slab: make kmalloc_index() return "unsigned int"

kmalloc_index() return index into an array of kmalloc kmem caches,
therefore should be unsigned.

Space savings with SLUB on trimmed down .config:

	add/remove: 0/1 grow/shrink: 6/56 up/down: 85/-557 (-472)
	Function                                     old     new   delta
	calculate_sizes                              924     983     +59
	on_freelist                                  589     604     +15
	init_cache_random_seq                        122     127      +5
	ext4_mb_init                                1206    1210      +4
	slab_pad_check.part                          270     271      +1
	cpu_partial_store                            112     113      +1
	usersize_show                                 28      27      -1
		...
	new_slab                                    1871    1837     -34
	slab_order                                   204       -    -204

This patch start a series of converting SLUB (mostly) to "unsigned int".

1) Most integers in the code are in fact unsigned entities: array
   indexes, lengths, buffer sizes, allocation orders. It is therefore
   better to use unsigned variables

2) Some integers in the code are either "size_t" or "unsigned long" for
   no reason.

   size_t usually comes from people trying to maintain type correctness
   and figuring out that "sizeof" operator returns size_t or
   memset/memcpy takes size_t so should everything passed to it.

   However the number of 4GB+ objects in the kernel is very small. Most,
   if not all, dynamically allocated objects with kmalloc() or
   kmem_cache_create() aren't actually big. Maintaining wide types
   doesn't do anything.

   64-bit ops are bigger than 32-bit on our beloved x86_64,
   so try to not use 64-bit where it isn't necessary
   (read: everywhere where integers are integers not pointers)

3) in case of SLAB allocators, there are additional limitations
   *) page->inuse, page->objects are only 16-/15-bit,
   *) cache size was always 32-bit
   *) slab orders are small, order 20 is needed to go 64-bit on x86_64
      (PAGE_SIZE << order)

Basically everything is 32-bit except kmalloc(1ULL<<32) which gets
shortcut through page allocator.

Christoph said:
:
: That changes with large base page size on power and ARM64 f.e. but then
: we do not want to encourage larger allocations through slab anyways.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180305200730.15812-2-adobriyan@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

include/linux/slab.h

@@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ extern struct kmem_cache *kmalloc_dma_caches[KMALLOC_SHIFT_HIGH + 1];
  * 2 = 129 .. 192 bytes
  * n = 2^(n-1)+1 .. 2^n
  */
-static __always_inline int kmalloc_index(size_t size)
+static __always_inline unsigned int kmalloc_index(size_t size)
 {
 	if (!size)
 		return 0;
@@ -504,7 +504,7 @@ static __always_inline void *kmalloc(size_t size, gfp_t flags)
 			return kmalloc_large(size, flags);
 #ifndef CONFIG_SLOB
 		if (!(flags & GFP_DMA)) {
-			int index = kmalloc_index(size);
+			unsigned int index = kmalloc_index(size);
 
 			if (!index)
 				return ZERO_SIZE_PTR;
@@ -542,7 +542,7 @@ static __always_inline void *kmalloc_node(size_t size, gfp_t flags, int node)
 #ifndef CONFIG_SLOB
 	if (__builtin_constant_p(size) &&
 		size <= KMALLOC_MAX_CACHE_SIZE && !(flags & GFP_DMA)) {
-		int i = kmalloc_index(size);
+		unsigned int i = kmalloc_index(size);
 
 		if (!i)
 			return ZERO_SIZE_PTR;