
0 -- OUT0_SEL_I2CB
1 -- OUT1
2 -- OUT2
5P49V5933:
0 -- OUT0_SEL_I2CB
1 -- OUT1
2 -- OUT4
==Example==
/* 25MHz reference crystal */
ref25: ref25m {
compatible = "fixed-clock";
#clock-cells = <0>;
clock-frequency = <25000000>;
};
i2c-master-node {
/* IDT 5P49V5923 i2c clock generator */
vc5: clock-generator@6a {
compatible = "idt,5p49v5923";
reg = <0x6a>;
#clock-cells = <1>;
/* Connect XIN input to 25MHz reference */
clocks = <&ref25m>;
clock-names = "xin";
};
};
/* Consumer referencing the 5P49V5923 pin OUT1 */
consumer {
...
clocks = <&vc5 1>;
...
}

1
Documentation/devicetree/bindings/clock/mvebu-corediv-clock.txt
View File

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ Required properties:
- compatible : must be "marvell,armada-370-corediv-clock",
"marvell,armada-375-corediv-clock",
"marvell,armada-380-corediv-clock",
"marvell,mv98dx3236-corediv-clock",
- reg : must be the register address of Core Divider control register
- #clock-cells : from common clock binding; shall be set to 1

1
Documentation/devicetree/bindings/clock/mvebu-cpu-clock.txt
View File

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ Device Tree Clock bindings for cpu clock of Marvell EBU platforms
Required properties:
- compatible : shall be one of the following:
"marvell,armada-xp-cpu-clock" - cpu clocks for Armada XP
"marvell,mv98dx3236-cpu-clock" - cpu clocks for 98DX3236 SoC
- reg : Address and length of the clock complex register set, followed
by address and length of the PMU DFS registers
- #clock-cells : should be set to 1.

2
Documentation/devicetree/bindings/clock/mvebu-gated-clock.txt
View File

@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ ID Clock Peripheral
25 tdm Time Division Mplx
28 xor1 XOR DMA 1
29 sata1lnk
30 sata1 SATA Host 0
30 sata1 SATA Host 1
The following is a list of provided IDs for Dove:
ID Clock Peripheral

1
Documentation/devicetree/bindings/clock/qcom,rpmcc.txt
View File

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ Required properties :
compatible "qcom,rpmcc" should be also included.
"qcom,rpmcc-msm8916", "qcom,rpmcc"
"qcom,rpmcc-msm8974", "qcom,rpmcc"
"qcom,rpmcc-apq8064", "qcom,rpmcc"
- #clock-cells : shall contain 1

1
Documentation/devicetree/bindings/clock/qoriq-clock.txt
View File

@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ Required properties:
* "fsl,t4240-clockgen"
* "fsl,b4420-clockgen"
* "fsl,b4860-clockgen"
* "fsl,ls1012a-clockgen"
* "fsl,ls1021a-clockgen"
* "fsl,ls1043a-clockgen"
* "fsl,ls1046a-clockgen"

6
Documentation/devicetree/bindings/clock/renesas,cpg-mssr.txt
View File

@@ -42,6 +42,10 @@ Required Properties:
Domain bindings in
Documentation/devicetree/bindings/power/power_domain.txt.
- #reset-cells: Must be 1
- The single reset specifier cell must be the module number, as defined
in the datasheet.
Examples
--------
@@ -55,6 +59,7 @@ Examples
clock-names = "extal", "extalr";
#clock-cells = <2>;
#power-domain-cells = <0>;
#reset-cells = <1>;
};
@@ -69,5 +74,6 @@ Examples
dmas = <&dmac1 0x13>, <&dmac1 0x12>;
dma-names = "tx", "rx";
power-domains = <&cpg>;
resets = <&cpg 310>;
status = "disabled";
};

57
Documentation/devicetree/bindings/clock/rockchip,rk3328-cru.txt Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
* Rockchip RK3328 Clock and Reset Unit
The RK3328 clock controller generates and supplies clock to various
controllers within the SoC and also implements a reset controller for SoC
peripherals.
Required Properties:
- compatible: should be "rockchip,rk3328-cru"
- reg: physical base address of the controller and length of memory mapped
region.
- #clock-cells: should be 1.
- #reset-cells: should be 1.
Optional Properties:
- rockchip,grf: phandle to the syscon managing the "general register files"
If missing pll rates are not changeable, due to the missing pll lock status.
Each clock is assigned an identifier and client nodes can use this identifier
to specify the clock which they consume. All available clocks are defined as
preprocessor macros in the dt-bindings/clock/rk3328-cru.h headers and can be
used in device tree sources. Similar macros exist for the reset sources in
these files.
External clocks:
There are several clocks that are generated outside the SoC. It is expected
that they are defined using standard clock bindings with following
clock-output-names:
- "xin24m" - crystal input - required,
- "clkin_i2s" - external I2S clock - optional,
- "gmac_clkin" - external GMAC clock - optional
- "phy_50m_out" - output clock of the pll in the mac phy
Example: Clock controller node:
cru: clock-controller@ff440000 {
compatible = "rockchip,rk3328-cru";
reg = <0x0 0xff440000 0x0 0x1000>;
rockchip,grf = <&grf>;
#clock-cells = <1>;
#reset-cells = <1>;
};
Example: UART controller node that consumes the clock generated by the clock
controller:
uart0: serial@ff120000 {
compatible = "snps,dw-apb-uart";
reg = <0xff120000 0x100>;
interrupts = <GIC_SPI 56 IRQ_TYPE_LEVEL_HIGH>;
reg-shift = <2>;
reg-io-width = <4>;
clocks = <&cru SCLK_UART0>;
};

6
Documentation/devicetree/bindings/clock/rockchip,rk3399-cru.txt
View File

@@ -13,6 +13,12 @@ Required Properties:
- #clock-cells: should be 1.
- #reset-cells: should be 1.
Optional Properties:
- rockchip,grf: phandle to the syscon managing the "general register files".
It is used for GRF muxes, if missing any muxes present in the GRF will not
be available.
Each clock is assigned an identifier and client nodes can use this identifier
to specify the clock which they consume. All available clocks are defined as
preprocessor macros in the dt-bindings/clock/rk3399-cru.h headers and can be

37
Documentation/devicetree/bindings/clock/st,stm32-rcc.txt
View File

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ Required properties:
- compatible: Should be:
"st,stm32f42xx-rcc"
"st,stm32f469-rcc"
"st,stm32f746-rcc"
- reg: should be register base and length as documented in the
datasheet
- #reset-cells: 1, see below
@@ -17,6 +18,9 @@ Required properties:
property, containing a phandle to the clock device node, an index selecting
between gated clocks and other clocks and an index specifying the clock to
use.
- clocks: External oscillator clock phandle
- high speed external clock signal (HSE)
- external I2S clock (I2S_CKIN)
Example:
@@ -25,6 +29,7 @@ Example:
#clock-cells = <2>
compatible = "st,stm32f42xx-rcc", "st,stm32-rcc";
reg = <0x40023800 0x400>;
clocks = <&clk_hse>, <&clk_i2s_ckin>;
};
Specifying gated clocks
@@ -66,6 +71,38 @@ The secondary index is bound with the following magic numbers:
0 SYSTICK
1 FCLK
2 CLK_LSI (low-power clock source)
3 CLK_LSE (generated from a 32.768 kHz low-speed external
crystal or ceramic resonator)
4 CLK_HSE_RTC (HSE division factor for RTC clock)
5 CLK_RTC (real-time clock)
6 PLL_VCO_I2S (vco frequency of I2S pll)
7 PLL_VCO_SAI (vco frequency of SAI pll)
8 CLK_LCD (LCD-TFT)
9 CLK_I2S (I2S clocks)
10 CLK_SAI1 (audio clocks)
11 CLK_SAI2
12 CLK_I2SQ_PDIV (post divisor of pll i2s q divisor)
13 CLK_SAIQ_PDIV (post divisor of pll sai q divisor)
14 CLK_HSI (Internal ocscillator clock)
15 CLK_SYSCLK (System Clock)
16 CLK_HDMI_CEC (HDMI-CEC clock)
17 CLK_SPDIF (SPDIF-Rx clock)
18 CLK_USART1 (U(s)arts clocks)
19 CLK_USART2
20 CLK_USART3
21 CLK_UART4
22 CLK_UART5
23 CLK_USART6
24 CLK_UART7
25 CLK_UART8
26 CLK_I2C1 (I2S clocks)
27 CLK_I2C2
28 CLK_I2C3
29 CLK_I2C4
30 CLK_LPTIMER (LPTimer1 clock)
)
Example:

20
Documentation/devicetree/bindings/clock/stericsson,abx500.txt Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
Clock bindings for ST-Ericsson ABx500 clocks
Required properties :
- compatible : shall contain the following:
"stericsson,ab8500-clk"
- #clock-cells should be <1>
The ABx500 clocks need to be placed as a subnode of an AB8500
device node, see mfd/ab8500.txt
All available clocks are defined as preprocessor macros in
dt-bindings/clock/ste-ab8500.h header and can be used in device
tree sources.
Example:
clock-controller {
compatible = "stericsson,ab8500-clk";
#clock-cells = <1>;
};

28
Documentation/devicetree/bindings/clock/sun9i-de.txt Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
Allwinner A80 Display Engine Clock Control Binding
--------------------------------------------------
Required properties :
- compatible: must contain one of the following compatibles:
- "allwinner,sun9i-a80-de-clks"
- reg: Must contain the registers base address and length
- clocks: phandle to the clocks feeding the display engine subsystem.
Three are needed:
- "mod": the display engine module clock
- "dram": the DRAM bus clock for the system
- "bus": the bus clock for the whole display engine subsystem
- clock-names: Must contain the clock names described just above
- resets: phandle to the reset control for the display engine subsystem.
- #clock-cells : must contain 1
- #reset-cells : must contain 1
Example:
de_clocks: clock@3000000 {
compatible = "allwinner,sun9i-a80-de-clks";
reg = <0x03000000 0x30>;
clocks = <&ccu CLK_DE>, <&ccu CLK_SDRAM>, <&ccu CLK_BUS_DE>;
clock-names = "mod", "dram", "bus";
resets = <&ccu RST_BUS_DE>;
#clock-cells = <1>;
#reset-cells = <1>;
};

24
Documentation/devicetree/bindings/clock/sun9i-usb.txt Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
Allwinner A80 USB Clock Control Binding
---------------------------------------
Required properties :
- compatible: must contain one of the following compatibles:
- "allwinner,sun9i-a80-usb-clocks"
- reg: Must contain the registers base address and length
- clocks: phandle to the clocks feeding the USB subsystem. Two are needed:
- "bus": the bus clock for the whole USB subsystem
- "hosc": the high frequency oscillator (usually at 24MHz)
- clock-names: Must contain the clock names described just above
- #clock-cells : must contain 1
- #reset-cells : must contain 1
Example:
usb_clocks: clock@a08000 {
compatible = "allwinner,sun9i-a80-usb-clks";
reg = <0x00a08000 0x8>;
clocks = <&ccu CLK_BUS_USB>, <&osc24M>;
clock-names = "bus", "hosc";
#clock-cells = <1>;
#reset-cells = <1>;
};

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