Šarūnas Nejus db9e044155 typing: add types to beets.dbcore (#6820)
### What changed

- This PR is mainly a typing pass over `beets.dbcore`, especially in
`db.py`, `query.py`, `sort.py`, and `types.py`.
- The main architecture change is in `db.py`: model materialization is
now centralized in `Database._make_model()`, while `Results` only
handles lazy row iteration and uses a materializer callback.
- Reloading is also cleaner now: `Model.get_fresh_from_db()` goes
through `Database._reload()`, which keeps database lookup logic in the
database layer and preserves the model's concrete type.
- Along the way, a few runtime mismatches found by typing were corrected
instead of just adjusting annotations.

### Why

- The goal is to make the typed API match the real behavior of `dbcore`.
- This improves separation of responsibilities: querying and result
iteration stay in `Results`, while row-to-model construction and reload
behavior live in `Database`.

### High-level impact

- `dbcore` has a clearer internal structure and a more explicit API
surface.
- Type information is more accurate across queries, sorting, models, and
field types, which should make future refactors safer.
- A few small correctness fixes are included:
  - `DurationType.format()` now always returns `str`.
- `PathType.from_sql()` only expands paths when the normalized value is
actually `bytes`.
- Several `__eq__` implementations now use explicit `isinstance(...)`
checks.
- Reload behavior now has regression coverage in
`test/dbcore/test_db.py`.
- Overall, this is a low-risk cleanup: mostly typing and API-shape
improvements, with a few small behavior fixes discovered during the
work.
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.. image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/beets.svg
    :target: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/beets

.. image:: https://img.shields.io/codecov/c/github/beetbox/beets.svg
    :target: https://app.codecov.io/github/beetbox/beets

.. image:: https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/beetbox/beets/ci.yaml
    :target: https://github.com/beetbox/beets/actions

.. image:: https://repology.org/badge/tiny-repos/beets.svg
    :target: https://repology.org/project/beets/versions

beets
=====

Beets is the media library management system for obsessive music geeks.

The purpose of beets is to get your music collection right once and for all. It
catalogs your collection, automatically improving its metadata as it goes. It
then provides a suite of tools for manipulating and accessing your music.

Here's an example of beets' brainy tag corrector doing its thing:

::

    $ beet import ~/music/ladytron
    Tagging:
        Ladytron - Witching Hour
    (Similarity: 98.4%)
     * Last One Standing      -> The Last One Standing
     * Beauty                 -> Beauty*2
     * White Light Generation -> Whitelightgenerator
     * All the Way            -> All the Way...

Because beets is designed as a library, it can do almost anything you can
imagine for your music collection. Via plugins_, beets becomes a panacea:

- Fetch or calculate all the metadata you could possibly need: `album art`_,
  lyrics_, genres_, tempos_, ReplayGain_ levels, or `acoustic fingerprints`_.
- Get metadata from MusicBrainz_, Discogs_, and Beatport_. Or guess metadata
  using songs' filenames or their acoustic fingerprints.
- `Transcode audio`_ to any format you like.
- Check your library for `duplicate tracks and albums`_ or for `albums that are
  missing tracks`_.
- Clean up crufty tags left behind by other, less-awesome tools.
- Embed and extract album art from files' metadata.
- Browse your music library graphically through a Web browser and play it in any
  browser that supports `HTML5 Audio`_.
- Analyze music files' metadata from the command line.
- Listen to your library with a music player that speaks the MPD_ protocol and
  works with a staggering variety of interfaces.

If beets doesn't do what you want yet, `writing your own plugin`_ is shockingly
simple if you know a little Python.

.. _acoustic fingerprints: https://beets.readthedocs.org/page/plugins/chroma.html

.. _album art: https://beets.readthedocs.org/page/plugins/fetchart.html

.. _albums that are missing tracks: https://beets.readthedocs.org/page/plugins/missing.html

.. _beatport: https://www.beatport.com

.. _discogs: https://www.discogs.com/

.. _duplicate tracks and albums: https://beets.readthedocs.org/page/plugins/duplicates.html

.. _genres: https://beets.readthedocs.org/page/plugins/lastgenre.html

.. _html5 audio: https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/media.html#the-audio-element

.. _lyrics: https://beets.readthedocs.org/page/plugins/lyrics.html

.. _mpd: https://www.musicpd.org/

.. _musicbrainz: https://musicbrainz.org/

.. _musicbrainz music collection: https://musicbrainz.org/doc/Collections/

.. _plugins: https://beets.readthedocs.org/page/plugins/

.. _replaygain: https://beets.readthedocs.org/page/plugins/replaygain.html

.. _tempos: https://beets.readthedocs.org/page/plugins/acousticbrainz.html

.. _transcode audio: https://beets.readthedocs.org/page/plugins/convert.html

.. _writing your own plugin: https://beets.readthedocs.org/page/dev/plugins/index.html

Install
-------

You can install beets by typing ``pip install beets`` or directly from Github
(see details here_). Beets has also been packaged in the `software
repositories`_ of several distributions. Check out the `Getting Started`_ guide
for more information.

.. _getting started: https://beets.readthedocs.org/page/guides/main.html

.. _here: https://beets.readthedocs.io/en/latest/faq.html#run-the-latest-source-version-of-beets

.. _software repositories: https://repology.org/project/beets/versions

Contribute
----------

Thank you for considering contributing to ``beets``! Whether you're a programmer
or not, you should be able to find all the info you need at CONTRIBUTING.rst_.

.. _contributing.rst: https://github.com/beetbox/beets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.rst

Read More
---------

Learn more about beets at `its Web site`_. Follow `@b33ts`_ on Mastodon for news
and updates.

.. _@b33ts: https://fosstodon.org/@beets

.. _its web site: https://beets.io/

Contact
-------

- Encountered a bug you'd like to report? Check out our `issue tracker`_!

  - If your issue hasn't already been reported, please `open a new ticket`_ and
    we'll be in touch with you shortly.
  - If you'd like to vote on a feature/bug, simply give a :+1: on issues you'd
    like to see prioritized over others.
  - Need help/support, would like to start a discussion, have an idea for a new
    feature, or would just like to introduce yourself to the team? Check out
    `GitHub Discussions`_!

.. _github discussions: https://github.com/beetbox/beets/discussions

.. _issue tracker: https://github.com/beetbox/beets/issues

.. _open a new ticket: https://github.com/beetbox/beets/issues/new/choose

Authors
-------

Beets is by `Adrian Sampson`_ with a supporting cast of thousands.

.. _adrian sampson: https://www.cs.cornell.edu/~asampson/
Description
music library manager and MusicBrainz tagger
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