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git-svn-id: http://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/branches/testing/BOOK@4000 4aa44e1e-78dd-0310-a6d2-fbcd4c07a689
274 lines
9.8 KiB
XML
274 lines
9.8 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.3//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.3/docbookx.dtd" [
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<!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
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%general-entities;
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]>
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<sect1 id="ch-system-binutils" xreflabel="Binutils" role="wrap">
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<title>Binutils-&binutils-version;</title>
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<?dbhtml filename="binutils.html"?>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils"><primary sortas="a-Binutils">Binutils</primary></indexterm>
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<sect2 role="package"><title/>
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<para>The Binutils package contains a linker, an assembler, and other tools for
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handling object files.</para>
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<segmentedlist>
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<segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
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<segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
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<seglistitem><seg>1.4 SBU</seg><seg>167 MB</seg></seglistitem>
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</segmentedlist>
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<segmentedlist>
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<segtitle>Binutils installation depends on</segtitle>
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<seglistitem><seg>Bash, Coreutils, Diffutils, GCC, Gettext,
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Glibc, Grep, Make, Perl, Sed, Texinfo</seg></seglistitem>
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</segmentedlist>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 role="installation">
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<title>Installation of Binutils</title>
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<para>Verify that your the terminals (PTYs) are working properly
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inside the chroot environment. Check that everything is set up
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correctly by performing a simple test:</para>
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<screen><userinput>expect -c "spawn ls"</userinput></screen>
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<para>If the following message shows up, the chroot environment is not
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set up for proper PTY operation:</para>
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<screen><computeroutput>The system has no more ptys. Ask your system administrator to create more.</computeroutput></screen>
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<para>The issue needs to be resolved before running the test suites
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for Binutils and GCC.</para>
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<para>This package is known to have issues when its default
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optimization flags (including the <parameter>-march</parameter> and
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<parameter>-mcpu</parameter> options) are changed. If any environment
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variables that override default optimizations have been defined, such
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as <emphasis>CFLAGS</emphasis> and <emphasis>CXXFLAGS</emphasis>,
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unset or modifying them when building Binutils.</para>
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<para>The Binutils documentation recommends building Binutils outside of the
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source directory in a dedicated build directory:</para>
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<screen><userinput>mkdir ../binutils-build
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cd ../binutils-build</userinput></screen>
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<para>Prepare Binutils for compilation:</para>
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<screen><userinput>../binutils-&binutils-version;/configure --prefix=/usr --enable-shared</userinput></screen>
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<para>Compile the package:</para>
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<screen><userinput>make tooldir=/usr</userinput></screen>
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<para>Normally, the tooldir (the directory where the executables will
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ultimately be located) is set to <filename
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class="directory">$(exec_prefix)/$(target_alias)</filename>, which
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expands into <filename
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class="directory">/usr/i686-pc-linux-gnu</filename>. Because this is a
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custom system, this target-specific directory in <filename
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class="directory">/usr</filename> is not required. This setup would be
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used if the system was used to cross-compile (for example, compiling a
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package on an Intel machine that generates code that can be executed
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on PowerPC machines).</para>
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<important><para>The test suite for Binutils in this section is
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considered critical. Do not skip it under any
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circumstances.</para></important>
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<para>Test the results:</para>
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<screen><userinput>make check</userinput></screen>
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<para>Install the package:</para>
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<screen><userinput>make tooldir=/usr install</userinput></screen>
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<para>Install the <filename class="headerfile">libiberty</filename> header file that is needed by
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some packages:</para>
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<screen><userinput>cp ../binutils-&binutils-version;/include/libiberty.h /usr/include</userinput></screen>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 id="contents-binutils" role="content"><title>Contents of Binutils</title>
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<segmentedlist>
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<segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
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<segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
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<seglistitem><seg>addr2line, ar, as, c++filt, gprof, ld, nm, objcopy, objdump,
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ranlib, readelf, size, strings and strip</seg>
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<seg>libiberty.a, libbfd.[a,so] and libopcodes.[a,so]</seg></seglistitem>
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</segmentedlist>
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<variablelist><title>Short descriptions</title>
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<varlistentry id="addr2line">
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<term><command>addr2line</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils addr2line"><primary sortas="b-addr2line">addr2line</primary></indexterm>
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<para>translates program addresses to file names and line numbers.
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Given an address and the name of an executable, it uses the debugging
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information in the executable to determine which source file and line
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number are associated with the address.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="ar">
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<term><command>ar</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils ar"><primary sortas="b-ar">ar</primary></indexterm>
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<para>creates, modifies, and extracts from archives. An archive is a
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single file holding a collection of other files in a structure that
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makes it possible to retrieve the original individual files (called
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members of the archive).</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="as">
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<term><command>as</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils as"><primary sortas="b-as">as</primary></indexterm>
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<para>an assembler. It assembles the output of gcc into object
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files.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="c-filt">
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<term><command>c++filt</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils c-filt"><primary sortas="b-c++filt">c++filt</primary></indexterm>
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<para>used by the linker to de-mangle C++ and Java symbols and to keep
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overloaded functions from clashing.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="gprof">
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<term><command>gprof</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils gprof"><primary sortas="b-gprof">gprof</primary></indexterm>
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<para>displays call graph profile data.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="ld">
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<term><command>ld</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils ld"><primary sortas="b-ld">ld</primary></indexterm>
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<para>a linker. It combines a number of object and archive files into a single file,
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relocating their data and tying up symbol references.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="nm">
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<term><command>nm</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils nm"><primary sortas="b-nm">nm</primary></indexterm>
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<para>lists the symbols occurring in a given object file.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="objcopy">
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<term><command>objcopy</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils objcopy"><primary sortas="b-objcopy">objcopy</primary></indexterm>
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<para>used to translate one type of object file into another.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="objdump">
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<term><command>objdump</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils objdump"><primary sortas="b-objdump">objdump</primary></indexterm>
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<para>displays information about the given object file, with options
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controlling the particular information to display. The information
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shown is useful to programmers who are working on the compilation
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tools.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="ranlib">
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<term><command>ranlib</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils ranlib"><primary sortas="b-ranlib">ranlib</primary></indexterm>
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<para>generates an index of the contents of an archive and stores it
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in the archive. The index lists all of the symbols defined by archive
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members that are relocatable object files.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="readelf">
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<term><command>readelf</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils readelf"><primary sortas="b-readelf">readelf</primary></indexterm>
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<para>displays information about ELF type binaries.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="size">
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<term><command>size</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils size"><primary sortas="b-size">size</primary></indexterm>
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<para>lists the section sizes and the total size for the given object files.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="strings">
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<term><command>strings</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils strings"><primary sortas="b-strings">strings</primary></indexterm>
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<para>outputs, for each given file, the sequences of printable
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characters that are of at least the specified length (defaulting to
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four). For object files, it prints, by default, only the strings from
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the initializing and loading sections. For other types of files, it
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scans the whole file.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="strip">
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<term><command>strip</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils strip"><primary sortas="b-strip">strip</primary></indexterm>
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<para>discards symbols from object files.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="libiberty">
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<term><filename class="libraryfile">libiberty</filename></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils libiberty"><primary sortas="c-libiberty">libiberty</primary></indexterm>
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<para>contains routines used by various GNU programs, including
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<command>getopt</command>, <command>obstack</command>,
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<command>strerror</command>, <command>strtol</command> and
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<command>strtoul</command>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="libbfd">
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<term><filename class="libraryfile">libbfd</filename></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils libbfd"><primary sortas="c-libbfd">libbfd</primary></indexterm>
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<para>the Binary File Descriptor library.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="libopcodes">
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<term><filename class="libraryfile">libopcodes</filename></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils libopcodes"><primary sortas="c-libopcodes">libopcodes</primary></indexterm>
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<para>a library for dealing with opcodes.
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It is used for building utilities like <command>objdump</command>. Opcodes are the <quote>readable
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text</quote> versions of instructions for the processor.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</sect2>
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</sect1>
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