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queue_userspace_packet() borrows the packet skb -- it only copies it into a private netlink message (user_skb) and does not own it; on return do_execute_actions() keeps forwarding it through the flow's remaining actions. Its error path nevertheless calls skb_tx_error(skb), which via skb_zcopy_clear() does skb_shinfo(skb)->flags &= ~SKBFL_ALL_ZEROCOPY, stripping SKBFL_SHARED_FRAG from that live skb (skb_tx_error()'s kerneldoc says "skb must be freed afterwards"). For a MSG_ZEROCOPY skb carrying page-cache frags, SKBFL_SHARED_FRAG is what makes esp_input() skb_cow_data() before in-place AEAD; once it is stripped a later local ESP-in-UDP delivery decrypts in place over pages the sender does not own -- an unprivileged page-cache write (the "Fragnesia" primitive). do_execute_actions() ignores output_userspace()'s return value, so any action after a failed USERSPACE upcall inherits the stripped skb. Move the skb_tx_error() to the flow-miss drop path - the "default" branch of ovs_dp_process_packet()'s switch(error), before kfree_skb(). The call has been here since commit36d5fe6a00("core, nfqueue, openvswitch: Orphan frags in skb_zerocopy and handle errors") but was harmless until esp_input() began relying on SKBFL_SHARED_FRAG to gate in-place decrypt; only then did stripping it on a still-forwarded skb become a page-cache write primitive. Fixes:36d5fe6a00("core, nfqueue, openvswitch: Orphan frags in skb_zerocopy and handle errors") Fixes:f4c50a4034("xfrm: esp: avoid in-place decrypt on shared skb frags") Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Assisted-by: Claude:claude-opus-5 Signed-off-by: Norbert Szetei <norbert@doyensec.com> Reviewed-by: Ilya Maximets <i.maximets@ovn.org> Tested-by: Jongmin Jang <payload.jang@gmail.com> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/55A52703-7548-4A55-A9CE-2A37145BDCAD@doyensec.com Signed-off-by: Paolo Abeni <pabeni@redhat.com>