selftests/bpf: Add supplementary tests for bpf_kptr_xchg

1. Allow using bpf_kptr_xchg while holding a lock.
2. When the rb_node contains a __kptr pointer, we do not need to
   perform a remove-read-add operation.

This patch implements the following workflow:
1. Construct a rbtree with 16 elements.
2. Traverse the rbtree, locate the kptr pointer in the target node,
   and read the content pointed to by the pointer.
3. Remove all nodes from the rbtree.

Signed-off-by: Kaitao Cheng <chengkaitao@kylinos.cn>
Signed-off-by: Feng Yang <yangfeng@kylinos.cn>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260214124042.62229-4-pilgrimtao@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>

tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/rbtree.c

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 #include "rbtree_btf_fail__wrong_node_type.skel.h"
 #include "rbtree_btf_fail__add_wrong_type.skel.h"
 #include "rbtree_search.skel.h"
+#include "rbtree_search_kptr.skel.h"
 
 static void test_rbtree_add_nodes(void)
 {
@@ -193,3 +194,8 @@ void test_rbtree_search(void)
 {
 	RUN_TESTS(rbtree_search);
 }
+
+void test_rbtree_search_kptr(void)
+{
+	RUN_TESTS(rbtree_search_kptr);
+}

tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/bpf_misc.h

@@ -188,6 +188,10 @@
 #define POINTER_VALUE	0xbadcafe
 #define TEST_DATA_LEN	64
 
+#ifndef __aligned
+#define __aligned(x) __attribute__((aligned(x)))
+#endif
+
 #ifndef __used
 #define __used __attribute__((used))
 #endif

tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/rbtree_search_kptr.c

@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/* Copyright (c) 2026 KylinSoft Corporation. */
+
+#include <vmlinux.h>
+#include <bpf/bpf_helpers.h>
+#include "bpf_misc.h"
+#include "bpf_experimental.h"
+
+#define NR_NODES 16
+
+struct node_data {
+	int data;
+};
+
+struct tree_node {
+	struct bpf_rb_node node;
+	u64 key;
+	struct node_data __kptr * node_data;
+};
+
+#define private(name) SEC(".data." #name) __hidden __aligned(8)
+
+private(A) struct bpf_rb_root root __contains(tree_node, node);
+private(A) struct bpf_spin_lock lock;
+
+static bool less(struct bpf_rb_node *a, const struct bpf_rb_node *b)
+{
+	struct tree_node *node_a, *node_b;
+
+	node_a = container_of(a, struct tree_node, node);
+	node_b = container_of(b, struct tree_node, node);
+
+	return node_a->key < node_b->key;
+}
+
+SEC("syscall")
+__retval(0)
+long rbtree_search_kptr(void *ctx)
+{
+	struct tree_node *tnode;
+	struct bpf_rb_node *rb_n;
+	struct node_data __kptr * node_data;
+	int lookup_key  = NR_NODES / 2;
+	int lookup_data = NR_NODES / 2;
+	int i, data, ret = 0;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < NR_NODES && can_loop; i++) {
+		tnode = bpf_obj_new(typeof(*tnode));
+		if (!tnode)
+			return __LINE__;
+
+		node_data = bpf_obj_new(typeof(*node_data));
+		if (!node_data) {
+			bpf_obj_drop(tnode);
+			return __LINE__;
+		}
+
+		tnode->key = i;
+		node_data->data = i;
+
+		node_data = bpf_kptr_xchg(&tnode->node_data, node_data);
+		if (node_data)
+			bpf_obj_drop(node_data);
+
+		bpf_spin_lock(&lock);
+		bpf_rbtree_add(&root, &tnode->node, less);
+		bpf_spin_unlock(&lock);
+	}
+
+	bpf_spin_lock(&lock);
+	rb_n = bpf_rbtree_root(&root);
+	while (rb_n && can_loop) {
+		tnode = container_of(rb_n, struct tree_node, node);
+		node_data = bpf_kptr_xchg(&tnode->node_data, NULL);
+		if (!node_data) {
+			ret = __LINE__;
+			goto fail;
+		}
+
+		data = node_data->data;
+		node_data = bpf_kptr_xchg(&tnode->node_data, node_data);
+		if (node_data) {
+			bpf_spin_unlock(&lock);
+			bpf_obj_drop(node_data);
+			return __LINE__;
+		}
+
+		if (lookup_key == tnode->key) {
+			if (data == lookup_data)
+				break;
+
+			ret = __LINE__;
+			goto fail;
+		}
+
+		if (lookup_key < tnode->key)
+			rb_n = bpf_rbtree_left(&root, rb_n);
+		else
+			rb_n = bpf_rbtree_right(&root, rb_n);
+	}
+	bpf_spin_unlock(&lock);
+
+	while (can_loop) {
+		bpf_spin_lock(&lock);
+		rb_n = bpf_rbtree_first(&root);
+		if (!rb_n) {
+			bpf_spin_unlock(&lock);
+			return 0;
+		}
+
+		rb_n = bpf_rbtree_remove(&root, rb_n);
+		if (!rb_n) {
+			ret = __LINE__;
+			goto fail;
+		}
+		bpf_spin_unlock(&lock);
+
+		tnode = container_of(rb_n, struct tree_node, node);
+
+		node_data = bpf_kptr_xchg(&tnode->node_data, NULL);
+		if (node_data)
+			bpf_obj_drop(node_data);
+
+		bpf_obj_drop(tnode);
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+fail:
+	bpf_spin_unlock(&lock);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+
+SEC("syscall")
+__failure __msg("R1 type=scalar expected=map_value, ptr_, ptr_")
+long non_own_ref_kptr_xchg_no_lock(void *ctx)
+{
+	struct tree_node *tnode;
+	struct bpf_rb_node *rb_n;
+	struct node_data __kptr * node_data;
+	int data;
+
+	bpf_spin_lock(&lock);
+	rb_n = bpf_rbtree_first(&root);
+	if (!rb_n) {
+		bpf_spin_unlock(&lock);
+		return __LINE__;
+	}
+	bpf_spin_unlock(&lock);
+
+	tnode = container_of(rb_n, struct tree_node, node);
+	node_data = bpf_kptr_xchg(&tnode->node_data, NULL);
+	if (!node_data)
+		return __LINE__;
+
+	data = node_data->data;
+	if (data < 0)
+		return __LINE__;
+
+	node_data = bpf_kptr_xchg(&tnode->node_data, node_data);
+	if (node_data)
+		return __LINE__;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+char _license[] SEC("license") = "GPL";