Pull Rust updates from Miguel Ojeda:
"Toolchain and infrastructure:
- Bump the minimum Rust version to 1.85.0 (and 'bindgen' to 0.71.1).
As proposed in LPC 2025 and the Maintainers Summit [1], we are
going to follow Debian Stable's Rust versions as our minimum
versions.
Debian Trixie was released on 2025-08-09 with a Rust 1.85.0 and
'bindgen' 0.71.1 toolchain, which is a fair amount of time for e.g.
kernel developers to upgrade.
Other major distributions support a Rust version that is high
enough as well, including:
+ Arch Linux.
+ Fedora Linux.
+ Gentoo Linux.
+ Nix.
+ openSUSE Slowroll and openSUSE Tumbleweed.
+ Ubuntu 25.10 and 26.04 LTS. In addition, 24.04 LTS using
their versioned packages.
The merged patch series comes with the associated cleanups and
simplifications treewide that can be performed thanks to both
bumps, as well as documentation updates.
In addition, start using 'bindgen''s '--with-attribute-custom-enum'
feature to set the 'cfi_encoding' attribute for the 'lru_status'
enum used in Binder.
Link: https://lwn.net/Articles/1050174/ [1]
- Add experimental Kconfig option ('CONFIG_RUST_INLINE_HELPERS') that
inlines C helpers into Rust.
Essentially, it performs a step similar to LTO, but just for the
helpers, i.e. very local and fast.
It relies on 'llvm-link' and its '--internalize' flag, and requires
a compatible LLVM between Clang and 'rustc' (i.e. same major
version, 'CONFIG_RUSTC_CLANG_LLVM_COMPATIBLE'). It is only enabled
for two architectures for now.
The result is a measurable speedup in different workloads that
different users have tested. For instance, for the null block
driver, it amounts to a 2%.
- Support global per-version flags.
While we already have per-version flags in many places, we didn't
have a place to set global ones that depend on the compiler
version, i.e. in 'rust_common_flags', which sometimes is needed to
e.g. tweak the lints set per version.
Use that to allow the 'clippy::precedence' lint for Rust < 1.86.0,
since it had a change in behavior.
- Support overriding the crate name and apply it to Rust Binder,
which wanted the module to be called 'rust_binder'.
- Add the remaining '__rust_helper' annotations (started in the
previous cycle).
'kernel' crate:
- Introduce the 'const_assert!' macro: a more powerful version of
'static_assert!' that can refer to generics inside functions or
implementation bodies, e.g.:
fn f<const N: usize>() {
const_assert!(N > 1);
}
fn g<T>() {
const_assert!(size_of::<T>() > 0, "T cannot be ZST");
}
In addition, reorganize our set of build-time assertion macros
('{build,const,static_assert}!') to live in the 'build_assert'
module.
Finally, improve the docs as well to clarify how these are
different from one another and how to pick the right one to use,
and their equivalence (if any) to the existing C ones for extra
clarity.
- 'sizes' module: add 'SizeConstants' trait.
This gives us typed 'SZ_*' constants (avoiding casts) for use in
device address spaces where the address width depends on the
hardware (e.g. 32-bit MMIO windows, 64-bit GPU framebuffers, etc.),
e.g.:
let gpu_heap = 14 * u64::SZ_1M;
let mmio_window = u32::SZ_16M;
- 'clk' module: implement 'Send' and 'Sync' for 'Clk' and thus
simplify the users in Tyr and PWM.
- 'ptr' module: add 'const_align_up'.
- 'str' module: improve the documentation of the 'c_str!' macro to
explain that one should only use it for non-literal cases (for the
other case we instead use C string literals, e.g. 'c"abc"').
- Disallow the use of 'CStr::{as_ptr,from_ptr}' and clean one such
use in the 'task' module.
- 'sync' module: finish the move of 'ARef' and 'AlwaysRefCounted'
outside of the 'types' module, i.e. update the last remaining
instances and finally remove the re-exports.
- 'error' module: clarify that 'from_err_ptr' can return 'Ok(NULL)',
including runtime-tested examples.
The intention is to hopefully prevent UB that assumes the result of
the function is not 'NULL' if successful. This originated from a
case of UB I noticed in 'regulator' that created a 'NonNull' on it.
Timekeeping:
- Expand the example section in the 'HrTimer' documentation.
- Mark the 'ClockSource' trait as unsafe to ensure valid values for
'ktime_get()'.
- Add 'Delta::from_nanos()'.
'pin-init' crate:
- Replace the 'Zeroable' impls for 'Option<NonZero*>' with impls of
'ZeroableOption' for 'NonZero*'.
- Improve feature gate handling for unstable features.
- Declutter the documentation of implementations of 'Zeroable' for
tuples.
- Replace uses of 'addr_of[_mut]!' with '&raw [mut]'.
rust-analyzer:
- Add type annotations to 'generate_rust_analyzer.py'.
- Add support for scripts written in Rust ('generate_rust_target.rs',
'rustdoc_test_builder.rs', 'rustdoc_test_gen.rs').
- Refactor 'generate_rust_analyzer.py' to explicitly identify host
and target crates, improve readability, and reduce duplication.
And some other fixes, cleanups and improvements"
* tag 'rust-7.1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ojeda/linux: (79 commits)
rust: sizes: add SizeConstants trait for device address space constants
rust: kernel: update `file_with_nul` comment
rust: kbuild: allow `clippy::precedence` for Rust < 1.86.0
rust: kbuild: support global per-version flags
rust: declare cfi_encoding for lru_status
docs: rust: general-information: use real example
docs: rust: general-information: simplify Kconfig example
docs: rust: quick-start: remove GDB/Binutils mention
docs: rust: quick-start: remove Nix "unstable channel" note
docs: rust: quick-start: remove Gentoo "testing" note
docs: rust: quick-start: add Ubuntu 26.04 LTS and remove subsection title
docs: rust: quick-start: update minimum Ubuntu version
docs: rust: quick-start: update Ubuntu versioned packages
docs: rust: quick-start: openSUSE provides `rust-src` package nowadays
rust: kbuild: remove "dummy parameter" workaround for `bindgen` < 0.71.1
rust: kbuild: update `bindgen --rust-target` version and replace comment
rust: rust_is_available: remove warning for `bindgen` < 0.69.5 && libclang >= 19.1
rust: rust_is_available: remove warning for `bindgen` 0.66.[01]
rust: bump `bindgen` minimum supported version to 0.71.1 (Debian Trixie)
rust: block: update `const_refs_to_static` MSRV TODO comment
...
Pull timekeeping updates from Andreas Hindborg:
- Expand the example section in the 'HrTimer' documentation.
- Mark the 'ClockSource' trait as unsafe to ensure valid values for
'ktime_get()'.
- Add 'Delta::from_nanos()'.
This is a back merge since the pull request has a newer base -- we will
avoid that in the future.
And, given it is a back merge, it happens to resolve the "subtle" conflict
around '--remap-path-{prefix,scope}' that I discussed in linux-next [1],
plus a few other common conflicts. The result matches what we did for
next-20260407.
The actual diffstat (i.e. using a temporary merge of upstream first) is:
rust/kernel/time.rs | 32 ++++-
rust/kernel/time/hrtimer.rs | 336 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
2 files changed, 362 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-next/CANiq72kdxB=W3_CV1U44oOK3SssztPo2wLDZt6LP94TEO+Kj4g@mail.gmail.com/ [1]
* tag 'rust-timekeeping-for-v7.1' of https://github.com/Rust-for-Linux/linux:
hrtimer: add usage examples to documentation
rust: time: make ClockSource unsafe trait
rust/time: Add Delta::from_nanos()
The SZ_* constants are usize, matching the CPU pointer width. But
device address spaces have their own widths (32-bit MMIO windows,
64-bit GPU framebuffers, etc.), so drivers end up casting these
constants with SZ_1M as u64 or helper functions. This adds
boilerplate with no safety benefit.
Add a SizeConstants trait with associated SZ_* constants, implemented
for u32, u64, and usize. With the trait in scope, callers write
u64::SZ_1M or u32::SZ_4K to get the constant in their device's
native width. All SZ_* values fit in a u32, so every implementation
is lossless. Each impl has a const assert to catch any future
constant that would overflow.
A define_sizes! macro generates everything from a single internal
list of names. The macro takes the target types as arguments, so
adding a new target type requires changing only the call site.
Suggested-by: Danilo Krummrich <dakr@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/DGB9G697GSWO.3VBFGU5MKFPMR@kernel.org/
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/DGHI8WRKBQS9.38910L6FIIZTE@kernel.org/
Reviewed-by: Eliot Courtney <ecourtney@nvidia.com>
Reviewed-by: Alexandre Courbot <acourbot@nvidia.com>
Acked-by: Gary Guo <gary@garyguo.net>
Signed-off-by: John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260404021204.339779-2-jhubbard@nvidia.com
[ Applied the "kernel vertical" imports style. - Miguel ]
Signed-off-by: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org>
With the Rust version bump in place, the `RUSTC_HAS_COERCE_POINTEE`
Kconfig (automatic) option is always true.
Thus remove the option and simplify the code.
In particular, this includes removing our use of the predecessor unstable
features we used with Rust < 1.84.0 (`coerce_unsized`, `dispatch_from_dyn`
and `unsize`).
Reviewed-by: Tamir Duberstein <tamird@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Danilo Krummrich <dakr@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Gary Guo <gary@garyguo.net>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260405235309.418950-11-ojeda@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org>
With the Rust version bump in place, the `RUSTC_HAS_SLICE_AS_FLATTENED`
Kconfig (automatic) option is always true.
Thus remove the option and simplify the code.
In particular, this includes removing the `slice` module which contained
the temporary slice helpers, i.e. the `AsFlattened` extension trait and
its `impl`s.
Reviewed-by: Tamir Duberstein <tamird@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Gary Guo <gary@garyguo.net>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260405235309.418950-10-ojeda@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org>
Add a detailed comparison and recommendation of the three types of
build-time assertion macro as module documentation (and un-hide the module
to render them).
The documentation on the macro themselves are simplified to only cover the
scenarios where they should be used; links to the module documentation is
added instead.
Reviewed-by: Yury Norov <ynorov@nvidia.com>
Signed-off-by: Gary Guo <gary@garyguo.net>
Reviewed-by: Alexandre Courbot <acourbot@nvidia.com>
Reviewed-by: Alice Ryhl <aliceryhl@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Danilo Krummrich <dakr@kernel.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260319121653.2975748-4-gary@kernel.org
[ Added periods on comments. - Miguel ]
Signed-off-by: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org>
The macro is a more powerful version of `static_assert!` for use inside
function contexts. This is powered by inline consts, so enable the feature
for old compiler versions that does not have it stably.
While it is possible already to write `const { assert!(...) }`, this
provides a short hand that is more uniform with other assertions. It also
formats nicer with rustfmt where it will not be formatted into multiple
lines.
Two users that would route via the Rust tree are converted.
Reviewed-by: Yury Norov <ynorov@nvidia.com>
Signed-off-by: Gary Guo <gary@garyguo.net>
Reviewed-by: Alexandre Courbot <acourbot@nvidia.com>
Reviewed-by: Alice Ryhl <aliceryhl@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Danilo Krummrich <dakr@kernel.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260319121653.2975748-3-gary@kernel.org
[ Rebased. Fixed period typo. - Miguel ]
Signed-off-by: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org>
Due to Rust macro scoping rules, all macros defined in a crate using
`#[macro_export]` end up in the top-level. For the list macros, we
re-export them inside the list module, and expect users to use
`kernel::list::macro_name!()`.
Use `#[doc(hidden)]` on the macro definition, and use `#[doc(inline)]` on
the re-export to make the macro appear to be defined at module-level inside
documentation.
The other exported types are already automatically `#[doc(inline)]` because
they are defined in a non-public module, so there is no need to split the
macro re-exports out.
Signed-off-by: Gary Guo <gary@garyguo.net>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260312174700.4016015-1-gary@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org>
The Rust `Regulator` abstraction uses `NonNull` to wrap the underlying
`struct regulator` pointer. When `CONFIG_REGULATOR` is disabled, the C
stub for `regulator_get` returns `NULL`. `from_err_ptr` does not treat
`NULL` as an error, so it was passed to `NonNull::new_unchecked`,
causing undefined behavior.
Fix this by using a raw pointer `*mut bindings::regulator` instead of
`NonNull`. This allows `inner` to be `NULL` when `CONFIG_REGULATOR` is
disabled, and leverages the C stubs which are designed to handle `NULL`
or are no-ops.
Fixes: 9b614ceada ("rust: regulator: add a bare minimum regulator abstraction")
Reported-by: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org>
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260322193830.89324-1-ojeda@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Alice Ryhl <aliceryhl@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Almeida <daniel.almeida@collabora.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260324-regulator-fix-v1-1-a5244afa3c15@google.com
Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
Pull Rust fixes from Miguel Ojeda:
"Toolchain and infrastructure:
- Remap paths to avoid absolute ones starting with the upcoming Rust
1.95.0 release. This improves build reproducibility, avoids leaking
the exact path and avoids having the same path appear in two forms
The approach here avoids remapping debug information as well, in
order to avoid breaking tools that used the paths to access source
files, which was the previous attempt that needed to be reverted
- Allow 'unused_features' lint for the upcoming Rust 1.96.0 release.
While well-intentioned, we do not benefit much from the new lint
- Emit dependency information into '$(depfile)' directly to avoid a
temporary '.d' file (it was an old approach)
'kernel' crate:
- 'str' module: fix warning under '!CONFIG_BLOCK' by making
'NullTerminatedFormatter' public
- 'cpufreq' module: suppress false positive Clippy warning
'pin-init' crate:
- Remove '#[disable_initialized_field_access]' attribute which was
unsound. This means removing the support for structs with unaligned
fields (through the 'repr(packed)' attribute), for now
And document the load-bearing fact of field accessors (i.e. that
they are required for soundness)
- Replace shadowed return token by 'unsafe'-to-create token in order
to remain sound in the face of the likely upcoming Type Alias Impl
Trait (TAIT) and the next trait solver in upstream Rust"
* tag 'rust-fixes-7.0-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ojeda/linux:
rust: kbuild: allow `unused_features`
rust: cpufreq: suppress clippy::double_parens in Policy doctest
rust: pin-init: replace shadowed return token by `unsafe`-to-create token
rust: pin-init: internal: init: document load-bearing fact of field accessors
rust: pin-init: internal: init: remove `#[disable_initialized_field_access]`
rust: build: remap path to avoid absolute path
rust: kbuild: emit dep-info into $(depfile) directly
rust: str: make NullTerminatedFormatter public
As kernel always use unsigned char and not the platform ABI's default, an
user should always use `as_char_ptr` provided via `CStrExt` instead.
Therefore configure `disallow-methods` feature of clippy to catch incorrect
usage.
Similarly, the dual `from_ptr` is also disallowed.
[ As an example, without the previous commit, we would get a warning like:
warning: use of a disallowed method `core::ffi::CStr::as_ptr`
--> rust/kernel/task.rs:422:54
|
422 | unsafe { crate::bindings::__might_sleep(file.as_ptr().cast(), loc.line() as i32) }
| ^^^^^^ help: kernel's `char` is always unsigned, use `as_char_ptr` instead: `kernel::prelude::CStrExt::as_char_ptr`
|
= help: for further information visit https://rust-lang.github.io/rust-clippy/rust-1.94.0/index.html#disallowed_methods
= note: `-W clippy::disallowed-methods` implied by `-W clippy::all`
= help: to override `-W clippy::all` add `#[allow(clippy::disallowed_methods)]`
- Miguel ]
Signed-off-by: Gary Guo <gary@garyguo.net>
Reviewed-by: Tamir Duberstein <tamird@kernel.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260203130745.868762-2-gary@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org>
Current `dma_read!`, `dma_write!` macros also use a custom
`addr_of!()`-based implementation for projecting pointers, which has
soundness issue as it relies on absence of `Deref` implementation on types.
It also has a soundness issue where it does not protect against unaligned
fields (when `#[repr(packed)]` is used) so it can generate misaligned
accesses.
This commit migrates them to use the general pointer projection
infrastructure, which handles these cases correctly.
As part of migration, the macro is updated to have an improved surface
syntax. The current macro have
dma_read!(a.b.c[d].e.f)
to mean `a.b.c` is a DMA coherent allocation and it should project into it
with `[d].e.f` and do a read, which is confusing as it makes the indexing
operator integral to the macro (so it will break if you have an array of
`CoherentAllocation`, for example).
This also is problematic as we would like to generalize
`CoherentAllocation` from just slices to arbitrary types.
Make the macro expects `dma_read!(path.to.dma, .path.inside.dma)` as the
canonical syntax. The index operator is no longer special and is just one
type of projection (in additional to field projection). Similarly, make
`dma_write!(path.to.dma, .path.inside.dma, value)` become the canonical
syntax for writing.
Another issue of the current macro is that it is always fallible. This
makes sense with existing design of `CoherentAllocation`, but once we
support fixed size arrays with `CoherentAllocation`, it is desirable to
have the ability to perform infallible indexing as well, e.g. doing a `[0]`
index of `[Foo; 2]` is okay and can be checked at build-time, so forcing
falliblity is non-ideal. To capture this, the macro is changed to use
`[idx]` as infallible projection and `[idx]?` as fallible index projection
(those syntax are part of the general projection infra). A benefit of this
is that while individual indexing operation may fail, the overall
read/write operation is not fallible.
Fixes: ad2907b4e3 ("rust: add dma coherent allocator abstraction")
Reviewed-by: Benno Lossin <lossin@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Gary Guo <gary@garyguo.net>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260302164239.284084-4-gary@kernel.org
[ Capitalize safety comments; slightly improve wording in doc-comments.
- Danilo ]
Signed-off-by: Danilo Krummrich <dakr@kernel.org>
Add a generic infrastructure for performing field and index projections on
raw pointers. This will form the basis of performing I/O projections.
Pointers manipulations are intentionally using the safe wrapping variants
instead of the unsafe variants, as the latter requires pointers to be
inside an allocation which is not necessarily true for I/O pointers.
This projection macro protects against rogue `Deref` implementation, which
can causes the projected pointer to be outside the bounds of starting
pointer. This is extremely unlikely and Rust has a lint to catch this, but
is unsoundness regardless. The protection works by inducing type inference
ambiguity when `Deref` is implemented.
This projection macro also stops projecting into unaligned fields (i.e.
fields of `#[repr(packed)]` structs), as misaligned pointers require
special handling. This is implemented by attempting to create reference to
projected field inside a `if false` block. Despite being unreachable, Rust
still checks that they're not unaligned fields.
The projection macro supports both fallible and infallible index
projections. These are described in detail inside the documentation.
Signed-off-by: Gary Guo <gary@garyguo.net>
Reviewed-by: Benno Lossin <lossin@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260302164239.284084-3-gary@kernel.org
[ * Add intro-doc links where possible,
* Fix typos and slightly improve wording, e.g. "as documentation
describes" -> "as the documentation of [`Self::proj`] describes",
* Add an empty line between regular and safety comments, before
examples, and between logically independent comments,
* Capitalize various safety comments.
- Danilo ]
Signed-off-by: Danilo Krummrich <dakr@kernel.org>
Add a `KnownSize` trait which is used obtain a size from a raw pointer's
metadata. This makes it possible to obtain size information on a raw slice
pointer. This is similar to Rust `core::mem::size_of_val_raw` which is not
yet stable.
Signed-off-by: Gary Guo <gary@garyguo.net>
Reviewed-by: Benno Lossin <lossin@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260302164239.284084-2-gary@kernel.org
[ Fix wording in doc-comment. - Danilo ]
Signed-off-by: Danilo Krummrich <dakr@kernel.org>
Pull kunit fixes from Shuah Khan:
- Fix rust warnings when CONFIG_PRINTK is disabled
- Reduce stack usage in kunit_run_tests() to fix warnings when
CONFIG_FRAME_WARN is set to a relatively low value
- Update email address for David Gow
- Copy caller args in kunit tool in run_kernel to prevent mutation
* tag 'linux_kselftest-kunit-fixes-7.0-rc3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/shuah/linux-kselftest:
kunit: reduce stack usage in kunit_run_tests()
kunit: tool: copy caller args in run_kernel to prevent mutation
rust: kunit: fix warning when !CONFIG_PRINTK
MAINTAINERS: Update email address for David Gow
If `CONFIG_BLOCK` is disabled, the following warnings are displayed
during build:
warning: struct `NullTerminatedFormatter` is never constructed
--> ../rust/kernel/str.rs:667:19
|
667 | pub(crate) struct NullTerminatedFormatter<'a> {
| ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
= note: `#[warn(dead_code)]` (part of `#[warn(unused)]`) on by default
warning: associated function `new` is never used
--> ../rust/kernel/str.rs:673:19
|
671 | impl<'a> NullTerminatedFormatter<'a> {
| ------------------------------------ associated function in this implementation
672 | /// Create a new [`Self`] instance.
673 | pub(crate) fn new(buffer: &'a mut [u8]) -> Option<NullTerminatedFormatter<'a>> {
Fix them by making `NullTerminatedFormatter` public, as it could be
useful for drivers anyway.
Fixes: cdde7a1951 ("rust: str: introduce `NullTerminatedFormatter`")
Signed-off-by: Alexandre Courbot <acourbot@nvidia.com>
Reviewed-by: Alice Ryhl <aliceryhl@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Andreas Hindborg <a.hindborg@kernel.org>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260224-nullterminatedformatter-v1-1-5bef7b9b3d4c@nvidia.com
Signed-off-by: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org>
If `CONFIG_PRINTK` is not set, then the following warnings are issued
during build:
warning: unused variable: `args`
--> ../rust/kernel/kunit.rs:16:12
|
16 | pub fn err(args: fmt::Arguments<'_>) {
| ^^^^ help: if this is intentional, prefix it with an underscore: `_args`
|
= note: `#[warn(unused_variables)]` (part of `#[warn(unused)]`) on by default
warning: unused variable: `args`
--> ../rust/kernel/kunit.rs:32:13
|
32 | pub fn info(args: fmt::Arguments<'_>) {
| ^^^^ help: if this is intentional, prefix it with an underscore: `_args`
Fix this by adding a no-op assignment using `args` when `CONFIG_PRINTK`
is not set.
Fixes: a66d733da8 ("rust: support running Rust documentation tests as KUnit ones")
Signed-off-by: Alexandre Courbot <acourbot@nvidia.com>
Reviewed-by: Alice Ryhl <aliceryhl@google.com>
Reviewed-by: David Gow <david@davidgow.net>
Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
Currently, the define_read!() and define_write!() I/O macros are crate
public. The only user outside of the I/O module is PCI (for the
configurations space I/O backend). Consequently, when CONFIG_PCI=n this
causes a compile time warning [1].
In order to fix this, rename the macros to io_define_read!() and
io_define_write!() and use #[macro_export] to export them.
This is better than making the crate public visibility conditional, as
eventually subsystems will have their own crate.
Also, I/O backends are valid to be implemented by drivers as well. For
instance, there are devices (such as GPUs) that run firmware which
allows to program other devices only accessible through the primary
device through indirect I/O.
Since the macros are now public, also add the corresponding
documentation.
Fixes: 121d87b28e ("rust: io: separate generic I/O helpers from MMIO implementation")
Reported-by: Miguel Ojeda <miguel.ojeda.sandonis@gmail.com>
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/driver-core/CANiq72khOYkt6t5zwMvSiyZvWWHMZuNCMERXu=7K=_5tT-8Pgg@mail.gmail.com/ [1]
Reviewed-by: Alice Ryhl <aliceryhl@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Almeida <daniel.almeida@collabora.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260216131534.65008-1-dakr@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Danilo Krummrich <dakr@kernel.org>
Pull rust fixes from Miguel Ojeda:
"Toolchain and infrastructure:
- Pass '-Zunstable-options' flag required by the future Rust 1.95.0
- Fix 'objtool' warning for Rust 1.84.0
'kernel' crate:
- 'irq' module: add missing bound detected by the future Rust 1.95.0
- 'list' module: add missing 'unsafe' blocks and placeholder safety
comments to macros (an issue for future callers within the crate)
'pin-init' crate:
- Clean Clippy warning that changed behavior in the future Rust
1.95.0"
* tag 'rust-fixes-7.0' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ojeda/linux:
rust: list: Add unsafe blocks for container_of and safety comments
rust: pin-init: replace clippy `expect` with `allow`
rust: irq: add `'static` bounds to irq callbacks
objtool/rust: add one more `noreturn` Rust function
rust: kbuild: pass `-Zunstable-options` for Rust 1.95.0
impl_list_item_mod.rs calls container_of! without unsafe blocks at a
couple of places. Since container_of! is unsafe, the blocks are strictly
necessary.
The problem was so far not visible because the "unsafe-op-in-unsafe-fn"
check is a lint rather than a hard compiler error, and Rust suppresses
lints triggered inside of a macro from another crate.
Thus, the error becomes only visible once someone from within the kernel
crate tries to use linked lists:
error[E0133]: call to unsafe function `core::ptr::mut_ptr::<impl *mut T>::byte_sub`
is unsafe and requires unsafe block
--> rust/kernel/lib.rs:252:29
|
252 | let container_ptr = field_ptr.byte_sub(offset).cast::<$Container>();
| ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ call to unsafe function
|
::: rust/kernel/drm/jq.rs:98:1
|
98 | / impl_list_item! {
99 | | impl ListItem<0> for BasicItem { using ListLinks { self.links }; }
100 | | }
| |_- in this macro invocation
|
note: an unsafe function restricts its caller, but its body is safe by default
--> rust/kernel/list/impl_list_item_mod.rs:216:13
|
216 | unsafe fn view_value(me: *mut $crate::list::ListLinks<$num>) -> *const Self {
| ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
::: rust/kernel/drm/jq.rs:98:1
|
98 | / impl_list_item! {
99 | | impl ListItem<0> for BasicItem { using ListLinks { self.links }; }
100 | | }
| |_- in this macro invocation
= note: requested on the command line with `-D unsafe-op-in-unsafe-fn`
= note: this error originates in the macro `$crate::container_of` which comes
from the expansion of the macro `impl_list_item`
Therefore, add unsafe blocks to container_of! calls to fix the issue.
[ As discussed, let's fix the build for those that want to use the
macro within the `kernel` crate now and we can discuss the proper
safety comments afterwards. Thus I removed the ones from the patch.
However, we cannot just avoid the comments with `CLIPPY=1`, so I
provided placeholders for now, like we did in the past. They were
also needed for an `unsafe impl`.
While I am not happy about it, it isn't worse than the current
status (the comments were meant to be there), and at least this
shows what is missing -- our pre-existing "good first issue" [1]
may motivate new contributors to complete them properly.
Finally, I moved one of the existing safety comments one line down
so that Clippy could locate it.
Link: https://github.com/Rust-for-Linux/linux/issues/351 [1]
- Miguel ]
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: c77f85b347 ("rust: list: remove OFFSET constants")
Suggested-by: Alice Ryhl <aliceryhl@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Philipp Stanner <phasta@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Gary Guo <gary@garyguo.net>
Reviewed-by: Alice Ryhl <aliceryhl@google.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260216131613.45344-3-phasta@kernel.org
[ Fixed formatting. Reworded to fix the lint suppression
explanation. Indent build error. - Miguel ]
Signed-off-by: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org>
These callback functions take a generic `T` that is used in the body as
the generic argument in `Registration` and `ThreadedRegistration`. Those
types require `T: 'static`, but due to a compiler bug this requirement
isn't propagated to the function. Thus add the bound. This was caught in
the upstream Rust CI [1].
[ The three errors looked similar and will start appearing with Rust
1.95.0 (expected 2026-04-16). The first one was:
error[E0310]: the parameter type `T` may not live long enough
Error: --> rust/kernel/irq/request.rs:266:43
|
266 | let registration = unsafe { &*(ptr as *const Registration<T>) };
| ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
| |
| the parameter type `T` must be valid for the static lifetime...
| ...so that the type `T` will meet its required lifetime bounds
|
help: consider adding an explicit lifetime bound
|
264 | unsafe extern "C" fn handle_irq_callback<T: Handler + 'static>(_irq: i32, ptr: *mut c_void) -> c_uint {
| +++++++++
- Miguel ]
Link: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/149389 [1]
Signed-off-by: Benno Lossin <lossin@kernel.org>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: 29e16fcd67 ("rust: irq: add &Device<Bound> argument to irq callbacks")
Reviewed-by: Gary Guo <gary@garyguo.net>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Almeida <daniel.almeida@collabora.com>
Acked-by: Danilo Krummrich <dakr@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/rust-for-linux/20260217222425.8755-1-cole@unwrap.rs/
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260214092740.3201946-1-lossin@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org>
Pull USB / Thunderbolt updates from Greg KH:
"Here is the "big" set of USB and Thunderbolt driver updates for
7.0-rc1. Overall more lines were removed than added, thanks to
dropping the obsolete isp1362 USB host controller driver, always a
nice change.
Other than that, nothing major happening here, highlights are:
- lots of dwc3 driver updates and new hardware support added
- usb gadget function driver updates
- usb phy driver updates
- typec driver updates and additions
- USB rust binding updates for syntax and formatting changes
- more usb serial device ids added
- other smaller USB core and driver updates and additions
All of these have been in linux-next for a long time, with no reported
problems"
* tag 'usb-7.0-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/usb: (77 commits)
usb: typec: ucsi: Add Thunderbolt alternate mode support
usb: typec: hd3ss3220: Check if regulator needs to be switched
usb: phy: tegra: parametrize PORTSC1 register offset
usb: phy: tegra: parametrize HSIC PTS value
usb: phy: tegra: return error value from utmi_wait_register
usb: phy: tegra: cosmetic fixes
dt-bindings: usb: renesas,usbhs: Add RZ/G3E SoC support
usb: dwc2: fix resume failure if dr_mode is host
usb: cdns3: fix role switching during resume
usb: dwc3: gadget: Move vbus draw to workqueue context
USB: serial: option: add Telit FN920C04 RNDIS compositions
usb: dwc3: Log dwc3 address in traces
usb: gadget: tegra-xudc: Add handling for BLCG_COREPLL_PWRDN
usb: phy: tegra: add HSIC support
usb: phy: tegra: use phy type directly
usb: typec: ucsi: Enforce mode selection for cros_ec_ucsi
usb: typec: ucsi: Support mode selection to activate altmodes
usb: typec: Introduce mode_selection bit
usb: typec: Implement mode selection
usb: typec: Expose alternate mode priority via sysfs
...
Pull char/misc/IIO driver updates from Greg KH:
"Here is the big set of char/misc/iio and other smaller driver
subsystem changes for 7.0-rc1. Lots of little things in here,
including:
- Loads of iio driver changes and updates and additions
- gpib driver updates
- interconnect driver updates
- i3c driver updates
- hwtracing (coresight and intel) driver updates
- deletion of the obsolete mwave driver
- binder driver updates (rust and c versions)
- mhi driver updates (causing a merge conflict, see below)
- mei driver updates
- fsi driver updates
- eeprom driver updates
- lots of other small char and misc driver updates and cleanups
All of these have been in linux-next for a while, with no reported
issues"
* tag 'char-misc-7.0-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/char-misc: (297 commits)
mux: mmio: fix regmap leak on probe failure
rust_binder: return p from rust_binder_transaction_target_node()
drivers: android: binder: Update ARef imports from sync::aref
rust_binder: fix needless borrow in context.rs
iio: magn: mmc5633: Fix Kconfig for combination of I3C as module and driver builtin
iio: sca3000: Fix a resource leak in sca3000_probe()
iio: proximity: rfd77402: Add interrupt handling support
iio: proximity: rfd77402: Document device private data structure
iio: proximity: rfd77402: Use devm-managed mutex initialization
iio: proximity: rfd77402: Use kernel helper for result polling
iio: proximity: rfd77402: Align polling timeout with datasheet
iio: cros_ec: Allow enabling/disabling calibration mode
iio: frequency: ad9523: correct kernel-doc bad line warning
iio: buffer: buffer_impl.h: fix kernel-doc warnings
iio: gyro: itg3200: Fix unchecked return value in read_raw
MAINTAINERS: add entry for ADE9000 driver
iio: accel: sca3000: remove unused last_timestamp field
iio: accel: adxl372: remove unused int2_bitmask field
iio: adc: ad7766: Use iio_trigger_generic_data_rdy_poll()
iio: magnetometer: Remove IRQF_ONESHOT
...
Pull more misc vfs updates from Christian Brauner:
"Features:
- Optimize close_range() from O(range size) to O(active FDs) by using
find_next_bit() on the open_fds bitmap instead of linearly scanning
the entire requested range. This is a significant improvement for
large-range close operations on sparse file descriptor tables.
- Add FS_XFLAG_VERITY file attribute for fs-verity files, retrievable
via FS_IOC_FSGETXATTR and file_getattr(). The flag is read-only.
Add tracepoints for fs-verity enable and verify operations,
replacing the previously removed debug printk's.
- Prevent nfsd from exporting special kernel filesystems like pidfs
and nsfs. These filesystems have custom ->open() and ->permission()
export methods that are designed for open_by_handle_at(2) only and
are incompatible with nfsd. Update the exportfs documentation
accordingly.
Fixes:
- Fix KMSAN uninit-value in ovl_fill_real() where strcmp() was used
on a non-null-terminated decrypted directory entry name from
fscrypt. This triggered on encrypted lower layers when the
decrypted name buffer contained uninitialized tail data.
The fix also adds VFS-level name_is_dot(), name_is_dotdot(), and
name_is_dot_dotdot() helpers, replacing various open-coded "." and
".." checks across the tree.
- Fix read-only fsflags not being reset together with xflags in
vfs_fileattr_set(). Currently harmless since no read-only xflags
overlap with flags, but this would cause inconsistencies for any
future shared read-only flag
- Return -EREMOTE instead of -ESRCH from PIDFD_GET_INFO when the
target process is in a different pid namespace. This lets userspace
distinguish "process exited" from "process in another namespace",
matching glibc's pidfd_getpid() behavior
Cleanups:
- Use C-string literals in the Rust seq_file bindings, replacing the
kernel::c_str!() macro (available since Rust 1.77)
- Fix typo in d_walk_ret enum comment, add porting notes for the
readlink_copy() calling convention change"
* tag 'vfs-7.0-rc1.misc.2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/vfs/vfs:
fs: add porting notes about readlink_copy()
pidfs: return -EREMOTE when PIDFD_GET_INFO is called on another ns
nfsd: do not allow exporting of special kernel filesystems
exportfs: clarify the documentation of open()/permission() expotrfs ops
fsverity: add tracepoints
fs: add FS_XFLAG_VERITY for fs-verity files
rust: seq_file: replace `kernel::c_str!` with C-Strings
fs: dcache: fix typo in enum d_walk_ret comment
ovl: use name_is_dot* helpers in readdir code
fs: add helpers name_is_dot{,dot,_dotdot}
ovl: Fix uninit-value in ovl_fill_real
fs: reset read-only fsflags together with xflags
fs/file: optimize close_range() complexity from O(N) to O(Sparse)
Pull configfs updates from Andreas Hindborg:
- Switch the configfs rust bindings to use c string literals provided
by the compiler, rather than a macro
- A follow up on constifying `configfs_item_operations`, applying the
change to the configfs sample
* tag 'configfs-for-v7.0' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/a.hindborg/linux:
samples: configfs: Constify struct configfs_item_operations and configfs_group_operations
rust: configfs: replace `kernel::c_str!` with C-Strings
Pull non-MM updates from Andrew Morton:
- "ocfs2: give ocfs2 the ability to reclaim suballocator free bg" saves
disk space by teaching ocfs2 to reclaim suballocator block group
space (Heming Zhao)
- "Add ARRAY_END(), and use it to fix off-by-one bugs" adds the
ARRAY_END() macro and uses it in various places (Alejandro Colomar)
- "vmcoreinfo: support VMCOREINFO_BYTES larger than PAGE_SIZE" makes
the vmcore code future-safe, if VMCOREINFO_BYTES ever exceeds the
page size (Pnina Feder)
- "kallsyms: Prevent invalid access when showing module buildid" cleans
up kallsyms code related to module buildid and fixes an invalid
access crash when printing backtraces (Petr Mladek)
- "Address page fault in ima_restore_measurement_list()" fixes a
kexec-related crash that can occur when booting the second-stage
kernel on x86 (Harshit Mogalapalli)
- "kho: ABI headers and Documentation updates" updates the kexec
handover ABI documentation (Mike Rapoport)
- "Align atomic storage" adds the __aligned attribute to atomic_t and
atomic64_t definitions to get natural alignment of both types on
csky, m68k, microblaze, nios2, openrisc and sh (Finn Thain)
- "kho: clean up page initialization logic" simplifies the page
initialization logic in kho_restore_page() (Pratyush Yadav)
- "Unload linux/kernel.h" moves several things out of kernel.h and into
more appropriate places (Yury Norov)
- "don't abuse task_struct.group_leader" removes the usage of
->group_leader when it is "obviously unnecessary" (Oleg Nesterov)
- "list private v2 & luo flb" adds some infrastructure improvements to
the live update orchestrator (Pasha Tatashin)
* tag 'mm-nonmm-stable-2026-02-12-10-48' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm: (107 commits)
watchdog/hardlockup: simplify perf event probe and remove per-cpu dependency
procfs: fix missing RCU protection when reading real_parent in do_task_stat()
watchdog/softlockup: fix sample ring index wrap in need_counting_irqs()
kcsan, compiler_types: avoid duplicate type issues in BPF Type Format
kho: fix doc for kho_restore_pages()
tests/liveupdate: add in-kernel liveupdate test
liveupdate: luo_flb: introduce File-Lifecycle-Bound global state
liveupdate: luo_file: Use private list
list: add kunit test for private list primitives
list: add primitives for private list manipulations
delayacct: fix uapi timespec64 definition
panic: add panic_force_cpu= parameter to redirect panic to a specific CPU
netclassid: use thread_group_leader(p) in update_classid_task()
RDMA/umem: don't abuse current->group_leader
drm/pan*: don't abuse current->group_leader
drm/amd: kill the outdated "Only the pthreads threading model is supported" checks
drm/amdgpu: don't abuse current->group_leader
android/binder: use same_thread_group(proc->tsk, current) in binder_mmap()
android/binder: don't abuse current->group_leader
kho: skip memoryless NUMA nodes when reserving scratch areas
...
Pull networking updates from Paolo Abeni:
"Core & protocols:
- A significant effort all around the stack to guide the compiler to
make the right choice when inlining code, to avoid unneeded calls
for small helper and stack canary overhead in the fast-path.
This generates better and faster code with very small or no text
size increases, as in many cases the call generated more code than
the actual inlined helper.
- Extend AccECN implementation so that is now functionally complete,
also allow the user-space enabling it on a per network namespace
basis.
- Add support for memory providers with large (above 4K) rx buffer.
Paired with hw-gro, larger rx buffer sizes reduce the number of
buffers traversing the stack, dincreasing single stream CPU usage
by up to ~30%.
- Do not add HBH header to Big TCP GSO packets. This simplifies the
RX path, the TX path and the NIC drivers, and is possible because
user-space taps can now interpret correctly such packets without
the HBH hint.
- Allow IPv6 routes to be configured with a gateway address that is
resolved out of a different interface than the one specified,
aligning IPv6 to IPv4 behavior.
- Multi-queue aware sch_cake. This makes it possible to scale the
rate shaper of sch_cake across multiple CPUs, while still enforcing
a single global rate on the interface.
- Add support for the nbcon (new buffer console) infrastructure to
netconsole, enabling lock-free, priority-based console operations
that are safer in crash scenarios.
- Improve the TCP ipv6 output path to cache the flow information,
saving cpu cycles, reducing cache line misses and stack use.
- Improve netfilter packet tracker to resolve clashes for most
protocols, avoiding unneeded drops on rare occasions.
- Add IP6IP6 tunneling acceleration to the flowtable infrastructure.
- Reduce tcp socket size by one cache line.
- Notify neighbour changes atomically, avoiding inconsistencies
between the notification sequence and the actual states sequence.
- Add vsock namespace support, allowing complete isolation of vsocks
across different network namespaces.
- Improve xsk generic performances with cache-alignment-oriented
optimizations.
- Support netconsole automatic target recovery, allowing netconsole
to reestablish targets when underlying low-level interface comes
back online.
Driver API:
- Support for switching the working mode (automatic vs manual) of a
DPLL device via netlink.
- Introduce PHY ports representation to expose multiple front-facing
media ports over a single MAC.
- Introduce "rx-polarity" and "tx-polarity" device tree properties,
to generalize polarity inversion requirements for differential
signaling.
- Add helper to create, prepare and enable managed clocks.
Device drivers:
- Add Huawei hinic3 PF etherner driver.
- Add DWMAC glue driver for Motorcomm YT6801 PCIe ethernet
controller.
- Add ethernet driver for MaxLinear MxL862xx switches
- Remove parallel-port Ethernet driver.
- Convert existing driver timestamp configuration reporting to
hwtstamp_get and remove legacy ioctl().
- Convert existing drivers to .get_rx_ring_count(), simplifing the RX
ring count retrieval. Also remove the legacy fallback path.
- Ethernet high-speed NICs:
- Broadcom (bnxt, bng):
- bnxt: add FW interface update to support FEC stats histogram
and NVRAM defragmentation
- bng: add TSO and H/W GRO support
- nVidia/Mellanox (mlx5):
- improve latency of channel restart operations, reducing the
used H/W resources
- add TSO support for UDP over GRE over VLAN
- add flow counters support for hardware steering (HWS) rules
- use a static memory area to store headers for H/W GRO,
leading to 12% RX tput improvement
- Intel (100G, ice, idpf):
- ice: reorganizes layout of Tx and Rx rings for cacheline
locality and utilizes __cacheline_group* macros on the new
layouts
- ice: introduces Synchronous Ethernet (SyncE) support
- Meta (fbnic):
- adds debugfs for firmware mailbox and tx/rx rings vectors
- Ethernet virtual:
- geneve: introduce GRO/GSO support for double UDP encapsulation
- Ethernet NICs consumer, and embedded:
- Synopsys (stmmac):
- some code refactoring and cleanups
- RealTek (r8169):
- add support for RTL8127ATF (10G Fiber SFP)
- add dash and LTR support
- Airoha:
- AN8811HB 2.5 Gbps phy support
- Freescale (fec):
- add XDP zero-copy support
- Thunderbolt:
- add get link setting support to allow bonding
- Renesas:
- add support for RZ/G3L GBETH SoC
- Ethernet switches:
- Maxlinear:
- support R(G)MII slow rate configuration
- add support for Intel GSW150
- Motorcomm (yt921x):
- add DCB/QoS support
- TI:
- icssm-prueth: support bridging (STP/RSTP) via the switchdev
framework
- Ethernet PHYs:
- Realtek:
- enable SGMII and 2500Base-X in-band auto-negotiation
- simplify and reunify C22/C45 drivers
- Micrel: convert bindings to DT schema
- CAN:
- move skb headroom content into skb extensions, making CAN
metadata access more robust
- CAN drivers:
- rcar_canfd:
- add support for FD-only mode
- add support for the RZ/T2H SoC
- sja1000: cleanup the CAN state handling
- WiFi:
- implement EPPKE/802.1X over auth frames support
- split up drop reasons better, removing generic RX_DROP
- additional FTM capabilities: 6 GHz support, supported number of
spatial streams and supported number of LTF repetitions
- better mac80211 iterators to enumerate resources
- initial UHR (Wi-Fi 8) support for cfg80211/mac80211
- WiFi drivers:
- Qualcomm/Atheros:
- ath11k: support for Channel Frequency Response measurement
- ath12k: a significant driver refactor to support multi-wiphy
devices and and pave the way for future device support in the
same driver (rather than splitting to ath13k)
- ath12k: support for the QCC2072 chipset
- Intel:
- iwlwifi: partial Neighbor Awareness Networking (NAN) support
- iwlwifi: initial support for U-NII-9 and IEEE 802.11bn
- RealTek (rtw89):
- preparations for RTL8922DE support
- Bluetooth:
- implement setsockopt(BT_PHY) to set the connection packet type/PHY
- set link_policy on incoming ACL connections
- Bluetooth drivers:
- btusb: add support for MediaTek7920, Realtek RTL8761BU and 8851BE
- btqca: add WCN6855 firmware priority selection feature"
* tag 'net-next-7.0' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/net-next: (1254 commits)
bnge/bng_re: Add a new HSI
net: macb: Fix tx/rx malfunction after phy link down and up
af_unix: Fix memleak of newsk in unix_stream_connect().
net: ti: icssg-prueth: Add optional dependency on HSR
net: dsa: add basic initial driver for MxL862xx switches
net: mdio: add unlocked mdiodev C45 bus accessors
net: dsa: add tag format for MxL862xx switches
dt-bindings: net: dsa: add MaxLinear MxL862xx
selftests: drivers: net: hw: Modify toeplitz.c to poll for packets
octeontx2-pf: Unregister devlink on probe failure
net: renesas: rswitch: fix forwarding offload statemachine
ionic: Rate limit unknown xcvr type messages
tcp: inet6_csk_xmit() optimization
tcp: populate inet->cork.fl.u.ip6 in tcp_v6_syn_recv_sock()
tcp: populate inet->cork.fl.u.ip6 in tcp_v6_connect()
ipv6: inet6_csk_xmit() and inet6_csk_update_pmtu() use inet->cork.fl.u.ip6
ipv6: use inet->cork.fl.u.ip6 and np->final in ip6_datagram_dst_update()
ipv6: use np->final in inet6_sk_rebuild_header()
ipv6: add daddr/final storage in struct ipv6_pinfo
net: stmmac: qcom-ethqos: fix qcom_ethqos_serdes_powerup()
...
