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38cc91db2e87ab55bfca2b194e791867b77f9e55
linux/lib/Makefile
Burak Emir 38cc91db2e rust: add find_bit_benchmark_rust module. 
Microbenchmark protected by a config FIND_BIT_BENCHMARK_RUST,
following `find_bit_benchmark.c` but testing the Rust Bitmap API.

We add a fill_random() method protected by the config in order to
maintain the abstraction.

The sample output from the benchmark, both C and Rust version:

find_bit_benchmark.c output:
```
Start testing find_bit() with random-filled bitmap
[  438.101937] find_next_bit:                  860188 ns, 163419 iterations
[  438.109471] find_next_zero_bit:             912342 ns, 164262 iterations
[  438.116820] find_last_bit:                  726003 ns, 163419 iterations
[  438.130509] find_nth_bit:                  7056993 ns,  16269 iterations
[  438.139099] find_first_bit:                1963272 ns,  16270 iterations
[  438.173043] find_first_and_bit:           27314224 ns,  32654 iterations
[  438.180065] find_next_and_bit:              398752 ns,  73705 iterations
[  438.186689]
               Start testing find_bit() with sparse bitmap
[  438.193375] find_next_bit:                    9675 ns,    656 iterations
[  438.201765] find_next_zero_bit:            1766136 ns, 327025 iterations
[  438.208429] find_last_bit:                    9017 ns,    656 iterations
[  438.217816] find_nth_bit:                  2749742 ns,    655 iterations
[  438.225168] find_first_bit:                 721799 ns,    656 iterations
[  438.231797] find_first_and_bit:               2819 ns,      1 iterations
[  438.238441] find_next_and_bit:                3159 ns,      1 iterations
```

find_bit_benchmark_rust.rs output:
```
[  451.182459] find_bit_benchmark_rust:
[  451.186688] Start testing find_bit() Rust with random-filled bitmap
[  451.194450] next_bit:                       777950 ns, 163644 iterations
[  451.201997] next_zero_bit:                  918889 ns, 164036 iterations
[  451.208642] Start testing find_bit() Rust with sparse bitmap
[  451.214300] next_bit:                         9181 ns,    654 iterations
[  451.222806] next_zero_bit:                 1855504 ns, 327026 iterations
```

Here are the results from 32 samples, with 95% confidence interval.
The microbenchmark was built with RUST_BITMAP_HARDENED=n and run on a
machine that did not execute other processes.

Random-filled bitmap:
+-----------+-------+-----------+--------------+-----------+-----------+
| Benchmark | Lang  | Mean (ms) | Std Dev (ms) | 95% CI Lo | 95% CI Hi |
+-----------+-------+-----------+--------------+-----------+-----------+
| find_bit/ | C     |    825.07 |        53.89 |    806.40 |    843.74 |
| next_bit  | Rust  |    870.91 |        46.29 |    854.88 |    886.95 |
+-----------+-------+-----------+--------------+-----------+-----------+
| find_zero/| C     |    933.56 |        56.34 |    914.04 |    953.08 |
| next_zero | Rust  |    945.85 |        60.44 |    924.91 |    966.79 |
+-----------+-------+-----------+--------------+-----------+-----------+

Rust appears 5.5% slower for next_bit, 1.3% slower for next_zero.

Sparse bitmap:
+-----------+-------+-----------+--------------+-----------+-----------+
| Benchmark | Lang  | Mean (ms) | Std Dev (ms) | 95% CI Lo | 95% CI Hi |
+-----------+-------+-----------+--------------+-----------+-----------+
| find_bit/ | C     |     13.17 |         6.21 |     11.01 |     15.32 |
| next_bit  | Rust  |     14.30 |         8.27 |     11.43 |     17.17 |
+-----------+-------+-----------+--------------+-----------+-----------+
| find_zero/| C     |   1859.31 |        82.30 |   1830.80 |   1887.83 |
| next_zero | Rust  |   1908.09 |       139.82 |   1859.65 |   1956.54 |
+-----------+-------+-----------+--------------+-----------+-----------+

Rust appears 8.5% slower for next_bit, 2.6% slower for next_zero.

In summary, taking the arithmetic mean of all slow-downs, we can say
the Rust API has a 4.5% slowdown.

Suggested-by: Alice Ryhl <aliceryhl@google.com>
Suggested-by: Yury Norov (NVIDIA) <yury.norov@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Yury Norov (NVIDIA) <yury.norov@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Alice Ryhl <aliceryhl@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Burak Emir <bqe@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Yury Norov (NVIDIA) <yury.norov@gmail.com>
2025-09-22 15:52:44 -04:00

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# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
#
# Makefile for some libs needed in the kernel.
#
ccflags-remove-$(CONFIG_FUNCTION_TRACER) += $(CC_FLAGS_FTRACE)
# Branch profiling isn't noinstr-safe
ifdef CONFIG_TRACE_BRANCH_PROFILING
CFLAGS_smp_processor_id.o += -DDISABLE_BRANCH_PROFILING
endif
# These files are disabled because they produce lots of non-interesting and/or
# flaky coverage that is not a function of syscall inputs. For example,
# rbtree can be global and individual rotations don't correlate with inputs.
KCOV_INSTRUMENT_string.o := n
KCOV_INSTRUMENT_rbtree.o := n
KCOV_INSTRUMENT_list_debug.o := n
KCOV_INSTRUMENT_debugobjects.o := n
KCOV_INSTRUMENT_dynamic_debug.o := n
KCOV_INSTRUMENT_fault-inject.o := n
KCOV_INSTRUMENT_find_bit.o := n
# string.o implements standard library functions like memset/memcpy etc.
# Use -ffreestanding to ensure that the compiler does not try to "optimize"
# them into calls to themselves.
CFLAGS_string.o := -ffreestanding
# Early boot use of cmdline, don't instrument it
ifdef CONFIG_AMD_MEM_ENCRYPT
KASAN_SANITIZE_string.o := n
CFLAGS_string.o += -fno-stack-protector
endif
lib-y := ctype.o string.o vsprintf.o cmdline.o \
rbtree.o radix-tree.o timerqueue.o xarray.o \
maple_tree.o idr.o extable.o irq_regs.o argv_split.o \
flex_proportions.o ratelimit.o \
is_single_threaded.o plist.o decompress.o kobject_uevent.o \
earlycpio.o seq_buf.o siphash.o dec_and_lock.o \
nmi_backtrace.o win_minmax.o memcat_p.o \
buildid.o objpool.o iomem_copy.o sys_info.o
lib-$(CONFIG_UNION_FIND) += union_find.o
lib-$(CONFIG_PRINTK) += dump_stack.o
lib-$(CONFIG_SMP) += cpumask.o
lib-$(CONFIG_MIN_HEAP) += min_heap.o
lib-y += kobject.o klist.o
obj-y += lockref.o
obj-y += bcd.o sort.o parser.o debug_locks.o random32.o \
bust_spinlocks.o kasprintf.o bitmap.o scatterlist.o \
list_sort.o uuid.o iov_iter.o clz_ctz.o \
bsearch.o find_bit.o llist.o lwq.o memweight.o kfifo.o \
percpu-refcount.o rhashtable.o base64.o \
once.o refcount.o rcuref.o usercopy.o errseq.o bucket_locks.o \
generic-radix-tree.o bitmap-str.o
obj-y += string_helpers.o
obj-y += hexdump.o
obj-$(CONFIG_TEST_HEXDUMP) += test_hexdump.o
obj-y += kstrtox.o
obj-$(CONFIG_FIND_BIT_BENCHMARK) += find_bit_benchmark.o
obj-$(CONFIG_FIND_BIT_BENCHMARK_RUST) += find_bit_benchmark_rust.o
obj-$(CONFIG_TEST_BPF) += test_bpf.o
test_dhry-objs := dhry_1.o dhry_2.o dhry_run.o
obj-$(CONFIG_TEST_DHRY) += test_dhry.o
obj-$(CONFIG_TEST_FIRMWARE) += test_firmware.o
obj-$(CONFIG_TEST_BITOPS) += test_bitops.o
CFLAGS_test_bitops.o += -Werror
obj-$(CONFIG_TEST_SYSCTL) += test_sysctl.o
obj-$(CONFIG_TEST_IDA) += test_ida.o
obj-$(CONFIG_TEST_UBSAN) += test_ubsan.o
CFLAGS_test_ubsan.o += $(call cc-disable-warning, unused-but-set-variable)
UBSAN_SANITIZE_test_ubsan.o := y
obj-$(CONFIG_TEST_KSTRTOX) += test-kstrtox.o
obj-$(CONFIG_TEST_MIN_HEAP) += test_min_heap.o
obj-$(CONFIG_TEST_LKM) += test_module.o
obj-$(CONFIG_TEST_VMALLOC) += test_vmalloc.o
obj-$(CONFIG_TEST_RHASHTABLE) += test_rhashtable.o
obj-$(CONFIG_TEST_STATIC_KEYS) += test_static_keys.o
obj-$(CONFIG_TEST_STATIC_KEYS) += test_static_key_base.o
obj-$(CONFIG_TEST_DYNAMIC_DEBUG) += test_dynamic_debug.o
obj-$(CONFIG_TEST_BITMAP) += test_bitmap.o
ifeq ($(CONFIG_CC_IS_CLANG)$(CONFIG_KASAN),yy)
# FIXME: Clang breaks test_bitmap_const_eval when KASAN and GCOV are enabled
GCOV_PROFILE_test_bitmap.o := n
endif
obj-$(CONFIG_TEST_UUID) += test_uuid.o
obj-$(CONFIG_TEST_XARRAY) += test_xarray.o
obj-$(CONFIG_TEST_MAPLE_TREE) += test_maple_tree.o
obj-$(CONFIG_TEST_PARMAN) += test_parman.o
obj-$(CONFIG_TEST_KMOD) += test_kmod.o
obj-$(CONFIG_TEST_DEBUG_VIRTUAL) += test_debug_virtual.o
obj-$(CONFIG_TEST_MEMCAT_P) += test_memcat_p.o
obj-$(CONFIG_TEST_OBJAGG) += test_objagg.o
obj-$(CONFIG_TEST_MEMINIT) += test_meminit.o
obj-$(CONFIG_TEST_LOCKUP) += test_lockup.o
obj-$(CONFIG_TEST_HMM) += test_hmm.o
obj-$(CONFIG_TEST_FREE_PAGES) += test_free_pages.o
obj-$(CONFIG_TEST_REF_TRACKER) += test_ref_tracker.o
obj-$(CONFIG_TEST_OBJPOOL) += test_objpool.o
obj-$(CONFIG_TEST_KEXEC_HANDOVER) += test_kho.o
obj-$(CONFIG_TEST_FPU) += test_fpu.o
test_fpu-y := test_fpu_glue.o test_fpu_impl.o
CFLAGS_test_fpu_impl.o += $(CC_FLAGS_FPU)
CFLAGS_REMOVE_test_fpu_impl.o += $(CC_FLAGS_NO_FPU)
# Some KUnit files (hooks.o) need to be built-in even when KUnit is a module,
# so we can't just use obj-$(CONFIG_KUNIT).
ifdef CONFIG_KUNIT
obj-y += kunit/
endif
ifeq ($(CONFIG_DEBUG_KOBJECT),y)
CFLAGS_kobject.o += -DDEBUG
CFLAGS_kobject_uevent.o += -DDEBUG
endif
obj-$(CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_REDUCED) += debug_info.o
CFLAGS_debug_info.o += $(call cc-option, -femit-struct-debug-detailed=any)
obj-y += math/ crc/ crypto/ tests/ vdso/
obj-$(CONFIG_GENERIC_IOMAP) += iomap.o
obj-$(CONFIG_HAS_IOMEM) += iomap_copy.o devres.o
obj-$(CONFIG_CHECK_SIGNATURE) += check_signature.o
obj-$(CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCKING_API_SELFTESTS) += locking-selftest.o
lib-y += logic_pio.o
lib-$(CONFIG_INDIRECT_IOMEM) += logic_iomem.o
obj-$(CONFIG_TRACE_MMIO_ACCESS) += trace_readwrite.o
obj-$(CONFIG_GENERIC_HWEIGHT) += hweight.o
obj-$(CONFIG_BTREE) += btree.o
obj-$(CONFIG_INTERVAL_TREE) += interval_tree.o
obj-$(CONFIG_ASSOCIATIVE_ARRAY) += assoc_array.o
obj-$(CONFIG_DEBUG_PREEMPT) += smp_processor_id.o
obj-$(CONFIG_LIST_HARDENED) += list_debug.o
obj-$(CONFIG_DEBUG_OBJECTS) += debugobjects.o
obj-$(CONFIG_BITREVERSE) += bitrev.o
obj-$(CONFIG_LINEAR_RANGES) += linear_ranges.o
obj-$(CONFIG_PACKING) += packing.o
obj-$(CONFIG_PACKING_KUNIT_TEST) += packing_test.o
obj-$(CONFIG_XXHASH) += xxhash.o
obj-$(CONFIG_GENERIC_ALLOCATOR) += genalloc.o
obj-$(CONFIG_842_COMPRESS) += 842/
obj-$(CONFIG_842_DECOMPRESS) += 842/
obj-$(CONFIG_ZLIB_INFLATE) += zlib_inflate/
obj-$(CONFIG_ZLIB_DEFLATE) += zlib_deflate/
obj-$(CONFIG_ZLIB_DFLTCC) += zlib_dfltcc/
obj-$(CONFIG_REED_SOLOMON) += reed_solomon/
obj-$(CONFIG_BCH) += bch.o
obj-$(CONFIG_LZO_COMPRESS) += lzo/
obj-$(CONFIG_LZO_DECOMPRESS) += lzo/
obj-$(CONFIG_LZ4_COMPRESS) += lz4/
obj-$(CONFIG_LZ4HC_COMPRESS) += lz4/
obj-$(CONFIG_LZ4_DECOMPRESS) += lz4/
obj-$(CONFIG_ZSTD_COMPRESS) += zstd/
obj-$(CONFIG_ZSTD_DECOMPRESS) += zstd/
obj-$(CONFIG_XZ_DEC) += xz/
obj-$(CONFIG_RAID6_PQ) += raid6/
lib-$(CONFIG_DECOMPRESS_GZIP) += decompress_inflate.o
lib-$(CONFIG_DECOMPRESS_BZIP2) += decompress_bunzip2.o
lib-$(CONFIG_DECOMPRESS_LZMA) += decompress_unlzma.o
lib-$(CONFIG_DECOMPRESS_XZ) += decompress_unxz.o
lib-$(CONFIG_DECOMPRESS_LZO) += decompress_unlzo.o
lib-$(CONFIG_DECOMPRESS_LZ4) += decompress_unlz4.o
lib-$(CONFIG_DECOMPRESS_ZSTD) += decompress_unzstd.o
obj-$(CONFIG_TEXTSEARCH) += textsearch.o
obj-$(CONFIG_TEXTSEARCH_KMP) += ts_kmp.o
obj-$(CONFIG_TEXTSEARCH_BM) += ts_bm.o
obj-$(CONFIG_TEXTSEARCH_FSM) += ts_fsm.o
obj-$(CONFIG_SMP) += percpu_counter.o
obj-$(CONFIG_AUDIT_GENERIC) += audit.o
obj-$(CONFIG_AUDIT_COMPAT_GENERIC) += compat_audit.o
obj-$(CONFIG_IOMMU_HELPER) += iommu-helper.o
obj-$(CONFIG_FAULT_INJECTION) += fault-inject.o
obj-$(CONFIG_FAULT_INJECTION_USERCOPY) += fault-inject-usercopy.o
obj-$(CONFIG_NOTIFIER_ERROR_INJECTION) += notifier-error-inject.o
obj-$(CONFIG_PM_NOTIFIER_ERROR_INJECT) += pm-notifier-error-inject.o
obj-$(CONFIG_NETDEV_NOTIFIER_ERROR_INJECT) += netdev-notifier-error-inject.o
obj-$(CONFIG_MEMORY_NOTIFIER_ERROR_INJECT) += memory-notifier-error-inject.o
obj-$(CONFIG_OF_RECONFIG_NOTIFIER_ERROR_INJECT) += \
of-reconfig-notifier-error-inject.o
obj-$(CONFIG_FUNCTION_ERROR_INJECTION) += error-inject.o
obj-$(CONFIG_CODE_TAGGING) += codetag.o
obj-$(CONFIG_MEM_ALLOC_PROFILING) += alloc_tag.o
lib-$(CONFIG_GENERIC_BUG) += bug.o
obj-$(CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_TRACEHOOK) += syscall.o
obj-$(CONFIG_ARCH_NEED_CMPXCHG_1_EMU) += cmpxchg-emu.o
obj-$(CONFIG_DYNAMIC_DEBUG_CORE) += dynamic_debug.o
#ensure exported functions have prototypes
CFLAGS_dynamic_debug.o := -DDYNAMIC_DEBUG_MODULE
obj-$(CONFIG_SYMBOLIC_ERRNAME) += errname.o
obj-$(CONFIG_NLATTR) += nlattr.o
obj-$(CONFIG_LRU_CACHE) += lru_cache.o
obj-$(CONFIG_GENERIC_CSUM) += checksum.o
obj-$(CONFIG_GENERIC_ATOMIC64) += atomic64.o
obj-$(CONFIG_ATOMIC64_SELFTEST) += atomic64_test.o
obj-$(CONFIG_CPU_RMAP) += cpu_rmap.o
obj-$(CONFIG_CLOSURES) += closure.o
obj-$(CONFIG_DQL) += dynamic_queue_limits.o
obj-$(CONFIG_GLOB) += glob.o
obj-$(CONFIG_GLOB_SELFTEST) += globtest.o
obj-$(CONFIG_DIMLIB) += dim/
obj-$(CONFIG_SIGNATURE) += digsig.o
lib-$(CONFIG_CLZ_TAB) += clz_tab.o
obj-$(CONFIG_GENERIC_STRNCPY_FROM_USER) += strncpy_from_user.o
obj-$(CONFIG_GENERIC_STRNLEN_USER) += strnlen_user.o
obj-$(CONFIG_GENERIC_NET_UTILS) += net_utils.o
obj-$(CONFIG_SG_SPLIT) += sg_split.o
obj-$(CONFIG_SG_POOL) += sg_pool.o
obj-$(CONFIG_MEMREGION) += memregion.o
obj-$(CONFIG_STMP_DEVICE) += stmp_device.o
obj-$(CONFIG_IRQ_POLL) += irq_poll.o
obj-$(CONFIG_POLYNOMIAL) += polynomial.o
# stackdepot.c should not be instrumented or call instrumented functions.
# Prevent the compiler from calling builtins like memcmp() or bcmp() from this
# file.
CFLAGS_stackdepot.o += -fno-builtin
obj-$(CONFIG_STACKDEPOT) += stackdepot.o
KASAN_SANITIZE_stackdepot.o := n
# In particular, instrumenting stackdepot.c with KMSAN will result in infinite
# recursion.
KMSAN_SANITIZE_stackdepot.o := n
KCOV_INSTRUMENT_stackdepot.o := n
obj-$(CONFIG_REF_TRACKER) += ref_tracker.o
libfdt_files = fdt.o fdt_ro.o fdt_wip.o fdt_rw.o fdt_sw.o fdt_strerror.o \
fdt_empty_tree.o fdt_addresses.o
$(foreach file, $(libfdt_files), \
$(eval CFLAGS_$(file) = -I $(srctree)/scripts/dtc/libfdt))
lib-$(CONFIG_LIBFDT) += $(libfdt_files)
obj-$(CONFIG_BOOT_CONFIG) += bootconfig.o
obj-$(CONFIG_BOOT_CONFIG_EMBED) += bootconfig-data.o
$(obj)/bootconfig-data.o: $(obj)/default.bconf
targets += default.bconf
filechk_defbconf = cat $(or $(real-prereqs), /dev/null)
$(obj)/default.bconf: $(CONFIG_BOOT_CONFIG_EMBED_FILE) FORCE
$(call filechk,defbconf)
obj-$(CONFIG_RBTREE_TEST) += rbtree_test.o
obj-$(CONFIG_INTERVAL_TREE_TEST) += interval_tree_test.o
obj-$(CONFIG_PERCPU_TEST) += percpu_test.o
obj-$(CONFIG_ASN1) += asn1_decoder.o
obj-$(CONFIG_ASN1_ENCODER) += asn1_encoder.o
obj-$(CONFIG_FONT_SUPPORT) += fonts/
#
# Build a fast OID lookip registry from include/linux/oid_registry.h
#
obj-$(CONFIG_OID_REGISTRY) += oid_registry.o
$(obj)/oid_registry.o: $(obj)/oid_registry_data.c
$(obj)/oid_registry_data.c: $(srctree)/include/linux/oid_registry.h \
$(src)/build_OID_registry
$(call cmd,build_OID_registry)
quiet_cmd_build_OID_registry = GEN $@
cmd_build_OID_registry = perl $(src)/build_OID_registry $< $@
clean-files += oid_registry_data.c
obj-$(CONFIG_UCS2_STRING) += ucs2_string.o
obj-$(CONFIG_UBSAN) += ubsan.o
UBSAN_SANITIZE_ubsan.o := n
KASAN_SANITIZE_ubsan.o := n
KCSAN_SANITIZE_ubsan.o := n
CFLAGS_ubsan.o := -fno-stack-protector $(DISABLE_KSTACK_ERASE)
obj-$(CONFIG_SBITMAP) += sbitmap.o
obj-$(CONFIG_PARMAN) += parman.o
obj-y += group_cpus.o
# GCC library routines
obj-$(CONFIG_GENERIC_LIB_ASHLDI3) += ashldi3.o
obj-$(CONFIG_GENERIC_LIB_ASHRDI3) += ashrdi3.o
obj-$(CONFIG_GENERIC_LIB_LSHRDI3) += lshrdi3.o
obj-$(CONFIG_GENERIC_LIB_MULDI3) += muldi3.o
obj-$(CONFIG_GENERIC_LIB_CMPDI2) += cmpdi2.o
obj-$(CONFIG_GENERIC_LIB_UCMPDI2) += ucmpdi2.o
obj-$(CONFIG_OBJAGG) += objagg.o
# pldmfw library
obj-$(CONFIG_PLDMFW) += pldmfw/
obj-$(CONFIG_GENERIC_LIB_DEVMEM_IS_ALLOWED) += devmem_is_allowed.o
obj-$(CONFIG_FIRMWARE_TABLE) += fw_table.o
subdir-$(CONFIG_FORTIFY_SOURCE) += test_fortify
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