bpf: fix mm lifecycle in open-coded task_vma iterator

The open-coded task_vma iterator reads task->mm locklessly and acquires
mmap_read_trylock() but never calls mmget(). If the task exits
concurrently, the mm_struct can be freed as it is not
SLAB_TYPESAFE_BY_RCU, resulting in a use-after-free.

Safely read task->mm with a trylock on alloc_lock and acquire an mm
reference. Drop the reference via bpf_iter_mmput_async() in _destroy()
and error paths. bpf_iter_mmput_async() is a local wrapper around
mmput_async() with a fallback to mmput() on !CONFIG_MMU.

Reject irqs-disabled contexts (including NMI) up front. Operations used
by _next() and _destroy() (mmap_read_unlock, bpf_iter_mmput_async)
take spinlocks with IRQs disabled (pool->lock, pi_lock). Running from
NMI or from a tracepoint that fires with those locks held could
deadlock.

A trylock on alloc_lock is used instead of the blocking task_lock()
(get_task_mm) to avoid a deadlock when a softirq BPF program iterates
a task that already holds its alloc_lock on the same CPU.

Fixes: 4ac4546821 ("bpf: Introduce task_vma open-coded iterator kfuncs")
Signed-off-by: Puranjay Mohan <puranjay@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260408154539.3832150-2-puranjay@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>

kernel/bpf/task_iter.c

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 #include <linux/bpf_mem_alloc.h>
 #include <linux/btf_ids.h>
 #include <linux/mm_types.h>
+#include <linux/sched/mm.h>
 #include "mmap_unlock_work.h"
 
 static const char * const iter_task_type_names[] = {
@@ -794,6 +795,15 @@ const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_find_vma_proto = {
 	.arg5_type	= ARG_ANYTHING,
 };
 
+static inline void bpf_iter_mmput_async(struct mm_struct *mm)
+{
+#ifdef CONFIG_MMU
+	mmput_async(mm);
+#else
+	mmput(mm);
+#endif
+}
+
 struct bpf_iter_task_vma_kern_data {
 	struct task_struct *task;
 	struct mm_struct *mm;
@@ -825,6 +835,24 @@ __bpf_kfunc int bpf_iter_task_vma_new(struct bpf_iter_task_vma *it,
 	BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(struct bpf_iter_task_vma_kern) != sizeof(struct bpf_iter_task_vma));
 	BUILD_BUG_ON(__alignof__(struct bpf_iter_task_vma_kern) != __alignof__(struct bpf_iter_task_vma));
 
+	/* bpf_iter_mmput_async() needs mmput_async() which requires CONFIG_MMU */
+	if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_MMU)) {
+		kit->data = NULL;
+		return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Reject irqs-disabled contexts including NMI. Operations used
+	 * by _next() and _destroy() (mmap_read_unlock, bpf_iter_mmput_async)
+	 * can take spinlocks with IRQs disabled (pi_lock, pool->lock).
+	 * Running from NMI or from a tracepoint that fires with those
+	 * locks held could deadlock.
+	 */
+	if (irqs_disabled()) {
+		kit->data = NULL;
+		return -EBUSY;
+	}
+
 	/* is_iter_reg_valid_uninit guarantees that kit hasn't been initialized
 	 * before, so non-NULL kit->data doesn't point to previously
 	 * bpf_mem_alloc'd bpf_iter_task_vma_kern_data
@@ -834,7 +862,25 @@ __bpf_kfunc int bpf_iter_task_vma_new(struct bpf_iter_task_vma *it,
 		return -ENOMEM;
 
 	kit->data->task = get_task_struct(task);
+	/*
+	 * Safely read task->mm and acquire an mm reference.
+	 *
+	 * Cannot use get_task_mm() because its task_lock() is a
+	 * blocking spin_lock that would deadlock if the target task
+	 * already holds alloc_lock on this CPU (e.g. a softirq BPF
+	 * program iterating a task interrupted while holding its
+	 * alloc_lock).
+	 */
+	if (!spin_trylock(&task->alloc_lock)) {
+		err = -EBUSY;
+		goto err_cleanup_iter;
+	}
 	kit->data->mm = task->mm;
+	if (kit->data->mm && !(task->flags & PF_KTHREAD))
+		mmget(kit->data->mm);
+	else
+		kit->data->mm = NULL;
+	spin_unlock(&task->alloc_lock);
 	if (!kit->data->mm) {
 		err = -ENOENT;
 		goto err_cleanup_iter;
@@ -844,15 +890,16 @@ __bpf_kfunc int bpf_iter_task_vma_new(struct bpf_iter_task_vma *it,
 	irq_work_busy = bpf_mmap_unlock_get_irq_work(&kit->data->work);
 	if (irq_work_busy || !mmap_read_trylock(kit->data->mm)) {
 		err = -EBUSY;
-		goto err_cleanup_iter;
+		goto err_cleanup_mmget;
 	}
 
 	vma_iter_init(&kit->data->vmi, kit->data->mm, addr);
 	return 0;
 
+err_cleanup_mmget:
+	bpf_iter_mmput_async(kit->data->mm);
 err_cleanup_iter:
-	if (kit->data->task)
+	put_task_struct(kit->data->task);
-		put_task_struct(kit->data->task);
 	bpf_mem_free(&bpf_global_ma, kit->data);
 	/* NULL kit->data signals failed bpf_iter_task_vma initialization */
 	kit->data = NULL;
@@ -875,6 +922,7 @@ __bpf_kfunc void bpf_iter_task_vma_destroy(struct bpf_iter_task_vma *it)
 	if (kit->data) {
 		bpf_mmap_unlock_mm(kit->data->work, kit->data->mm);
 		put_task_struct(kit->data->task);
+		bpf_iter_mmput_async(kit->data->mm);
 		bpf_mem_free(&bpf_global_ma, kit->data);
 	}
 }