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linux/scripts/Makefile.vmlinux
Ihor Solodrai 522397d05e resolve_btfids: Change in-place update with raw binary output 
Currently resolve_btfids updates .BTF_ids section of an ELF file
in-place, based on the contents of provided BTF, usually within the
same input file, and optionally a BTF base.

Change resolve_btfids behavior to enable BTF transformations as part
of its main operation. To achieve this, in-place ELF write in
resolve_btfids is replaced with generation of the following binaries:
  * ${1}.BTF with .BTF section data
  * ${1}.BTF_ids with .BTF_ids section data if it existed in ${1}
  * ${1}.BTF.base with .BTF.base section data for out-of-tree modules

The execution of resolve_btfids and consumption of its output is
orchestrated by scripts/gen-btf.sh introduced in this patch.

The motivation for emitting binary data is that it allows simplifying
resolve_btfids implementation by delegating ELF update to the $OBJCOPY
tool [1], which is already widely used across the codebase.

There are two distinct paths for BTF generation and resolve_btfids
application in the kernel build: for vmlinux and for kernel modules.

For the vmlinux binary a .BTF section is added in a roundabout way to
ensure correct linking. The patch doesn't change this approach, only
the implementation is a little different.

Before this patch it worked as follows:

  * pahole consumed .tmp_vmlinux1 [2] and added .BTF section with
    llvm-objcopy [3] to it
  * then everything except the .BTF section was stripped from .tmp_vmlinux1
    into a .tmp_vmlinux1.bpf.o object [2], later linked into vmlinux
  * resolve_btfids was executed later on vmlinux.unstripped [4],
    updating it in-place

After this patch gen-btf.sh implements the following:

  * pahole consumes .tmp_vmlinux1 and produces a *detached* file with
    raw BTF data
  * resolve_btfids consumes .tmp_vmlinux1 and detached BTF to produce
    (potentially modified) .BTF, and .BTF_ids sections data
  * a .tmp_vmlinux1.bpf.o object is then produced with objcopy copying
    BTF output of resolve_btfids
  * .BTF_ids data gets embedded into vmlinux.unstripped in
    link-vmlinux.sh by objcopy --update-section

For kernel modules, creating a special .bpf.o file is not necessary,
and so embedding of sections data produced by resolve_btfids is
straightforward with objcopy.

With this patch an ELF file becomes effectively read-only within
resolve_btfids, which allows deleting elf_update() call and satellite
code (like compressed_section_fix [5]).

Endianness handling of .BTF_ids data is also changed. Previously the
"flags" part of the section was bswapped in sets_patch() [6], and then
Elf_Type was modified before elf_update() to signal to libelf that
bswap may be necessary. With this patch we explicitly bswap entire
data buffer on load and on dump.

[1] https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/131b4190-9c49-4f79-a99d-c00fac97fa44@linux.dev/
[2] https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/tree/scripts/link-vmlinux.sh?h=v6.18#n110
[3] https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/devel/pahole/pahole.git/tree/btf_encoder.c?h=v1.31#n1803
[4] https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/tree/scripts/link-vmlinux.sh?h=v6.18#n284
[5] https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200819092342.259004-1-jolsa@kernel.org/
[6] https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/cover.1707223196.git.vmalik@redhat.com/

Signed-off-by: Ihor Solodrai <ihor.solodrai@linux.dev>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Alan Maguire <alan.maguire@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20251219181825.1289460-3-ihor.solodrai@linux.dev
2025-12-19 10:55:40 -08:00

175 lines
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Makefile
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# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
PHONY := __default
__default: vmlinux
include include/config/auto.conf
include $(srctree)/scripts/Kbuild.include
include $(srctree)/scripts/Makefile.lib
targets :=
%.o: %.c FORCE
$(call if_changed_rule,cc_o_c)
%.o: %.S FORCE
$(call if_changed_rule,as_o_S)
# Built-in dtb
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
quiet_cmd_wrap_dtbs = WRAP $@
cmd_wrap_dtbs = { \
echo '\#include <asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h>'; \
echo '.section .dtb.init.rodata,"a"'; \
while read dtb; do \
symbase=__dtb_$$(basename -s .dtb "$${dtb}" | tr - _); \
echo '.balign STRUCT_ALIGNMENT'; \
echo ".global $${symbase}_begin"; \
echo "$${symbase}_begin:"; \
echo '.incbin "'$$dtb'" '; \
echo ".global $${symbase}_end"; \
echo "$${symbase}_end:"; \
done < $<; \
} > $@
.builtin-dtbs.S: .builtin-dtbs-list FORCE
$(call if_changed,wrap_dtbs)
quiet_cmd_gen_dtbs_list = GEN $@
cmd_gen_dtbs_list = \
$(if $(CONFIG_BUILTIN_DTB_NAME), echo "arch/$(SRCARCH)/boot/dts/$(CONFIG_BUILTIN_DTB_NAME).dtb",:) > $@
.builtin-dtbs-list: arch/$(SRCARCH)/boot/dts/dtbs-list FORCE
$(call if_changed,$(if $(CONFIG_BUILTIN_DTB_ALL),copy,gen_dtbs_list))
targets += .builtin-dtbs-list
ifdef CONFIG_GENERIC_BUILTIN_DTB
targets += .builtin-dtbs.S .builtin-dtbs.o
vmlinux.unstripped: .builtin-dtbs.o
endif
# vmlinux.unstripped
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_WANTS_PRE_LINK_VMLINUX
vmlinux.unstripped: arch/$(SRCARCH)/tools/vmlinux.arch.o
arch/$(SRCARCH)/tools/vmlinux.arch.o: vmlinux.o FORCE
$(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=arch/$(SRCARCH)/tools $@
endif
ARCH_POSTLINK := $(wildcard $(srctree)/arch/$(SRCARCH)/Makefile.postlink)
# Final link of vmlinux with optional arch pass after final link
cmd_link_vmlinux = \
$< "$(LD)" "$(KBUILD_LDFLAGS)" "$(LDFLAGS_vmlinux)" "$@"; \
$(if $(ARCH_POSTLINK), $(MAKE) -f $(ARCH_POSTLINK) $@, true)
targets += vmlinux.unstripped .vmlinux.export.o
vmlinux.unstripped: scripts/link-vmlinux.sh vmlinux.o .vmlinux.export.o $(KBUILD_LDS) FORCE
+$(call if_changed_dep,link_vmlinux)
ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_BTF
vmlinux.unstripped: $(RESOLVE_BTFIDS) $(srctree)/scripts/gen-btf.sh
endif
ifdef CONFIG_BUILDTIME_TABLE_SORT
vmlinux.unstripped: scripts/sorttable
endif
# vmlinux
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
remove-section-y := .modinfo
remove-section-$(CONFIG_ARCH_VMLINUX_NEEDS_RELOCS) += '.rel*' '!.rel*.dyn'
# for compatibility with binutils < 2.32
# https://sourceware.org/git/?p=binutils-gdb.git;a=commit;h=c12d9fa2afe7abcbe407a00e15719e1a1350c2a7
remove-section-$(CONFIG_ARCH_VMLINUX_NEEDS_RELOCS) += '.rel.*'
remove-symbols := -w --strip-unneeded-symbol='__mod_device_table__*'
# To avoid warnings: "empty loadable segment detected at ..." from GNU objcopy,
# it is necessary to remove the PT_LOAD flag from the segment.
quiet_cmd_strip_relocs = OBJCOPY $@
cmd_strip_relocs = $(OBJCOPY) $(patsubst %,--set-section-flags %=noload,$(remove-section-y)) $< $@; \
$(OBJCOPY) $(addprefix --remove-section=,$(remove-section-y)) $(remove-symbols) $@
targets += vmlinux
vmlinux: vmlinux.unstripped FORCE
$(call if_changed,strip_relocs)
# modules.builtin.modinfo
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# .modinfo in vmlinux.unstripped is aligned to 8 bytes for compatibility with
# tools that expect vmlinux to have sufficiently aligned sections but the
# additional bytes used for padding .modinfo to satisfy this requirement break
# certain versions of kmod with
#
# depmod: ERROR: kmod_builtin_iter_next: unexpected string without modname prefix
#
# Strip the trailing padding bytes after extracting .modinfo to comply with
# what kmod expects to parse.
quiet_cmd_modules_builtin_modinfo = GEN $@
cmd_modules_builtin_modinfo = $(cmd_objcopy); \
sed -i 's/\x00\+$$/\x00/g' $@
OBJCOPYFLAGS_modules.builtin.modinfo := -j .modinfo -O binary
targets += modules.builtin.modinfo
modules.builtin.modinfo: vmlinux.unstripped FORCE
$(call if_changed,modules_builtin_modinfo)
# modules.builtin
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
__default: modules.builtin
# The second line aids cases where multiple modules share the same object.
quiet_cmd_modules_builtin = GEN $@
cmd_modules_builtin = \
tr '\0' '\n' < $< | \
sed -n 's/^[[:alnum:]:_]*\.file=//p' | \
tr ' ' '\n' | uniq | sed -e 's:^:kernel/:' -e 's/$$/.ko/' > $@
targets += modules.builtin
modules.builtin: modules.builtin.modinfo FORCE
$(call if_changed,modules_builtin)
# modules.builtin.ranges
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ifdef CONFIG_BUILTIN_MODULE_RANGES
__default: modules.builtin.ranges
quiet_cmd_modules_builtin_ranges = GEN $@
cmd_modules_builtin_ranges = gawk -f $(real-prereqs) > $@
targets += modules.builtin.ranges
modules.builtin.ranges: $(srctree)/scripts/generate_builtin_ranges.awk \
modules.builtin vmlinux.map vmlinux.o.map FORCE
$(call if_changed,modules_builtin_ranges)
vmlinux.map: vmlinux.unstripped
@:
endif
# Add FORCE to the prerequisites of a target to force it to be always rebuilt.
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
PHONY += FORCE
FORCE:
# Read all saved command lines and dependencies for the $(targets) we
# may be building above, using $(if_changed{,_dep}). As an
# optimization, we don't need to read them if the target does not
# exist, we will rebuild anyway in that case.
existing-targets := $(wildcard $(sort $(targets)))
-include $(foreach f,$(existing-targets),$(dir $(f)).$(notdir $(f)).cmd)
.PHONY: $(PHONY)
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