diff --git a/mm/rmap.c b/mm/rmap.c
index 5fd22ba59d35..cd48f34f11b5 100644
--- a/mm/rmap.c
+++ b/mm/rmap.c
@@ -1072,6 +1072,7 @@ int folio_referenced(struct folio *folio, int is_locked,
 		.invalid_vma = invalid_folio_referenced_vma,
 	};
 
+	VM_WARN_ON_ONCE_FOLIO(folio_is_zone_device(folio), folio);
 	*vm_flags = 0;
 	if (!pra.mapcount)
 		return 0;