diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/xe/xe_migrate.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/xe/xe_migrate.c
index ac9f4d4988d2..45cde272d45f 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/xe/xe_migrate.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/xe/xe_migrate.c
@@ -152,8 +152,7 @@ static void xe_migrate_program_identity(struct xe_device *xe, struct xe_vm *vm,
 	for (pos = dpa_base; pos < vram_limit;
 	     pos += SZ_1G, ofs += 8) {
 		if (pos + SZ_1G >= vram_limit) {
-			entry = vm->pt_ops->pde_encode_bo(bo, pt_2m_ofs,
-							  pat_index);
+			entry = vm->pt_ops->pde_encode_bo(bo, pt_2m_ofs);
 			xe_map_wr(xe, &bo->vmap, ofs, u64, entry);
 
 			flags = vm->pt_ops->pte_encode_addr(xe, 0,
@@ -207,7 +206,7 @@ static int xe_migrate_prepare_vm(struct xe_tile *tile, struct xe_migrate *m,
 
 	/* PT30 & PT31 reserved for 2M identity map */
 	pt29_ofs = xe_bo_size(bo) - 3 * XE_PAGE_SIZE;
-	entry = vm->pt_ops->pde_encode_bo(bo, pt29_ofs, pat_index);
+	entry = vm->pt_ops->pde_encode_bo(bo, pt29_ofs);
 	xe_pt_write(xe, &vm->pt_root[id]->bo->vmap, 0, entry);
 
 	map_ofs = (num_entries - num_setup) * XE_PAGE_SIZE;
@@ -275,15 +274,14 @@ static int xe_migrate_prepare_vm(struct xe_tile *tile, struct xe_migrate *m,
 			flags = XE_PDE_64K;
 
 		entry = vm->pt_ops->pde_encode_bo(bo, map_ofs + (u64)(level - 1) *
-						  XE_PAGE_SIZE, pat_index);
+						  XE_PAGE_SIZE);
 		xe_map_wr(xe, &bo->vmap, map_ofs + XE_PAGE_SIZE * level, u64,
 			  entry | flags);
 	}
 
 	/* Write PDE's that point to our BO. */
 	for (i = 0; i < map_ofs / PAGE_SIZE; i++) {
-		entry = vm->pt_ops->pde_encode_bo(bo, (u64)i * XE_PAGE_SIZE,
-						  pat_index);
+		entry = vm->pt_ops->pde_encode_bo(bo, (u64)i * XE_PAGE_SIZE);
 
 		xe_map_wr(xe, &bo->vmap, map_ofs + XE_PAGE_SIZE +
 			  (i + 1) * 8, u64, entry);
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/xe/xe_pt.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/xe/xe_pt.c
index 330cc0f54a3f..f3a39e734a90 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/xe/xe_pt.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/xe/xe_pt.c
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ static u64 __xe_pt_empty_pte(struct xe_tile *tile, struct xe_vm *vm,
 
 	if (level > MAX_HUGEPTE_LEVEL)
 		return vm->pt_ops->pde_encode_bo(vm->scratch_pt[id][level - 1]->bo,
-						 0, pat_index);
+						 0);
 
 	return vm->pt_ops->pte_encode_addr(xe, 0, pat_index, level, IS_DGFX(xe), 0) |
 		XE_PTE_NULL;
@@ -616,7 +616,7 @@ xe_pt_stage_bind_entry(struct xe_ptw *parent, pgoff_t offset,
 			xe_child->is_compact = true;
 		}
 
-		pte = vm->pt_ops->pde_encode_bo(xe_child->bo, 0, pat_index) | flags;
+		pte = vm->pt_ops->pde_encode_bo(xe_child->bo, 0) | flags;
 		ret = xe_pt_insert_entry(xe_walk, xe_parent, offset, xe_child,
 					 pte);
 	}
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/xe/xe_pt_types.h b/drivers/gpu/drm/xe/xe_pt_types.h
index 69eab6f37cfe..17cdd7c7e9f5 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/xe/xe_pt_types.h
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/xe/xe_pt_types.h
@@ -45,8 +45,7 @@ struct xe_pt_ops {
 	u64 (*pte_encode_addr)(struct xe_device *xe, u64 addr,
 			       u16 pat_index,
 			       u32 pt_level, bool devmem, u64 flags);
-	u64 (*pde_encode_bo)(struct xe_bo *bo, u64 bo_offset,
-			     u16 pat_index);
+	u64 (*pde_encode_bo)(struct xe_bo *bo, u64 bo_offset);
 };
 
 struct xe_pt_entry {
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/xe/xe_vm.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/xe/xe_vm.c
index 148a2425006f..97913f496a46 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/xe/xe_vm.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/xe/xe_vm.c
@@ -1512,14 +1512,39 @@ static u64 pte_encode_ps(u32 pt_level)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static u64 xelp_pde_encode_bo(struct xe_bo *bo, u64 bo_offset,
-			      const u16 pat_index)
+static u16 pde_pat_index(struct xe_bo *bo)
+{
+	struct xe_device *xe = xe_bo_device(bo);
+	u16 pat_index;
+
+	/*
+	 * We only have two bits to encode the PAT index in non-leaf nodes, but
+	 * these only point to other paging structures so we only need a minimal
+	 * selection of options. The user PAT index is only for encoding leaf
+	 * nodes, where we have use of more bits to do the encoding. The
+	 * non-leaf nodes are instead under driver control so the chosen index
+	 * here should be distict from the user PAT index. Also the
+	 * corresponding coherency of the PAT index should be tied to the
+	 * allocation type of the page table (or at least we should pick
+	 * something which is always safe).
+	 */
+	if (!xe_bo_is_vram(bo) && bo->ttm.ttm->caching == ttm_cached)
+		pat_index = xe->pat.idx[XE_CACHE_WB];
+	else
+		pat_index = xe->pat.idx[XE_CACHE_NONE];
+
+	xe_assert(xe, pat_index <= 3);
+
+	return pat_index;
+}
+
+static u64 xelp_pde_encode_bo(struct xe_bo *bo, u64 bo_offset)
 {
 	u64 pde;
 
 	pde = xe_bo_addr(bo, bo_offset, XE_PAGE_SIZE);
 	pde |= XE_PAGE_PRESENT | XE_PAGE_RW;
-	pde |= pde_encode_pat_index(pat_index);
+	pde |= pde_encode_pat_index(pde_pat_index(bo));
 
 	return pde;
 }
@@ -2024,8 +2049,7 @@ struct xe_vm *xe_vm_lookup(struct xe_file *xef, u32 id)
 
 u64 xe_vm_pdp4_descriptor(struct xe_vm *vm, struct xe_tile *tile)
 {
-	return vm->pt_ops->pde_encode_bo(vm->pt_root[tile->id]->bo, 0,
-					 tile_to_xe(tile)->pat.idx[XE_CACHE_WB]);
+	return vm->pt_ops->pde_encode_bo(vm->pt_root[tile->id]->bo, 0);
 }
 
 static struct xe_exec_queue *