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git-svn-id: http://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/branches/testing/BOOK@4009 4aa44e1e-78dd-0310-a6d2-fbcd4c07a689
269 lines
9.3 KiB
XML
269 lines
9.3 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.3//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.3/docbookx.dtd" [
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<!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
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%general-entities;
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]>
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<sect1 id="ch-system-sysvinit" xreflabel="Sysvinit" role="wrap">
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<title>Sysvinit-&sysvinit-version;</title>
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<?dbhtml filename="sysvinit.html"?>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit"><primary sortas="a-Sysvinit">Sysvinit</primary></indexterm>
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<sect2 role="package"><title/>
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<para>The Sysvinit package contains programs for controlling the startup,
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running, and shutdown of your system.</para>
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<segmentedlist>
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<segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
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<segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
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<seglistitem><seg>0.1 SBU</seg><seg> 0.9 MB</seg></seglistitem>
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</segmentedlist>
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<segmentedlist>
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<segtitle>Sysvinit installation depends on</segtitle>
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<seglistitem><seg>Binutils, Coreutils, GCC, Glibc, Make</seg></seglistitem>
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</segmentedlist>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 role="installation">
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<title>Installation of Sysvinit</title>
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<para>Sysvinit-&sysvinit-version; contains a <quote>buffer
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overflow</quote> bug. Under some conditions, it modifies the values of
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environment variables. Fix this with:</para>
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<screen><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../sysvinit-&sysvinit-version;-proclen-1.patch</userinput></screen>
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<para>When run-levels are changed (for example, when halting the
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system), <command>init</command> sends termination signals to those
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processes that <command>init</command> itself started and that should
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not be running in the new run-level. While doing this,
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<command>init</command> outputs messages like <quote>Sending processes
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the TERM signal</quote> which seem to imply that it is sending these
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signals to all currently running processes. To avoid this
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misinterpretation, modify the source so that these messages read like
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<quote>Sending processes started by init the TERM signal</quote>
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instead:</para>
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<screen><userinput>sed -i 's@Sending processes@& started by init@g' \
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src/init.c</userinput></screen>
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<para>Compile Sysvinit:</para>
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<screen><userinput>make -C src</userinput></screen>
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<para>Install the package:</para>
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<screen><userinput>make -C src install</userinput></screen>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 id="conf-sysvinit" role="configuration"><title>Configuring Sysvinit</title>
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<indexterm zone="conf-sysvinit">
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<primary sortas="a-Sysvinit">Sysvinit</primary>
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<secondary>configuring</secondary></indexterm>
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<indexterm zone="conf-sysvinit"><primary sortas="e-/etc/inittab">/etc/inittab</primary></indexterm>
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<para>Create a new file <filename>/etc/inittab</filename> by running the
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following:</para>
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<screen><userinput>cat > /etc/inittab << "EOF"
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# Begin /etc/inittab
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id:3:initdefault:
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si::sysinit:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc sysinit
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l0:0:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 0
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l1:S1:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 1
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l2:2:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 2
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l3:3:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 3
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l4:4:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 4
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l5:5:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 5
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l6:6:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 6
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ca:12345:ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t1 -a -r now
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su:S016:once:/sbin/sulogin
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1:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty -I '\033(K' tty1 9600
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2:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty -I '\033(K' tty2 9600
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3:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty -I '\033(K' tty3 9600
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4:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty -I '\033(K' tty4 9600
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5:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty -I '\033(K' tty5 9600
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6:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty -I '\033(K' tty6 9600
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# End /etc/inittab
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EOF</userinput></screen>
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<para>The <parameter>-I '\033(K'</parameter> option tells
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<command>agetty</command> to send this escape sequence to the terminal
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before doing anything else. This escape sequence switches the console
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character set to a user-defined one, which can be modified by running
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the <command>setfont</command> program. The console initscript from
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the LFS-Bootscripts package calls the <command>setfont</command>
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program during system startup. Sending this escape sequence is
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necessary for people who use non-ISO-8859-1 screen fonts, but it does
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not affect native English speakers.</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 id="contents-sysvinit" role="content"><title>Contents of Sysvinit</title>
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<segmentedlist>
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<segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
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<seglistitem><seg>halt, init, killall5, last, lastb (link to last), mesg, pidof (link to
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killall5), poweroff (link to halt), reboot (link to halt), runlevel, shutdown, sulogin, telinit
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(link to init), utmpdump and wall</seg></seglistitem>
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</segmentedlist>
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<variablelist><bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short descriptions</bridgehead>
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<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
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<varlistentry id="halt">
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<term><command>halt</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>normally invokes <command>shutdown</command> with the
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<parameter>-h</parameter> option, except when already in run-level 0,
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then it tells the kernel to halt the system. First it notes in the
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file <filename>/var/log/wtmp</filename> that the system is being
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brought down.</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit halt"><primary sortas="b-halt">halt</primary></indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="init">
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<term><command>init</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>the first process to be started when the kernel has initialized
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the hardware. Init takes over the boot process and starts all the
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proceses it is instructed to.</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit init"><primary sortas="b-init">init</primary></indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="killall5">
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<term><command>killall5</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>sends a signal to all processes, except the processes in its own
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session so it won't kill the shell running the script that called
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it.</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit killall5"><primary sortas="b-killall5">killall5</primary></indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="last">
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<term><command>last</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>shows which users last logged in (and out),
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searching back through the <filename>/var/log/wtmp</filename> file. It
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also show system boots, shutdowns, and run-level changes.</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit last"><primary sortas="b-last">last</primary></indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="lastb">
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<term><command>lastb</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>shows the failed login attempts, as logged in
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<filename>/var/log/btmp</filename>.</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit lastb"><primary sortas="b-lastb">lastb</primary></indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="mesg">
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<term><command>mesg</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>controls whether other users can send messages to the current
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user's terminal.</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit mesg"><primary sortas="b-mesg">mesg</primary></indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="pidof">
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<term><command>pidof</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>reports the PIDs of the given programs.</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit pidof"><primary sortas="b-pidof">pidof</primary></indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="poweroff">
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<term><command>poweroff</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>tells the kernel to halt the system and switch off the computer
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(see <command>halt</command>).</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit poweroff"><primary sortas="b-poweroff">poweroff</primary></indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="reboot">
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<term><command>reboot</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>tells the kernel to reboot the system (see
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<command>halt</command>).</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit reboot"><primary sortas="b-reboot">reboot</primary></indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="runlevel">
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<term><command>runlevel</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>reports the previous and the current run-level, as noted in the last run-level
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record in <filename>/var/run/utmp</filename>.</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit runlevel"><primary sortas="b-runlevel">runlevel</primary></indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="shutdown">
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<term><command>shutdown</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>brings the system down in a secure way, signaling all processes
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and notifying all logged-in users.</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit shutdown"><primary sortas="b-shutdown">shutdown</primary></indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="sulogin">
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<term><command>sulogin</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>allows <emphasis>root</emphasis> to log in. It is
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normally invoked by <command>init</command> when the system goes into single user mode.</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit sulogin"><primary sortas="b-sulogin">sulogin</primary></indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="telinit">
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<term><command>telinit</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>tells <command>init</command> which run-level to change to.</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit telinit"><primary sortas="b-telinit">telinit</primary></indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="utmpdump">
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<term><command>utmpdump</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>displays the content of the given login file in a more
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user-friedly format.</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit utmpdump"><primary sortas="b-utmpdump">utmpdump</primary></indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="wall">
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<term><command>wall</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>writes a message to all logged-in users.</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit wall"><primary sortas="b-wall">wall</primary></indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</sect2>
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</sect1>
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